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THE ROSE', 



A TREATISE 



ON THE CULTIVATION, HISTORY, FAMILY CHARACTER- 
ISTICS, ETC., OF THE VARIOUS GROUPS OF 
ROSES, WITH ACCURATE DESCRIPTIONS 
OF THE VARIETIES NOW GEN- 
ERALLY GROWN v, 



/ 



BY 

H. B. ELLWANGER 

WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY 

GEORGE H. ELLWANGER 



REVISED EDITION 



NEW YORK ~ liHH I V 

DODD, MEAD & COMPANY 

1892 










Copyright, 1882, 
By DODD, MEAD & COMPANY. 

Copyright, 1892, 
By DODD, MEAD & COMPANY. 

All j-ights reserved. 



I DEDICATE THIS BOOK TO MY FATHER, 
GEORGE ELLWANGER, 

WHO HAS DONE SO MUCH TO IMPROVE HORTICULTURAL 
TASTE, AND INCULCATE A LOVE FOR THE BEAUTI- 
FUL. HE HAS EVER TAUGHT, AND PROVED 
BY HIS LIFE, THAT MUCH OF THE 
PUREST HAPPINESS IS FOUND 
IN ACTIVE EMPLOYMENT 
IN THE GARDEN. 



CONTENTS 



Introduction 

Preface, 

I. — Classification, . 

II. — The Families of Roses in Gen 
eral Cultivation, . 

III. — Technical Terms, 

IV. — Position and Soil, 

V.— Planting and Pruning, 

VI. — Manures, 

VII. — Insects and Diseases, 

VIII. — Propagation, 

IX. — Exhibiting Roses, 

X. — Roses under Glass, . 

XI.— Varieties for Special Purposes 

XII.— Raisers of the Best Roses, 



PAGE 

9-21 
23-24 

25-27 

28-66 
67-70 

71-75 
76-82 
83-86 
87-98 

99-106 

107-113 
I 14-126 

127-133 
134-155 



CONTENTS. 



XIII. — The Seed Parents of Various 
Roses, 

XIV. — Permanent Colors. Too-Much- 
Alike Roses. How to Dis- 
tinguish between Similar 
Varieties, 

XV. — Typical Roses, . 

XVI. — Raising New Varieties, 

XVII. — Publications on the Rose 

Appendix — Old and New Roses, 

Catalogue of Varieties, , 



PAGE 

156-161 



162-173 

174-185 
186-198 
199-202 
203-227 
228-308 



THE ROSE 



I saw a Rose-hud ope this 

morn — / swear 
The blushing morning opened 

not more fair. 

COWLEY, 



INTRODUCTION TO REVISED EDITION. 




O comprehensively and intelligent- 
ly has the theme been treated in 
the following monograph by one 
who was eminently qualified to 
render it justice, that little remains to be said 
of the Rose in general. But during the past 
decade since " The Rose" was written by the 
late Henry B. Ellwanger, a host of new varie- 
ties have been produced and disseminated in 
the United States and in Europe. Those 
which have proven themselves most worthy to 
be retained have been included with their de- 
scriptions in the subjoined catalogue, the ad- 
ditional varieties being indicated by an aster- 
isk. Additional works on the subject, and 
magazines and periodicals relating to it, have 
also been carried out to date. 

A review from the Century Magazine, en- 
titled " Old and New Roses," which appeared 
the year following the publication of this 
volume, and but a month previous to the au- 



INTRODUCTION. 



thor's death, has also been included, through 
the courtesy of the editors of that periodical. 
This essay, dealing as it does with numerous 
vital points connected with the development 
of the Rose, will be found most comprehen- 
sive and instructive, not only by the general 
reader, but by the skilled rosarian as well. 
Apart from these additions, the original text 
of the volume has been left as it first appeared. 
With the increasing love for flowers, year 
by year rose-culture has steadily advanced 
in this country where, in its extended and 
varied area, the climatic requirements of 
this flower are scarcely excelled, while its 
intelligent cultivation under glass is else- 
where unsurpassed. Indeed, cut-flowers of 
most kinds are nowhere grown to greater 
perfection, and nowhere are more expense 
and pains bestowed in their development 
than by the florists in the metropolis and the 
larger cities of America. For flowers are no 
longer considered a mere luxury to be en- 
joyed by the wealthy, but have come to be 
regarded as a necessity to the well-being of 
even the modest home. The sentiment ex- 
pressed by Jesse, " the passion for flowers is 
one of the most enduring and permanent of 
all enjoyments," has not changed, but has 
rather been heightened a hundred-fold in 



INTRODUCTION. n 

these our modern days, in the same manner 
that an increased love for external Nature has 
become a marked characteristic of the age. 

We are perhaps no nearer now than when 
the present volume was written in being able 
to decide upon the loveliest species and vari- 
ety of the Rose. Moreover, the best rose 
under glass is not the best rose grown out of 
doors ; while, in any event, to pronounce upon 
color might be at the sacrifice of form and 
fragrance, in numerous cases — 

The rose looks fair, but fairer we it deem 
For that sweet odor that doth in it live. 

Even were a few kinds singled out from 
the multitude for a general estimate, each of 
which possessed exceptional claims for rec- 
ognition, the florist would decide upon one, 
the average person upon another; just as one 
might declare the Rose, another the violet, 
lily, or primrose the sweetest flower. To be 
restricted to any one form or color were irk- 
some, withal, even in the case of individual 
species — 

Earth hath no princelier flowers 
Than roses white and roses red, 
But they must still be mingled. 

The Rose is no exception to the charm of 
variety. Yet many of the fine old kinds are 



1 2 IN TROD UCTION. 



comparatively neglected, if not entirely lost, 
jostled and thrust aside by the increasing 
horde of newer aspirants. 

How many a country home owes its out- 
ward charm not only to its coronal of lilacs, 
honeysuckles, and snow-balls, its pomp of 
Paeonias, roses of Sharon and trumpet-vine, 
but to its climbing roses most of all — the 
blush-colored Baltimore Belle and rose-red 
Queen of the Prairies which festoon its pillars 
and entwine its arbors. Can any new variety 
exhale a sweeter perfume than the roses of 
our childhood— the old white Damask, pink 
Cabbage, and common Moss whose scented 
petals perchance remain fragrant still in the 
haunting essence of the rose-jar? Even the 
pink clusters of the rambling Michigan rose, 
and the spicy foliage of the Sweetbriar bring 
up an old garden with its pageant of daffo- 
dils, sweet Williams, snow-pinks, and Ma- 
donna lilies ; its troops of columbines, lark- 
spurs, bearded Irids, and bachelor-buttons; 
its blaze of hollyhocks, tiger-lilies, dahlias, 
and sunflowers. The first June rose ! emblem 
of summer, symbol of sweetness, hue of 
beauty — with each succeeding year it blos- 
soms fresh and beautiful as when Sappho 
crowned it with praise, and the nightingale 
wooed it in the gardens of Naishapur. 



INTRODUCTION, 



13 



Fortunately, the Rose is not confined to 
summer, though the class known as "sum- 
mer" roses is indeed fleeting. But many of 
the hybrid-remontants, which include a large 
number of the loveliest and most fragrant 
kinds, disburse a second autumnal bloom; 
while in the open air and under glass com- 
bined, the Rose in some of its multifarious 
forms may be said to bloom the year round. 
Essentially it is the flower of the year, as 
well as the flower of the poets. 

Not every one can afford a greenhouse in 
which to grow flowers during winter; very 
many, on the other hand, may enjoy their 
culture in the open air. No garden, it goes 
without saying, however beautiful and how- 
ever rich its assortment of hardy shrubs and 
flowers, is complete without its June rosary. 
Like the majority of flowers and most things 
that are worth the having, the Rose, as the 
guerdon of its beauty, demands attention and 
loving care. Left to itself, enemies and 
scourges innumerable, from the first opening 
leaf to the last withered petal, come to prey 
upon it ; not only marring its beauty but im- 
pairing its vitality. The rose-chafer, green- 
fly, leaf-roller, and rose-slug, to say nothing 
of mildew and the red-spider, are still as 
abundant as ever and require the same vig- 



14 INTRODUCTION. 

orous treatment of whale-oil soap, quassia, 
tobacco, hellebore, sulphur, and Paris green. 
A huge syringe, intended to be attached to 
the garden hose, and charged with any of 
these insect dynamos, according to the will of 
the operator, is a recent invention that will 
be welcomed by all rose-growers. Armed 
with this, it is claimed that death may be 
meted out by wholesale to the insect scourges, 
if the remedy be persistently applied. For in 
rose pests, one brood of insects is far from 
making a summer, and unremitting warfare 
is the price of abundant bloom and vigorous 
foliage. 

As producers of new roses, the French con- 
tinue in the lead, though an extremely large 
proportion of recent French varieties are 
mediocre or useless for general cultivation, 
or resemble so closely other well-known sorts 
as to be of no increased value in themselves. 
The incentive to produce new kinds, it should 
be remembered, is especially great in France, 
where twenty-five francs apiece is demanded 
for a novelty which may be good, bad, or in- 
different, but whose description is invariably 
couleur de rose. Not that in the majority of 
cases they are sent out with the deliberate 
design to deceive — the Rose owes too much to 
Gallic intelligence, enthusiasm, and pains for 



IN TR OD UC TION. 1 5 

a charge of this nature to be made. But to 
the raiser, a new variety, fostered by his care 
and travail, naturally possesses enhanced at- 
tractions which may not be equally percepti- 
ble to the public ; while new things are always 
apt to be more attractive at first sight than 
upon closer familiarity. 

The English, who come next as producers 
of new roses, continue to send out some ex- 
cellent novelties ; and, with our own growers, 
exercise better care and more reliability in 
selecting than the French. America has 
contributed largely those kinds suitable for 
forcing under glass ; and of American roses 
produced of recent years, it may be said 
they are nearly all valuable as proved by 
general cultivation. 

Among new roses there has been nothing 
better produced in their respective classes 
than Baroness Rothschild and Mme. Gabriel 
Luizet in pink, La France in silvery rose, 
Mabel Morrison in white, Marechal Niel in 
yellow, Catherine Mermet in delicate blush, 
Gloire de Dijon in rose-salmon, Marie Rady 
in fragrant and vivid vermilion, and General 
Jacqueminot in its brilliant scented crimson 
bud. Other new varieties have been added, 
to be sure, possessing especial merits. Of 
distinct sorts recently introduced may be par- 



1 6 INTRODUCTION. 

ticularly instanced : Teas: Mme. Hoste (Guil- 
lot, 1887), Mme. de Watteville (Guillot-fils, 
1884), Mme. Pierre Guillot (Guillot, 1888), 
Papa Gontier (Nabonnand, 1883), Queen (Din- 
gee & Conard Co., 1890), Climbing Niphetos 
(Keynes & Co., 1889), Climbing Perle des 
Jardins (J. Henderson, 1890). Hybrid Remon- 
tants: American Beauty (Hon. G. Bancroft, 
1885), Earl of Dufferin (A. Dickson & Sons, 
1887), Gloire de Margottin (Margottin, 1887), 
Lady Helen Stuart (A. Dickson & Sons, 1887), 
Mrs. John Laing (Bennett, 1887). Hybrid Ru- 
gosa: Mme. G. Bruant (Bruant, 1888). Bour- 
bon: Mrs. Degraw (Burgess, 1887). Hybrid 
Tea: Meteor (Bennett, 1887). Polyantha: 
Clothilde Soupert (Soupert & Notting, 1890). 
Of the numerous varieties produced since 
the present volume was written, few possess 
greater claims to recognition than the rose 
raised by the author .and named by him after 
the distinguished nomologist, Marshall P. 
Wilder — one of the most fragrant, beautiful, 
and free-flowering of the hybrid-remontant 
class, and equalled by few roses as an autum- 
nal bloomer. By many, American Beauty, 
supposed to be a cross from Mme. Victor 
Verdier and a Tea of unknown origin, is re- 
garded as the finest of roses. In its class it 
is certainly unrivalled, with its immense fra- 



IN TR OD UC TION. 1 7 

grant blossoms, beautiful violet-red color, 
long stems, and luxuriant foliage. But it is 
essentially a rose for growing under glass, 
and cannot take the place of numerous old- 
time favorites as an out-of-door flower. Of 
comparatively recent introduction, Papa Gon- 
tier, in like manner, is greatly prized by 
florists for winter forcing, though to the ama- 
teur it scarcely takes the place of its deli- 
ciously-scented rosy rival, Bon Silene. 

The improvements in the Rose may be best 
understood on comparing the monographs 
and catalogues of the present day with the 
lists of a half-century ago, and more espe- 
cially with the lists as given by the old garden- 
masters like Gerarde, by whom it is extolled 
as " deserving the chiefest and most principall 
place among all floures whatsoever." How 
would Herrick and Waller have hymned its 
praises could they have beheld and savored 
the roses of to-day ! For what improvements 
have not been made in the Queen of Flowers 
since the Elizabethan poets sang, " Go, lovely 
rose," and " Gather ye rosebuds while ye 
may !" 

So many varieties now exist, however, that 

growers should exercise redoubled care in 

sending out anything as a novelty which does 

not possess intrinsic merits of its own. It 

2 



1 8 INTR OD UC TION. 

may still be reiterated that among the thou- 
sands of varieties included in the genus Rosa, 
there exist far too many similar colors, and, 
equally, too many varieties whose color fades 
with the first warm sun, though many of the 
latter class prove more satisfactory when 
grown in a moist, cool climate. There 
might be an abundant weeding of varieties 
possessing a purplish-magenta shade, to the 
decided advantage of both growers and gar- 
dens. Too little attention also is paid in the 
raising of new varieties and in deciding the 
merits of exhibition roses, both here and 
abroad, to one of the most precious virtues of 
the Rose— fragrance — 

. . . The coming rose, 
The very fairest flower, they say, that blows, 
Such scent she hath. 

A blue rose has not yet been produced. 
But it is not improbable that in the evolution 
of this favored flower, a variety with a pro- 
nounced bluish cast, at least, will some day 
smile upon its sisterhood, the result of the 
skill of the hybridizer, or the work perchance 
of the wandering bee. The most recent ex- 
periments of the hybridizer, in this case Lord 
Penzance, is a cross known as hybrid sweet- 
briars, the fragrance of the leaves of the par- 



IN TR OD UC TION. 1 9 

ent species being transmitted to the hybrid. 
Of these seedling sweet-briars, the result of 
various crosses, those crossed with hybrid 
perpetuals or remontants, hybrid Chinas, and 
hybrid Bourbons, have proved to be free au- 
tumnal bloomers with highly-scented flowers 
in clusters, a scent quite independent of that 
of the foliage. These flowers, to which an 
award of merit was accorded by the Royal 
Horticultural Society the past season, range 
over many beautiful shades of color, and al- 
though they have not shown great tendency 
to become double, two rows of petals being 
the maximum, the idea of achieving double- 
ness has not been given up. 

As to the question of budded roses versus 
those grown on their own roots, there still 
exists a difference of opinion. In the case of 
certain kinds desirable in themselves, but not 
over-robust in habit, the budded rose, i.e., 
the variety budded on Manetti stock, endures 
better the heat of summer, produces more 
abundant bloom, and forms a more vigorous 
plant. Of roses for forcing in this country, 
the following may be mentioned as represen- 
tative kinds, although in respect to choice of 
varieties, florists differ somewhat, in different 
localities; while even in the same locality 
some succeed admirably with certain kinds, 



INTRODUCTION. 



where others fail. A large proportion of the 
following are grown by nearly all leading 
florists throughout the country : Teas: Bride, 
Bon Silene, Catherine Mermet, Mme. Cusin, 
Mme. Hoste, Mme. de Watteville, Niphetos, 
Papa Gontier, Perle des Jardins, Sunset. 
Hybrid Teas: Duchess of Albany, La France, 
Meteor, Souvenir de Wooton. Hybrid China: 
Magna Charta. Hybrid Remontant: American 
Beauty, Anne de Diesbach, Baroness Roths- 
child, General Jacqueminot, Mabel Morrison, 
Mme. Gabriel Luizet, Mrs. John Laing, Paul 
Neyron, Ulrich Brunner. 

When well grown under glass, few roses 
equal Souvenir de la Malmaison for its deli- 
cate refined beauty, and the delicious attar-of- 
rose fragrance exhaled by its flesh-colored pet- 
als — a fragrance observable in a less degree in 
Caroline de Sansal and some other varieties. 
Marechal Niel, in like manner, has no equal in 
its splendid yellow full-blown flower, and its 
highly Tea-scented perfume ; but it is unfortu- 
nately limited to a single lode of gold during 
the season. With regard to odors, great vari- 
ety exists among the different kinds — some 
recalling a luscious fruit in their particular 
fragrance, others exhaling a spicy aroma, and 
others still comparable to nothing else but 
the pure uncloying odor of the Rose itself. 



INTRODUCTION. 



As for out-of-door roses, who may state the 
favorites among so many of the fair? Let 
each one decide their merits for himself ; and, 
revelling in their wealth of beauty as it un- 
folds with each recurring blossom-tide, re- 
peat with Omar : 

Look to the blowing Rose about us — " Lo, 
Laughing," she says, "into the world I blow, 
At once the silken tassel of my Purse 
Tear, and its Treasure on the Garden throw. " 

George H. Ellwanger. 
Rochester, Oct., 1892. 



PREFACE. 



HERE have been so many works 
on the Rose produced within the 
past twenty years, several of them 
being very valuable and interest- 
ing, that a few words may not be out of place, 
to explain why it was thought desirable to 
add to the number. The most useful of these 
compilations are English works, but the dif- 
ferences of climate, etc., render necessary, 
for this country, a modification and change 
in the directions for culture. The same rea- 
sons will lead us to select a somewhat differ- 
ent list of varieties for general cultivation 
from what would be chosen by English Ro- 
sarians ; besides all this, there is the expect- 
ant feeling which impels all authors, that the 
half has not been told, that in a subject like 
this no compilation can ever be deemed per- 



24 PREFACE. 



feet or final. New varieties, new classes and 
types, are being produced; by experience 
we learn that modifications of old-established 
principles are often necessary, and therefore 
fresh gleanings from the Rose garden will 
ever be acceptable and interesting when 
coming from observing and loving devotees 
of La Reine. 

While, therefore, this book neither expects 
nor desires to supersede its predecessors, it 
asks admission to their fellowship, hoping 
that it contains enough that is distinctive and 
of merit to be considered companionable. 

H. B. E. 

Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, 1882. 



THE ROSE. 



I. 

CLASSIFICATION. 




O two books, treating of the rose, 
exactly agree as to the different 
groups under which roses should 
be classed, and those who expect 
some slight variance in this work from what 
has preceded it, in other compilations, will 
not be wrong in their conjectures. 

There has been such an infinitude of 
crosses made between different groups, by- 
means natural and artificial, that it would be 
rather remarkable to find two writers who 
would assign the same varieties through- 
out, to the same classes. So it is that, 
by the various conjectures and opinions of 
the different authors, much confusion and 
perplexity has been engendered. Some, 
in order that the character of a variety 
25 



26 THE ROSE. 



may be known as nearly as possible, form 
many groups, classes, divisions, and sub- 
divisions — enough to make the head of 
the reader swim in a sea of perplexity; 
others, in order to avoid a multiplicity of 
groups, narrow the classification to a few 
divisions, and, in so doing, bury completely 
the distinguishing characteristics of a variety. 
The former, besides arranging Hybrid Per- 
petuals into groups of Hybrid Noisettes and 
Hybrid Teas, further divide them into such 
groups as Hybrid Bourbons, Rose de Roso- 
mane, Rose de Trianon, etc. The latter 
would place all these among Hybrid Perpet- 
uals. I confess to leaning towards this lat- 
ter class ; but where we have distinguishing 
characteristics that are very marked, and 
other new varieties of the same or similar 
peculiarities are following, it seems desir- 
able to provide a distinctive name and divi- 
sion for them. Thus, when Guillot intro- 
duced La France, it was appropriately placed 
among the Hybrid Perpetual Roses, although 
known to have originated from the seed of a 
Tea Rose. It would have been unwise to 
make a class for the exclusive benefit of this 
beauty, trusting that worthy companions 
might in the future be found for her; but 
now that we have Cannes La Coquette, Ches- 



CLA SSIFICA TION. 



27 



hunt Hybrid, Mme. Alexandre Bernaix, and 
those of Mr. Bennett's raising, it seems not 
only desirable but necessary to group them 
by themselves. The same is the case with 
the Hybrid Noisettes ; both of these classes 
are being added to annually, and are now of 
very great importance. On the other hand, 
such groups as the Hybrid Bourbons are 
rapidly receding from prominence, and in 
order to simplify matters their disintegration 
should be made complete ; the different varie- 
ties that are deemed worthy of being retained 
can be placed among the Hybrid Perpetuals 
or the Bourbons, according to their more 
prominent characteristics. 



II. 



THE FAMILIES OF ROSES IN GENERAL CULTI- 
VATION. 

PART I.— SUMMER ROSES.— Those 
which bloom but once during the season, 
in the months of June and July. 

Class i. — Climbing or Sarmentous Roses. 

The Ayrshire Rose {Rosa Arvensis Bybrt- 
da). — These roses, of English origin, are of 
slender, rapid growth, having five leaflets, 
often running fifteen or twenty feet in one 
season, and are of use in covering buildings, 
unsightly objects, etc. They are somewhat 
less hardy and less valuable than the hybrid 
climbers and prairie roses. They do not re- 
quire rich soil, and should be pruned very 
little, or not at all. Bennett's Seedling, 
Queen of Ayrshires, Queen of Belgians, and 
Ruga, are the leading sorts. 

The Banksia Rose {Rosa Banksice) is a na- 
tive of China, named in honor of Lady Banks 
by the botanist Robert Brown. It was 
28 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 29 

brought to England in 1807. The flowers, 
very small, resembling double cherry- 
blossoms, are produced in clusters early in 
the season, and have, generally, a decided 
violet perfume; indeed I doubt whether 
many persons, if blindfolded, could by the 
odor distinguish them from violets. The 
wood is very smooth, slender, and of rapid 
growth. The leaflets are often but three in 
number, are long, dark, and lustrous. Not 
being hardy they can have no great value at 
the North, but in the Southern States they 
form a very desirable group. The best 
known sorts are Alba Grandiflora, Fortunei, 
White and Yellow. They should be spar- 
ingly pruned. 

Boursault Rose {Rosa Alpina). — This is a 
distinct but worthless group, which receives 
its name from M. Boursault, a Parisian rose 
amateur. Most of the varieties are free from 
thorns and have long, flexible, reddish- 
colored shoots. Amadis, or Crimson Bour- 
sault, is the one most esteemed. 

The Evergreen Rose {Rosa Sempervirens), 
with seven leaflets, has much in common 
with the Ayrshire, but is characterized by 
dark green foliage, which is retained till dis- 
lodged by heavy frosts ; they are of the same 
hardiness as the Ayrshires and require the 



3o THE ROSE. 



same freedom from the pruning-knife ; the 
knife should only be applied to cut out en- 
tirely shoots that require thinning. There 
have been several pretty varieties of this 
group sent out, but Felicite Perpetuelle is 
perhaps the best representative, and the only 
one we would commend for cultivation. 

Hybrid Climbing Roses {Rosa Hybrida Scan- 
dens). — This class takes in those sorts for 
which it is difficult to find a group where 
they can be appropriately placed ; it gathers 
in waifs and is a kind of orphan asylum, a 
place of refuge for the abandoned and un- 
known. No varieties in this group are of any 
great value; the old sorts, Mme. d'Arblay 
and the Garland, once the best known, are 
now almost forgotten. Those which are 
most grown are Fortune's Double Yellow, re- 
cently sent out under the name Beauty of 
Glazenwood, and La Saumonee. 

The Many- Flowered Rose {Rosa Multijlora), 
five to seven leaflets, is a native of Japan, in- 
troduced into England by Thunberg in 1804. 
It flowers in clusters, and continues for some 
time in bloom ; the flowers are double, small, 
and of no great beauty. The shoots have 
comparatively few thorns, which come in 
pairs. De la Grifferaie is in England con- 
sidered valuable as a stock on which to work 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 31 

the climbing teas and some other roses ; we 
believe it may be good for this, it is not good 
for anything else. Grevillia, or Seven Sis- 
ters, generally sent out under the latter 
name, is propagated to considerable extent in 
this country, and is principally called for by 
tree peddlers, who make large sales of it, by 
means of exaggerated colored plates, accom- 
panied by untruthful descriptions. It is as 
tender as the Tea-scented Noisettes, and is in 
every way inferior to them. 

1'he Prairie Rose {Rosa Setigera or Rubi- 
folia [erroneous]) is much the most valuable 
of all the non-remontant climbers. It is 
indigenous to the country, being found in 
Michigan and many of the Western States. 
Seeds of the common variety were sown 
about 1836, by Messrs. Samuel and John Feast 
of Baltimore. The seedlings from this sow- 
ing were fertilized by surrounding flowers, 
from some of the best varieties of roses 
grown at the time, and from this lot came 
Baltimore Belle and Queen of the Prairies, 
the two best-known sorts. The foliage is 
rough, large, 5 to 7 leaflets, generally of a 
dark green color; , for rapidity of growth 
they equal or excel the Ayrshires, and sur- 
pass all other climbers in hardiness. They 
bloom in large clusters late in the season, 



32 THE ROSE. 



when other summer roses are past and have 
gone their way, and succeed over a greater 
extent of territory than any other climbers. 
Although decidedly inferior in quality to 
the Tea-Noisettes and Climbing Teas, their 
hardiness and superior vigor of growth make 
them of great value where the more beautiful 
members of the sisterhood are too delicate in 
constitution to be made useful. When, then, 
it is desired to cover walls, trellises, old trees, 
unsightly buildings, etc., with roses, none 
will be found to do the work so efficiently as 
varieties of the Prairie Rose. It is very de- 
sirable that further development of this im- 
portant class should be found; we should 
endeavor, by artificial fertilization, to pro- 
duce hybrids, blending Hybrid Perpetual, 
Bourbon, and Noisette with the Prairies. 
This, with the more double varieties, is some- 
what difficult, as I found in experiments made 
under glass last winter. I attempted to fer- 
tilize blooms of Baltimore Belle, Gem of the 
Prairies and Queen of the Prairies, by differ- 
ent varieties, such as General Jacqueminot, 
Safrano and Solfaterre, but the only seed I 
obtained was from one bloom of Gem of the 
Prairies fertilized by General Jacqueminot. 
The pistils of the Prairie Roses are glued to- 
gether, as it were, and make fertilization 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 33 

very difficult; Gem of the Prairies, itself a 
hybrid, is the only one on which seed is often 
found in the open air, therefore we should 
probably be far more successful in making 
crosses by using some of the more single 
varieties. 

The most desirable of the class are Anna 
Maria, Baltimore Belle, Gem of the Prairies 
(the only variety that is fragrant), Queen of 
the Prairies, and Triumphant. Baltimore 
Belle is the most beautiful, but seems to 
contain some Noisette blood, which makes 
it less hardy than the others ; it is sufficiently 
robust, however, to withstand all ordinary 
winters. The Prairie Roses, like all climb- 
ers, should be sparingly pruned. 

Class 2. 

Austrian Brier {Rosa Lutea). — This is a na- 
tive of the South of Europe, having single 
flowers, of a yellow or coppery-yellow color; 
leaflets 7 to 9 in number. The shoots are of 
a chocolate color, well fortified with spines. 
It is very hardy, and from its color and hardi- 
ness offers inducements to the hybridizers, 
but they will find some difficulty in getting 
it to seed. These roses must not be severely 
pruned or there will be an utter absence of 
flowers; it is only necessary to cut away 
3 



34 THE ROSE. 



shoots that are decayed or need thinning and 
merely pinch the tops of shoots that are left. 
It is a small but interesting family, and gives 
us the only hardy yellow roses that are of 
value. There are three varieties worth 
growing, the Copper, Harrisonii, and Persian 
Yellow. The foliage of this class has a slight 
odor like the Sweet Brier. 

The Da?nask Rose {Rosa Damascene?) is 
found native about Damascus and various 
portions of Syria, from whence it was brought 
to Europe about 1573. It is in a large degree 
the founder of the Hybrid Perpetual Roses. 
From this class, and also from the Provence, 
most of the rose-water is distilled. The 
Damask have pale green leaves (5 to 7 leaf- 
lets), green shoots, with numerous spines, 
are of vigorous growth, and very hardy ; the 
flowers are mostly flat, of light colors, and 
very fragrant. They need but little pruning. 

Mme. Hardy and Mme. Zoutman are the 
only ones worth cultivating; they are both 
very valuable white roses, albeit the first- 
named is "green-eyed, like jealousy, en- 
vious, it may be, of the latter, who, though 
not of such a clear complexion, is free from 
ocular infirmities." 

The French Rose {Rosa Gallicd)* in spite of 
its name, has not been traced to any country, 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION 35 

but is generally credited with being a native 
of Europe. It is very hardy, of compact 
growth, requiring close pruning. 

The varieties in this class have very dark 
leaflets, 5 to 7 in number; though beautiful, 
they are superseded by various Hybrid Per- 
petuals of the same shade, and can no longer 
be recommended except for large collections. 
The best of them are Boule de Nanteuil, 
Oeillet Flamand, an odd, striped variety, and 
Triomphe de Jaussens. 

The Hybrid China Rose {Rosa Indica Hybri- 
da) has arisen from various crosses among 
the French, Provence and other summer 
kinds, with the China, Noisette, and Bourbon 
Roses. For a long time the varieties of this 
class were our most beautiful and cherished 
roses, but, like nearly all of the'summer sorts, 
they are outshone and outlasted by various 
Remontants. In this connection it may be 
remarked that about one-fourth of the roses 
which are sent out as Hybrid Perpetuals 
should properly be placed among the Hybrid 
Chinas, for the flowers which they produce 
in autumn are the exception and not the rule. 
A Hybrid Perpetual may be described as a 
Hybrid China which blooms more than once 
during the season ; if this classification were 
carried out, we should to-day be growing 



36 THE ROSE. 



many more Hybrid Chinas and many less 
Hybrid Perpetuals. Raisers dislike to call a 
new variety Hybrid China, if by any stretch 
of the imagination, or from having seen a 
bloom during the autumn, they think people 
can be persuaded that they are getting a 
Remontant. To call a new variety a summer 
rose is to sound its death-knell, and no 
amount of adjectives in the superlative de- 
gree can resuscitate or afford it sufficient 
stimulus for more than a brief existence. 
People no longer buy summer roses, at least 
ninety-nine out of one hundred do not, but 
unless the description of the raiser particularly 
states to the contrary (that they are free au- 
tumnals) they are, all the same, pretty likely 
to get a number of them, and in the course 
of a few years will discover that many beauti- 
ful roses which they bought for Hybrid Per- 
petuals are simply summer roses which oc- 
casionally, or very rarely, grudgingly yield a 
few autumn flowers. In this book, therefore, 
many varieties will be found described as 
Hybrid Chinas, which are catalogued, by 
nurserymen, as Hybrid Perpetuals. 

On account of the diverse parentage of the 
varieties in this group, coming from so many 
different classes, there is great dissimilarity 
in the appearance of the different sorts, but 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 37 

most of them are rapid growers, with long, 
flexible shoots; smooth, luxuriant foliage; 
large, rather numerous, thorns ; globular or 
cup-shaped flowers, which are freely produced 
in their season. Those of vigorous growth, 
and most of them are such, require but little 
pruning. Many of them make beautiful Pillar 
Roses and can be used as climbers in posi- 
tions where extremely rapid growth is not 
required; in such places they make the best 
summer climbers that we have. 

14 It is time, I think, for some alterations 
in the nomenclature and classification of the 
rose. When summer roses — roses, that is, 
which bloom but once — were almost the only 
varieties grown, and when hybridizers found 
a splendid market for novelties in any quan- 
tities, new always, and distinct in name, the 
subdivisions yet remaining in some of our 
catalogues were interesting, no doubt, to 
our forefathers, and more intelligible, let us 
hope, than they are to us. Let us believe 
that it was patent to their shrewder sense 
why pink roses were called Albas, and roses 
whose hues were white and lemon were de- 
scribed as Damask. Let us suppose that 
they could distinguish at any distance the 
Gallica from the Provence Rose, and that 
when they heard the words Hybrid China, 



38 THE ROSE. 



instead of being reminded, as I am, of a cross 
between a Cochin and a Dorking fowl, they 
recognized an infinity of distinctive attributes 
which estrange that variety from the Hybrid 
Bourbon in the most palpable and objective 
form. But now that these summer roses are 
no longer paramount — rapidly disappearing, 
on the contrary, before the superior and more 
enduring beauty of those varieties which 
bloom in summer and autumn too ; now that 
several divisions formerly recognized are 
gone from the catalogues, and others include 
but two or three able-bodied roses on their 
muster-roll — it would be advisable, I think, 
to ignore altogether these minor distinctions, 
and to classify as summer roses all those 
which bloom but once. Not without a pain- 
ful sigh can we older rosarians witness the 
removal of our old landmarks — not without a 
loyal sorrow do we say farewell to friends 
who have brightened our lives with so much 
gladness ; but we cannot long remember our 
losses, surrounded as we are by such abun- 
dant gains, and the tears of memory must 
pass away as quickly as the dew in summer."* 
We think within a few years the suggestion 
of Canon Hole will be partially carried out 
by nurserymen in their catalogues, but it 

* S. Reynolds Hole. 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION 39 

would yet be well to keep in separate groups 
the Summer Climbers, the Austrian Brier, 
and Moss Roses. What remains of such old 
classes as the French, Provence, Damask, 
Hybrid Bourbon, etc., may well be grouped 
with the Hybrid Chinas. 

The best of the old Hybrid China roses are 
Chenedolle, so called from a member of the 
Chamber of Deputies in France, a vivid red of 
large size; Coupe d'Hebe (who would not 
quaff nectar from this?) ; Mme. Plantier, a val- 
uable white rose for massing and for hedges; 
and Paul Ricaut, still one of the most beau- 
tiful roses — alas that it blooms but once ! 

The Moss Rose {Rosa Ce?itifolia Muscosa) is 
believed to be a sport from the Provence 
Rose, and was introduced to England from 
Holland, about the beginning of the seven- 
teenth century. They are distinguished 
from other roses by the moss-like substance 
which surrounds the flower-buds, and by the 
marked Provence scent. The shoots are 
thickly covered with small spines. They are 
very subject, as a class, to mildew, and, with 
a few exceptions, require close pruning, rich 
soil, and high culture. On account of their 
beautiful buds they are great favorites with 
every one, and form decidedly the most 
valuable group of all the summer roses. The 



40 THE ROSE. 



finest varieties of the race are Common Moss, 
Crested, and Prolific or Gracilis. Most of 
the kinds have 7 leaflets. 

The Provence Rose {Rosa Centifolia Provin- 
cialis), or Cabbage Rose, is supposed to have 
been known to the Romans, and derives its 
botanical name from the great number of 
petals or flower-leaves. Its origin is not 
known, but growing abundantly in Provence, 
the South of France, it has received that 
name, though the French themselves always 
call it by the botanical name of Rose a Cent- 
Feuilles. Their habit is somewhat drooping 
and straggling, the foliage massive; the 
flowers are generally of globular form and of 
delightful scent, so that to say a variety is as 
fragrant as the Cabbage Rose is commenda- 
tion enough, so far as scent is concerned. 
This class demands good culture and close 
pruning ; though but few in numbers, it was 
formerly an important group, and will ever 
be remembered through the Common Pro- 
vence, or Cabbage Rose, a variety which, 
though blossoming but once, should be found 
in every collection of any size. None others 
are worth cultivating except the highly 
scented Crested Provence, which is better 
known as Crested Moss and appropriately 
placed with the Mosses. 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 41 

The Sweet-Brier {Rosa Rubiginosa), or 
Eglantine, with 7 leaflets, is found growing 
wild in different countries, but the variety 
known as Common Sweet-Brier, a native of 
England, is the only one worth growing. It 
is almost needless to remark that the pink 
flowers, which are single, possess interest 
only for the botanist or artist ; it is the leaves 
of the plant which are so attractive to gen- 
eral cultivators. After a warm spring 
shower, or when moistened by the morning 
or evening dew, the foliage gives out a de- 
lightful perfume, sui generis, equalled by 
few rose-blooms. Any garden of consider- 
able size should certainly contain a few plants 
of this favorite rose of the poets ; they may be 
planted individually, or in hedges, as they 
bear clipping without injury. 

The Scotch Rose {Rosa Sflinosissima), called 
by the French, Rosier Pimprenelle, is, true 
to the botanical name, the most thorny of all 
roses; but, though possessing some merit, 
has almost passed out of cultivation. It is a 
native of England and Scotland, and many 
varieties have been raised from seed and sent 
out by Scotch nurserymen, the names of 
which are quite forgotten, most of them de- 
servedly so. They are of compact growth, 
very hardy, generally 9 leaflets, and produce 



42 THE ROSE. 



small flowers very early in the season ; they 
require but little pruning. The two varieties 
which are perhaps most grown are two hy- 
brids, Stan well's Perpetual and Souvenir of 
Henry Clay (raised in America) ; these give 
a few flowers in autumn in addition to those 
in spring. 

PART IL— PERPETUAL OR AUTUM- 
NAL ROSES.— Blooming more than 
once during the season, many of them 
continuously from June to November, or 
until cut off by the frost. 

Class i. — Sarmentous, Climbing or Run- 
ning Roses. 

All of these will thrive in any ordinary, 
good garden-soil, that is free from standing 
water. The more vigorous varieties should 
have but little pruning ; generally to thin out 
branches that crowd the others will be all 
the knife-work required. 

Hybrid Climbing Roses {Rosa Hybrida Scan- 
dens) are of modern origin and come from 
various sources; the greater number are 
sports of various Hybrid Perpetuals ; several 
of them have an extra vigor of growth at the 
expense of freedom and size of bloom, but 
one variety, Climbing Jules Margottin, is not 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTJVA TION. 43 

only one of the strongest growers among 
them, but yields fully as many flowers and 
of quite as good quality, as the parent plant. 
None of them make growth enough to cover 
large buildings, but for growing on a trellis 
or pillar they are very desirable. We are 
likely to have many valuable additions to 
this class in the near future ; it is already an 
important group. Besides Climbing Jules 
Margottin, the most valuable members of the 
group which we have tested are Reine Marie 
Henriette, Princess Louise Victoria, and 
Climbing Victor Verdier. The former was 
raised from the Climbing Tea, Mme. Berard, 
fertilized by General Jacqueminot; it is a 
highly scented red rose, somewhat resem- 
bling Cheshunt Hybrid, and though not a free 
autumnal sort will give a number of blooms 
throughout the summer months. Climbing 
Victor Verdier differs mainly from the parent 
in being of stronger growth, the flowers are 
somewhat smaller, and less freely produced. 
Climbing Edward Morren, Bessie Johnson, 
and Mdlle. Eugenie Verdier are new varieties 
which we have not seen in flower but are 
well spoken of. Other varieties in the class 
are Catherine Bell and Red Dragon. Glory 
of Cheshunt, raised from Charles Lefebvre, 
is a new variety sent out by G. Paul, of Ches- 



44 THE ROSE. 



hunt, England. We saw this in flower, dur- 
ing a visit to Cheshunt in August, 1880, and 
were very favorably impressed with it; 
should it succeed as well hsre as there, it 
will be the best rose of the class. It is a 
vivid crimson, freely produced, and of vig- 
orous growth ; it must be a natural hybrid, 
or cross, as no seedling of Charles Lefebvre 
yet produced will compare in vigor of growth 
with this new sort. 

The Micro fihylla or Small-Leaved Rose {Rosa 
Microphylld) is a native of China, and was 
brought from there to England in 1823. The 
leaf-stalks are covered with numerous small 
leaflets, which give a name to the class. 
They are not quite hardy and have with one 
exception but little value. Alba or Alba 
Odorata seems to have some Tea blood; the 
flowers are a pale yellowish white, often 
pure white, and highly scented. This is a 
valuable rose south of Washington. 

The Noisette or Champney Rose {Rosa Mos- 
chata Hybrida) is of American origin. P'rom 
the seed of the White Musk Rose fertilized 
by the Blush China (Bengal) John Champney, 
of Charleston, South Carolina, raised a variety 
which was called Champney's Pink Cluster. 
A few years after, Philippe Noisette, a florist, 
also of Charleston, raised from the seed of 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 45 

Champney's Pink Cluster a blush variety, 
which he sent to his brother, Louis Noisette, 
of Paris, France, under the name of Noisette 
Rose, not giving credit to Mr. Champney, as 
the originator of the class, which has ever 
since borne the wrong title of Noisette Rose. 
Louis Noisette received it about the year 
1817. These roses, originally, had the 
characteristics in a great measure of the old 
Musk Rose, such as scent and a tendency to 
bloom in large clusters. The group is natu- 
rally of strong growth and nearly hardy, but 
the varieties which are now commonly grown 
have generally Tea blood in them, and have 
therefore lost much of their hardiness as well 
as the habit of blooming in clusters. 

Among the true Noisettes, Aimee Vibert 
(Scandens) is decidedly the most valuable; 
the flowers are small but pure white, suffi- 
ciently full, of beautiful form ; the foliage is 
a dark lustrous green; growth vigorous. 
Others belonging to this division are Admiral 
Rigney or Eugene Pirolle, Beauty of Green- 
mount, Caroline Marniesse, Fellenberg, 
Ophirie, Pumila, Washington, Woodland 
Marguerite. None of these will have inter- 
est for small cultivators, excepting perhaps 
Pumila, and this is somewhat more tender 
than the rest. Among the Tea-scented Noi- 



46 THE ROSE. 



settes we have some superb roses, which 
have far more substance, and are much more 
beautiful, than those named above, albeit less 
hardy. They make magnificent climbers 
under glass, and some of them succeed fairly 
well at the North out of doors, if given shel- 
tered positions. In the Southern States they 
are by far the finest climbers that can be 
grown. Marechal Niel, which is said to have 
been raised from Isabella Gray, according to 
general opinion, is at once the best Noisette, 
the finest yellow, and the most beautiful 
variety of any class that has ever been sent 
out. Chromatella is another superb yellow, 
in beauty of flower but a few degrees re- 
moved from the Marechal ; but she is shy of 
her charms, and unless carefully treated will 
not display her beauty. If you would have 
flowers in profusion from any of these roses, 
you must keep away the pruning-knife, ex- 
cepting when it is necessary to cut away 
shoots altogether. Dr. Kane and Isabella 
Gray are two lovely roses of American origin 
which demand the same skill in management 
as Chromatella. Solfaterre is the most use- 
ful yellow of them all ; it is hardier, of better 
habit, and more certain to flower than any, 
and the blooms are but little inferior. Be- 
sides all this, it makes the best stock on 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVA TION. 47 

which to bud Teas, or Hybrids from the 
Teas, of any that I am acquainted with, sur- 
passing that excellent stock and parent 
variety, Lamarque. I should advise all per- 
sons who wish to grow Tea Roses, under 
glass, planted in borders, to put out plants of 
Solfaterre, and on these, after they have 
made sufficient growth, to bud all but the 
vigorous growing Teas. Marechal Niel and 
all the Gloire de Dijon type of Teas are im- 
proved by being worked on this stock. Be- 
ing much less hardy than the Common Brier, 
it would not be' so good a foster-parent for 
the Teas which are worked out of doors, but 
under glass I know of nothing equal to it. 
Lamarque is a superior old white rose, which 
has somewhat gone out of cultivation; but 
this should not be, for it retains the cluster- 
ing tendency of the race and produces an 
immense quantity of flowers during the 
season. It is a noble rose. Nearly all the 
fine Tea-Noisettes are traced back to Lamar- 
que. Besides those already named, we have 
Celine Forestier, Mme. Caroline Kuster, 
Triomphe de Rennes, and W. A. Richardson, 
all fine yellow roses, of healthy habit and 
easy of cultivation. 

The Polyantha Remontant Rose {Rosa Poly- 
anthd) was brought from Japan about the year 



48 THE ROSE. 



1865, by Robert Fortune, and is distinguished 
from all other classes by its panicled blooms. 
This peculiarity is not generally retained, 
however, when crossed with other roses, at 
least not in most of the varieties which have 
been sent out as seedlings from it. M. Jean 
Sisley, the eminent horticulturist of Lyons, 
says of this class : " It appears not to have 
crossed any of the other types with its own 
pollen. In a bed I made two years ago, with 
the seed in question (without practising arti- 
ficial fertilization), I found pure Eglantines. 
I would therefore recommend rosarians to 
try artificial fertilization on the other types, 
as, if we could get Tea-scented Bourbons, 
and Perpetual Hybrids with flowers in pan- 
icles, we should change the whole aspect of 
the rose garden, and in a most interesting 
way modify the rose genus." 

We believe some of the French rosarians 
have acted on this suggestion, and that they 
have in a measure been successful in produc- 
ing roses with these characteristics, as in the 
two varieties Paquerette raised by Guillot- 
fils, and Anne Marie de Montravel raised by 
Rambaux and Dubreuil. In August, 1880, 
when in Lyons, we saw a very pretty variety 
of this group raised from a seedling of Poly- 
antha crossed by a Tea. The blooms, which 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 49 

are of a very delicate salmon-pink, are freely- 
produced and highly scented. If it proves to 
be of good habit, it will be a charming 
variety for bouquets, etc. It has since been 
named Mdlle. Cecile Brunner. These three 
sorts are the only ones of value as yet sent 
out ; all are remontant, which is not the case 
with the parent variety. 

The Climbing Tea Rose (Rosa Indica Odo- 
rata Scandens) is a class, or division, so dis- 
tinct from the other Teas, that it requires a 
place for itself. Nearly all the varieties cat- 
alogued in this division are descendants of 
Gloire de Dijon, but hybridizers are making 
great progress of late, and it is probable we 
shall soon have varieties from other strains 
and outcrosses to be added to the list of 
Climbing Teas. The origin of Gloire de 
Dijon is unknown. It was raised in the 
South of France by Jacotot, and sent out in 
1853, creating a great furor in rose-circles. 
My opinion is, that we have in this a natural 
hybrid produced from the seed of some strong 
growing Tea, or Tea-Noisette which had been 
impregnated by a Bourbon of robust habit. 
Gloire de Dijon and its offspring are of vigor- 
ous growth when once established, but the 
young plants require a long time (if grown 
from cuttings) before they have vitality 
4 



50 THE ROSE. 



enough to push into strong growth. It is 
therefore a great advantage to obtain them 
worked on some other stock, such as Solfa- 
terre, De la Grifferaie, or seedling Brier. 
The foliage is very large, thick, and lustrous ; 
thorns comparatively few; the flowers are 
of large size, globular shape, full, and with 
some fragrance. None of the progeny are 
quite equal to the mother variety in freedom 
of bloom, hardiness, or fragrance; Marie 
Berton, a superb pale yellow rose, ranks 
second. Next in order come Belle Lyonnaise, 
Mme. Trifle, and Mme. Berard, this last being 
too much like Gloire de Dijon to be valuable 
in a small collection. The new variety, Reine 
Marie Henriette, which might be classed with 
these, has already been mentioned and de- 
scribed among the Hybrid Climbers. This 
sort, unlike the Gloire de Dijon race, will 
make strong plants grown from cuttings, 
rooting and growing as freely as General 
Jacqueminot. Besides these varieties, we 
have climbing Devoniensis, a sport from old 
Devoniensis and identical with it in flower, 
but of much stronger growth. Except Climb- 
ing Devoniensis they are more than half- 
hardy, and will do well out of doors in posi- 
tions that are sheltered. 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 51 



Class 2. — Autumnal non-Climbers. 

The Bengal or China Rose {Rosa Indica) is 
a native of China which was brought to 
Europe some time during the eighteenth 
century. Two varieties were introduced, 
the Blush China and Crimson China; from 
these a great number of seedlings have been 
raised, many of them crosses from Teas. 
Two groups are often made of these roses, 
but there is no necessity of this, as very few 
differ sufficiently to make two divisions de- 
sirable. They are of moderate, branching 
growth, with foliage and flowers both small. 
They require a rich soil and close pruning ; 
thus favored, they give perhaps a greater 
quantity of flowers during the season than 
any other class. They are not hardy and 
have no fragrance, but in spite of this are a 
very valuable group on account of the pro- 
fusion of crimson buds which are furnished by 
such sorts as Agrippina. A bed of Agrippina, 
on a lawn, is a most desirable thing; none of 
the other crimsons are quite equal to this old 
sort, from whatever point of view they be 
considered; among them, we note Eugene 
Beauharnais, Fabvier, Louis Philippe. The 
leading varieties of lighter shades are Cels 
Multiflora, Clara Sylvain, Ducher, and Mme. 



THE ROSE. 



Bureau. Two varieties of the class which 
have marked peculiarities are Viridiflora or 
Viridiscens, and James Sprunt. The former 
is probably a sport from the old Blush, or one 
of its immediate descendants ; its peculiarity 
consists in green flowers which are freely 
produced; though curious, it is not attrac- 
tive, and it possesses little value, save as 
a curiosity. James Sprunt originated in the 
year 1858. Rev. James M. Sprunt, D.D., 
a Presbyterian clergyman of Kenansville, 
North Carolina, divided some strong plants 
of Agrippina. Afterwards he observed a 
single shoot from one of these plants growing 
vigorously without flowers or branches; it 
grew over fifteen feet before it showed any 
flower buds, the rest of the plant retaining 
its normal characteristics. This shoot 
branched out very freely the following year, 
and cuttings taken from it invariably retained 
the same climbing habit. The flowers of 
James Sprunt are somewhat larger and fuller 
than Agrippina, but are, of course, not pro- 
duced till the plant has made considerable 
growth. It is a valuable greenhouse climber. 
What are called Fairy Roses are miniature 
Bengals ; we do not consider them of any 
value, the Bengals are small enough. 

The Bourbon Rose {Rosa Bourboniana) was 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 53 

obtained from the Isle of Bourbon and taken 
to France (either seeds or plants) in the 
early part of the century. It was noticed 
growing in a hedge of Bengal and Damask 
Perpetual Roses, and on examination proved 
distinct from either, but seemed to have 
characteristics which pertained to both. It 
has been considered therefore as a natural 
hybrid, a product from these two groups. 
Except in the case of varieties strongly im- 
pregnated with Tea blood, this class is 
sufficiently hardy to withstand all but ex- 
traordinary winters ; the tops may be black- 
ened by the frost, but shoots will push forth 
from the lower buds. The varieties vary 
greatly in growth and other features, but 
most of them are of vigorous habit, and have 
dark, lustrous foliage. The flowers are gen- 
erally of light shades and found in clusters, 
and are specially valuable in the autumn, 
when so many Hybrid Perpetuals belie their 
name. But it must not be overlooked that 
many Bourbon Roses are also shy autumnals, 
though mention of this is seldom made in 
any of the catalogues, and the impression is 
therefore general that all Bourbon Roses pro- 
duce flowers freely in the autumn. There 
are several well-known sorts, like Dupetit 
Thouars, Sir J. Paxton, etc., that will not 



54 THE ROSE. 



produce flowers in the fall of the year at all, 
unless specially pruned and treated. Those 
which are of moderate growth require rich 
soil and close pruning; such are Hermosa, 
Queen of Bourbons, Souvenir de la Malmai- 
son, and the new Queen of Bedders, all ex- 
cellent varieties worthy a place in a small 
collection. The stronger growers need to 
have less wood removed, but must have 
moderate pruning. The best of them are 
Apolline, Cornice de Tarn-et-Garonne, 
Duchesse de Thuringe, Edward Desfosses, 
George Peabody, and Malmaison. If these 
have the shoots moderately cut back so soon 
as each is through flowering, they will give a 
succession of flowers from June until cut off 
by the frost. Souvenir de la Malmaison is 
the general favorite of this group, but I con- 
sider Apolline as the most valuable; it 
flowers with the same freedom as Hermosa, 
when cut back as directed above, and has 
large cup-shaped blossoms of rosy-carmine 
that are very attractive. No collection can be 
complete with this variety left out. 

The Hybrid Noisette Rose {Rosa JN oisettiana 
Hybridd) is a comparatively new group of con- 
siderable importance. The varieties of this 
class generally, though not always, flower in 
small clusters and bloom very freely through- 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 55 

out the season ; they are of about the same 
degree of hardiness as the Bourbons — that is, 
will winter with perfect safety if given some 
slight protection, such as hilling up earth 
about the plants or covering them with a 
loose litter or evergreen branches. It is not 
easy to ascertain the origin of this class, but 
the varieties are mostly from crosses of Bour- 
bon on Noisette and vice versa. They all re- 
quire pretty severe pruning. The most 
beautiful in the class are Madame Noman, 
Mdlle. Bonnaire, and Eliza Boelle, a trio of 
white roses which might well represent the 
three Graces. There is too strong a resem- 
blance between them to make all desirable 
in a small collection, but it is difficult to 
know which of them to reject. Our own pref- 
erence inclines towards Madame Noman. 
These are the most delicate in habit; of the 
stronger growing varieties which partake 
more of the Noisette character, Coquette des 
Alpes, Coquette des Blanches, and Mme. 
Auguste Perrin are most noteworthy. 
Baronne de Maynard, Madame Alfred de 
Rougemont, and Madame Frangois Pittet are 
worthy a place in collections of considerable 
extent. 

The Hybrid Perpetual, or Hybrid Remontant 
Rose {Rosa Da??iascena Hybrida) is by far the 



56 THE ROSE. 



most valuable, if not the most beautiful, 
of all groups of roses. The first varieties 
sent out were mostly from crosses of Bour- 
bons upon Damask Perpetuals and Hybrid 
Chinas ; afterwards crosses were made with 
varieties of Provence, Damask, and French 
roses upon Bourbons, Bengals, and Teas, and 
vice versa. The progeny of these was then 
recrossed with different classes, and so it is 
we have a group of the most heterogeneous 
character, combining the good and bad quali- 
ties, in greater or less degree, of nearly all 
the others. There are certain types in this 
group which gather together many varieties, 
in which the relationship to some one sort 
is readily discerned, as the Jules Margottin 
type, General Jacqueminot and its progeny, 
and the La Reine family ; but there is a vast 
number of sorts whose kinship cannot be 
traced; this is owing to the fact that the 
greater number of varieties have been raised 
from mixed seed, where no record was made 
of the names ; and also that in many cases, 
where the seed of different varieties was 
sown separately, there has often been a 
carelessness in making such a record, de- 
pendence being placed on the memory alone. 
So that many varieties whose parentage is 
given are oftentimes not properly traced; 



ROSES IN GENERA L CULT I VA TION. 5 7 

it being made a matter of conjecture, or left 
to fallible memory to recall. The varieties 
differ greatly in all their characteristics, 
and so require somewhat different culture 
and treatment. Those that are of vigor- 
ous growth, as in other classes, need much 
less pruning than those of dwarfed habit, 
for if cut back too severely they run too 
much to wood. There have been hundreds 
of varieties of this class sent out, and the 
number of new sorts somewhat increases 
each year. Eugene Verdier, of Paris, has 
been foremost in the dissemination of new 
sorts, and it will be interesting to take note 
of the number of varieties offered by him, 
including those of his own raising, for a few 
years back. In 1872 he offered for sale 
thirty-nine new Hybrid Perpetual Roses, 
eight of them his own seedlings; in 1873 
he offered forty-five, ten of them his own ; in 
1874 he offered forty-six, ten of them his 
own; in 1875 he offered forty-eight, twelve 
of them his own ; in 1876 he offered thirty- 
four, ten of them his own; in 1877 he offered 
forty-one, ten of them his own; in 1878 he 
offered forty, ten of them his own; in 1879 
he offered forty -two, eight of them his own. 
There are, of course, several new sorts each 
year which M. Verdier does not get hold of; 



58 THE ROSE. 



including these, it will be seen that there are 
not less than forty-five new Hybrid Perpetual 
Roses introduced each year; perhaps one- 
fifth of them are worth growing, certainly 
not more. The rest, either from being in- 
ferior in quality to old-established sorts, or 
from too great similarity to them, are ulti- 
mately consigned to the rubbish heap. No 
satisfactory selection can be made from this 
innumerable class, except as made for some 
special end, and having some prominent 
features in view. We therefore give special 
chapters to a consideration of the best Hybrid 
Perpetuals for special purposes, in which the 
various merits and peculiarities of different 
varieties are discussed at some length. 

The Hybrid Tea Rose {Rosa In die a Odor at a 
Hybrida) is a new group produced from cross- 
ing Teas with Hybrid Perpetuals. This is a 
class but yet in an incipient state ; within a 
few years it is likely there will be a great 
number of varieties where now there are but 
few ; it is also to be expected that there will 
be various and distinct types among them. 
Indeed among those we already have, La 
France, Cheshunt Hybrid, and Beauty of 
Stapleford show almost as marked variations 
as could be found among any Hybrid Per- 
petuals. In these three, we have "La France, 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 59 

which, with a perfume peculiar to itself, is 
the sweetest of all roses, and equal to any in 
the profusion of bloom; Cheshunt Hybrid, 
which shows the Tea blood in its foliage 
more than in any other way ; what fragrance 
it has is more like that of Alfred Colomb or 
Prince Camille than like a Tea; it seldom 
shows a flower after the first of August ; and 
Beauty of Stapleford, entirely without scent, 
but with a decided resemblance to the Teas 
in foliage, appearance of the flowers, and 
profusion of bloom. These roses must prove 
more hardy than most of the Teas, but more 
susceptible to frost and of more delicate con- 
stitution than the majority of the Hybrid 
Remontants. Certain ones among them, as 
La France, Duchess of Connaught, and Vis- 
countess Falmouth, combine beautiful flowers 
with great profusion of bloom and intense 
fragrance ; such are the kinds that give value 
to the class, and unless raisers can supply 
new varieties in the group which combine 
these three qualities, they should be with- 
held as unfit to send out. Jean Sisley, Cap- 
tain Christy, and Beauty of Stapleford may 
have value now, while the group is yet small, 
but being devoid of scent are not varieties 
to pattern after. Captain Christy occupies a 
somewhat equivocal position in this class, 



6o THE ROSE. 



being seeded from a Hybrid Perpetual Rose 
(Victor Verdier) fertilized by the Tea Safra- 
no, while all the others are seeded from Tea 
Roses fertilized by Hybrid Remontants; but 
it seems eminently proper that at least all 
direct crosses between the two classes, no 
matter whether the seed parent be Tea or 
Hybrid Perpetual, should be grouped with 
the Hybrid Teas. These roses are all of 
moderate growth, and must have close prun- 
ing and be grown in rich soil. Most of them 
(ten varieties) were sent out in 1879 by Mr. 
Henry Bennett, of Stapleford, England. It 
is not yet known how desirable they will be 
for out-of-door culture, but for forcing under 
glass a few of Bennett's raising are proving 
to be of some value. They seem to produce 
as many flowers in the season as do the 
Bengals, excelling many of the Teas proper 
in profusion of bloom. Beauty of Stapleford 
and Duchess of Westminster furnish very 
pretty rose-colored buds, which are unfor- 
tunately scentless. Duchess of Connaught, 
at a first glance, might readily be mistaken 
for La France, having much the same shade 
of color, but the flowers are somewhat 
smaller and of rounder form ; it is the only 
variety which resembles La France in per- 
fume. Jean Sisley does not open well in the 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 61 



house, and is a scentless variety of rather a 
muddy shade of color ; we do not consider it 
of value. Nancy Lee is highly perfumed 
and gives lovely formed buds, but it is of 
very delicate habit. Michael Saunders and 
Viscountess Falmouth are two sorts of con- 
siderable substance, highly scented, which 
we consider valuable introductions ; the latter 
has a delightful blending of the perfumes to 
be found in the parents President (Tea) and 
the Moss Soupert-et-Notting, the odor of the 
Moss predominating. Duke of Connaught 
and Hon. George Bancroft are two dark roses, 
which will be more valuable to the florist, if 
sufficiently vigorous, than all the rest; the 
former is the deeper in shade, but, in spite 
of its breeding, is without scent ; the latter, 
though of lighter color, is highly perfumed ; 
both give beautiful buds. Pearl is a small 
rose with a distinct Bourbon fragrance, a 
good thing for cut flowers. The four new 
Hybrid Teas of French origin, Cannes La 
Coquette, Mme. Alexandre Bernaix, Mme. 
Etienne Levet, and Mdlle. Brigitte Violet, 
all promise to be useful sorts. This class of 
roses, on account of its novelty and promise 
of usefulness, is now looked upon with more 
interest than any other, and will, in a few 
years, very likely prove the most popular 



62 THE ROSE. 



class, excepting the Hybrid Perpetual and 
Tea. 

The Perpetual Moss Rose {Rosa Centifolia 
Muscosa) has the same characteristics (and 
needs the same treatment) as the Moss Rose 
already described, but in addition to the 
June blossoming produces flowers during the 
summer and autumn. There are but three 
sorts which we consider worth growing. 
Many worthless varieties in the class have 
been sent out; if the flowers were of fair 
quality, they were so seldom seen after the 
month of June as to belie their name. Mme. 
Edward Ory and Salet both give mossy buds 
that are not equal in quality to other Mosses, 
but give them at a time of year when the 
others are not to be had, and are therefore 
very useful. Soupert-et-Notting is not en- 
cumbered with a superfluity of moss, if it is 
with a name, but we have here a large rose- 
colored sort, very full, of fine form, and a 
strong delightful perfume that may keep one 
sniffing for a long time before he can go 
away satisfied. Our eyes may brighten at 
the sight of other autumnal roses more beau- 
tiful than this, but there are very few sorts 
so grateful to that other important sense — 
smell. With oh! and with ah! and sundry 
other relevant remarks we may gloat over 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 63 

this rose, as does the street Arab inspecting 
the pies and confections in the window of a 
pastry-shop. 

The Tea Rose {Rosa Indica Odorata) may 
well be taken as a synonym for all that is 
delicately beautiful. What refinement of 
color; what subdued, yet powerful, fragrance 
do they possess ! They are indeed the centre 
of loveliness ; like fair maids at a reception 
surrounded by admiring groups, these lend 
beauty to the others, which may well strive 
to find a near approach to their sweet pres- 
ence, that perchance they may receive a 
smile, and borrow beauty, diffused from their 
chaste loveliness. There has always been a 
warm place in my heart for the Tea Rose, 
for, sub rosa, let me confess it, this was my 
first love (I fear no conjugal jealousy or 
censure in making this confession) ; a bed of 
Tea Roses planted near my father's house 
first won me as a devotee to the rose, and by 
foliage and flower I learned to distinguish 
varieties among them before I even knew the 
names in other classes ; I should now as soon 
think of doing without roses altogether as 
not to have a bed of Teas in my garden. 

Several varieties in this group were 
brought to England from China, their native 
place, in the early part of the century; 



64 THE ROSE. 



among them were the Blush Tea and Yellow 
Tea, two varieties from which most of the 
sorts now in cultivation have descended. 
Both of these kinds are free seed-bearers, the 
Yellow Tea more particularly; it has beauti- 
ful buds of pale yellow, but the habit of the 
plant being unhealthy it has now nearly gone 
out of cultivation. The old Blush is also no 
longer named in most catalogues, but there 
are many rosarians still living who cherish 
it in affectionate remembrance and recollect 
it as one of the most fragrant in the family. 
Most of the varieties in this group are very 
sensitive to any neglect, and will show very 
quickly whether they have met with good or 
ill treatment ; the soil can scarcely be made 
too rich for their reception, but it must be 
light, warm, and well drained. If the place 
chosen consist of heavy clay soil, a foot or 
more must be dug out, carted away, and 
filled up with that which is mellow. As 
most of the varieties are of but moderate 
growth, they require rather close pruning. 
To protect them during winter, we advise 
hilling up earth about the plants and then 
spreading over evergreen branches or loose 
litter. Care must be exercised that the 
plants be not embedded and packed down 
with a heavy mass, otherwise decay and 



ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 65 

death will ensue ; some air will needs be ad- 
mitted; the plants must be protected but not 
smothered. 

The Tea class is much more uniform in 
the characteristics of the different varieties 
than are any of the other large groups. In 
judging of their merits we lay less stress on 
fulness of flower than on other claims, be- 
cause most of those which have compara- 
tively few petals are very beautiful in bud, 
and it is for the buds that Teas are largely 
prized. Thus Isabella Sprunt and Marie 
Guillot are two roses highly prized, but one 
of them is only semi-double, while the other 
has so many petals that they do not always 
unfold satisfactorily. The flowers vary very 
greatly in size as well as in fulness, some of 
them, like Canary, Caroline, and Monsieur 
Furtado, being quite small, and others being 
large, as Madame Bravy, Souvenir d'un Ami, 
etc. 

This has now become such a large division 
that it is no easy matter to select a num- 
ber of varieties for commendation, but those 
named below are among the most beautiful, 
and also of the most healthy habit — a very im- 
portant feature to be considered. 

Bon Silene, Isabella Sprunt, and Safrano 
5 



66 THE ROSE. 



are to be chosen for their buds only ; Mme. 
Falcot, a seedling of Safrano, has fuller 
flowers of nearly the same shade, but they 
are not so freely produced and the habit of 
the plant is more feeble. The following 
are fine in both bud and flower: Bou- 
gere, Catherine Mermet, Comtesse Riza du 
Pare, Gerard Desbois, Homer, Jean Ducher, 
Jean Pernet, Madame Bravy, Madame de 
Vatry, Madame Lambard, Madame Welche, 
Marie Ducher, Marie Van Houtte, Monsieur 
Furtado, Niphetos (a poor grower), Perle des 
Jardins, Rubens, Sombreuil, Souvenir d'un 
Ami, Triomphe de Luxembourg. Among 
these Niphetos is the only one of bad growth, 
but it is so much the finest of the white Teas, 
that it should find a place in every collection 
of any size. Full descriptions of all these 
sorts will be found elsewhere. 



III. 

TECHNICAL TERMS. 

HE rosarian and the hasty reader 
are invited to pass by this chapter, 
but if, unversed in rose-lore, any 
reader become interested in the 
subject, there will be found many terms, 
mostly botanical, which require some ex- 
planation, as presented herewith, and to 
which he may be glad to refer. 

Anther. A rounded knob at the summit of 
the filament; a portion of the stamen 
which contains the pollen or fecundating 
matter of the flower. 

Armed. Provided with thorns or prickles. 

Callus. A swelling which occurs at the base 
of a cutting previous to the formation of 
roots. 

Calyx. An envelope which holds the other 
parts of the flower ; it consists of narrow 
green leaves or sepals of a pithy texture ; 
these sepals generally cohere by their 
edges. 

67 



THE ROSE. 



Corymb. Flower stalks produced along a 
common stalk which rise so as to form a 
level top. 

Disbudded. Deprived of flower buds. 
Flower buds are pinched or cut away, in 
order that those remaining will attain 
greater perfection. 

Eye. The stamen and pistils of a flower. 
Sometimes this term is used synony- 
mously with bud. 

Filament. The thread-like part of the sta- 
men which supports the anther. 

Hip or Hep. The fruit or seed pod. 

Hybrid. A cross, which is the product of a 
mixture of two different species. 

Leaflet. One of the divisions of the com- 
pound leaf with which all roses are fur- 
nished; these are attached to the petiole 
by minor foot stalks. 

Maiden Plant. That which blooms for the 
first time after budding or grafting. 

Ovary. The hollow portion at the base of 
a pistil containing the ovules or bodies 
destined to become seeds. 

Panicle. A cluster of flowers irregularly 



TECHNICAL TERMS. 69 

produced from a main stem, or peduncles 
variously divided. 

Peduncle. The stalk upon which the flower 
is borne. 

Petal. A leaf of the flower. 

Petiole. The stalk to which are attached 
the several leaflets. 

Pistil. The columnar seed-bearing organ 
in the centre of a flower ; sometimes there 
are several in one flower ; it consists of one 
or more styles, one or more stigmas and 
the ovary. 

Pollen. The fecundating powdery substance 
found in the anthers. 

Remontant. As applied to roses that which 
flowers the second time. From the 
French verb to remount. 

Sepals. Those leaves which form the calyx. 

Sport. A shoot or sucker from a plant 
which shows either in foliage, flower, 
vigor of growth, or in all of them, some 
peculiar feature or features, distinct from 
the rest of the plant. 

Stamens. The male organs of fructification 
in a flower, surrounding the pistil. 



7o THE ROSE. 



Stigma. The top portion of the pistil 
which receives the pollen and connects 
with the ovary by a tube through the 
centre of the style. 

Style. The erect column, sometimes 
several combined in one, which connects 
the stigma with the ovary. 

Sucker. A branch or root which proceeds 
from the root, or stem of the plant, just 
below the surface. 



IV. 

POSITION AND SOIL. 

HE first requisite in the culture of 
roses is the selection and prepara- 
tion of a suitable place for plant- 
ing. This is very important, as 
all that follows depends upon the care used 
in this first step. 

To begin with, then, choose the best place 
you have in the garden, a place where you 
can offer sufficient protection by means of 
hedges or board fences from bleak sweeping 
winds. When fences are used, their general 
ugliness can be most appropriately clothed 
by roses themselves. A warm, sunny posi- 
tion is also requisite; if so situated that 
there is an exposure to the morning sun, and 
the hot rays during the afternoon are in part 
or wholly shaded, all the better, but a certain 
amount of sunlight is as essential to a rose's 
welfare as to our own, though many of us do 
not show our appreciation of the blessings of 
sunlight as gratefully as do our roses. Be- 
71 



72 THE ROSE. 



sides scattering them through our gardens, 
roses may be made very effective planted in 
borders about our lawns, either individually 
or in groups, and also planted in beds on the 
lawn. 

Thoughtlessness often leads people to plant 
roses under the shadow of overhanging 
buildings, or close to large deep-rooted trees ; 
and then there is inquiry and wonderment 
why the plants are always covered with mil- 
dew? and why they do not blossom and grow 
as those in a neighbor's yard, where there 
are always beautiful roses to be seen? There 
is much more in common, or should be, be- 
tween animal and plant life, than is practi- 
cally acknowledged by most of those who 
strive to grow roses. Both demand for their 
perfect development a sufficiency of nourish- 
ing food and drink, a pure atmosphere, a 
temperature as equable as possible, and 
thorough cleanliness. Let every one who 
plants roses bear this in mind and we shall 
find a wonderful improvement in the quality 
and quantity of the flowers. 

" Some having heard that a free circulation 
of air and abundance of sunshine are es- 
sential elements of success, select a spot 
which would be excellent for a windmill, ob- 
servatory, beacon, or Martello tower; and 



POSITION AND SOIL. 73 

there the poor rose-trees stand, or, more ac- 
curately speaking, wobble, with their leaves, 
like King Lear's silver locks, rudely blown 
and drenched by the to-and-fro contending 
wind and rain. 

" Others, who have been told that the rose 
loves shelter, peace, repose, have found 'such 
a dear snug little spot, ' not only surrounded 
by dense evergreen shrubs, but overshadowed 
by giant trees. Rest is there assuredly — rest 
for the rose, when its harassed life is past, 
when it has nothing more for disease to prey 
upon, no buds for the caterpillar, no foliage 
for the aphis — the rest of a mausoleum ! I 
was taken not long ago to a cemetery of this 
description, which had been recently laid 
out ; and there was a confident expectation of 
praise in the pretty face of the lady who took 
me, that I was sorely puzzled how to express 
my feelings. I wished to be kind, I wished 
to be truthful ; and the result was some such 
a dubious compliment as the Sultan paid to 
the French pianist. The Frenchman, you 
may remember, was a muscular artist, more 
remarkable for power than pathos; and he 
went at the instrument and shook and worried 
it as a terrier goes in at rats. His exertions 
were sudorific; and when he finished the 
struggle, with beads on his brow, the Sultan 



74 THE ROSE. 



told him, 'that, although he had heard the 
most renowned performers of the age, he had 
never met one who — perspired so freely!' 
Nor could I, with my heart as full of charity's 
milk as a Cheshire dairy of the cow's, think 
of any higher praise of the plot before me 
than that it was an admirable place for fern ; 
and therefore, when my commentary was re- 
ceived with an expressive smile of genteel 
disgust, as though I had suggested that the 
allotment in question was the site of all others 
for a jail, or had said, as Carlyle said of the 
Royal Garden at Potsdam, that 'it was one 
of the finest fog-preserves in Europe, ' then, 
without further prevarication, I told the 
truth. And the truth is, that this boundless 
contiguity of shade is fatal, and every over- 
hanging tree is fatal as an upas-tree to the 
rose. The rose in close proximity to a forest- 
tree can never hope to thrive. In a two-fold 
sense it takes umbrage; robbed above and 
robbed below, robbed by branches of sun- 
shine and by roots of soil, it sickens, droops, 
and dies." * 

In connection with a choice of location, 
we must see that roses are provided with a 
proper soil. They will do well in any or- 
dinary garden soil that is free from standing 

* " A Book about Roses." 



POSITION AND SOIL. 75 

water and well drained. When there is too 
much clay, the soil can be made sufficiently 
friable by the application of wood and coal 
ashes, lime, burnt earth, etc. When, on the 
other hand, a soil is sandy or too light, we 
need to bring clay, muck, leaf mould, etc., 
to obtain sufficient body. This soil must, of 
course, be thoroughly manured and worked ; 
frequent spading will do a great deal toward 
lessening the stiffness of a heavy soil. On 
no account attempt to make roses grow in a 
wet spot ; if there be such a place which it 
is desired to use, let the soil be thoroughly 
drained by sinking tiles to a depth of four 
feet, or provide in some other way for carry- 
ing off the water. Where it is impossible to 
find a position capable of being drained by 
tiles from the ground being too flat, the soil 
may be removed to a depth of a few feet, 
and stones, bricks, debris of any kind, thrown 
in ; but whenever the water can be carried off 
in tiles it is better to do so. 




V. 

PLANTING AND PRUNING. 

OSES that have been grown out of 
pots should, if possible, be planted 
while in a dormant condition ; for, 
if removed for transplanting while 
the sap is flowing freely, and the plant is in 
vigorous growing condition, there occurs 
too great a shock, one from which the plant 
does not easily recover. All roses, therefore, 
taken from the open ground should be planted 
during the autumn or spring; the more 
hardy kinds, such as the summer roses, most 
of the Hybrid Perpetuals, and possibly some 
of the Bourbons, may preferably be planted 
in the autumn ; the more tender sorts in the 
spring. Plants that have been propagated 
from cuttings, or layers (on own roots), 
should be set, as nearly as possible, as they 
were grown in the nursery. Budded or 
grafted plants should be set so that the junc- 
tion of the bud or graft is about two inches be- 
neath the surface of the soil. Planted in this 
76 



PLANTING AND PRUNING. 77 

way there is much less liability of suckers 
from the stock being put forth, and oppor- 
tunity is afforded for the plant to put forth 
roots from the bud or graft ; this often takes 
place, so that ultimately the plant is virtually 
on its own roots. Roses that are pot-grown 
can be planted at any time from April till Oc- 
tober, but if set out during the heat of summer 
special care must be given in watering, etc. 
Respecting the sized plants which should be 
set out, we earnestly advise all those who can 
obtain them to put out plants of one or two 
years' growth that have made a free but not 
excessive growth, with well-ripened wood; 
these can be obtained at most of the large 
reliable nurseries. Many florists do a large 
and exclusive business in sending by mail 
small plants, cuttings of a few weeks' growth ; 
this is all very well, to give opportunity to 
many people to obtain plants, which could 
not, owing to the lack of express or railroad 
facilities, be forwarded in any other way; 
but these bantlings often require much care 
and tender nursing, and are seldom of any 
account until the second year from planting, 
for in order to promote their growth the 
flower buds should be kept cut off during the 
first year — if allowed to produce any, they 
are not only not of first quality, but enfeeble 



78 THE ROSE. 



the plant; whereas older plants, carefully 
grown, will give effective results the first 
year. Some nurserymen make a practice of 
cutting away all the flower buds from free 
blooming varieties, which form on the young 
plants during the first year's growth; this 
practice is to be highly commended; such 
plants are far more valuable to the purchaser 
than those not so treated. Quality should 
always be preferred to quantity ; this is true 
whether respecting the plants or the flowers of 
roses, and one good two-year plant is worth 
more than six of the sucklings often sent by 
mail — poor, weak infants, which never should 
have been sent from the nursery — just as one 
good bloom of Marie Baumann, or Alfred 
Colomb, is worth half a dozen of Pius the IX. 
or Triomphe de l'Exposition. 

Care must be exercised that the soil about 
the plant be well pulverized and no hard 
lumps allowed to remain in contact with the 
roots; after the plants are set out, be sure 
that they are firmly pressed in with the feet 
or hands ; plants that are loosely stuck in the 
ground can never do well. Another prom- 
inent thing to bear in mind is : never allow 
the plants to lie exposed to the wind and 
sun, keep them covered until ready to plant. 
The distance apart is somewhat regulated by 



PLANTING AND PRUNING. 79 

the vigor of growth ; the strongest growers 
should be put about three feet apart; for 
those of weaker habit, one or two feet would 
suffice. In planting beds, if of more than 
one variety, the strongest sort should be in 
the centre and those of the weakest habit on 
the outside. It is almost unnecessary to say, 
that no planting should be attempted if the 
ground be very wet, or very d^, as during a 
summer drought ; and that very late in the 
season, whether autumn or spring, is not a 
good time to set out roses; few things suffer 
so much from late spring planting as do 
roses ; if the buds have pushed forth, it is 
generally time and money thrown away to 
set out plants, other than those pot-grown. 
The reason pot-grown plants can be used 
after the others is that the soil in which they 
are grown can be retained when the roses are 
removed from the pots, and the plants con- 
tinue to grow without check. Pot-grown 
roses must not be immediately exposed to the 
rays of a hot sun ; if planted out they should 
receive some shade for a few days, and be 
carefully watered. Water must not be ap- 
plied during the heat of the day, but in the 
morning or evening. 

The pruning of roses is one of the most 
important features connected with their cul- 



8o THE ROSE. 



ture, but no directions that can be given will 
prevent some mistakes from being made. It 
is practical experience alone that will enable 
one to determine just what is to be done in 
each individual case, and just how to do it ; 
but the general principles that should govern 
can be easily stated and comprehended. I 
would recommend the operator to procure 
what is known as a pruning-knife, having a 
hooked blade, and also a secateur, or pair of 
pruning-shears ; the latter is better for cutting 
away shoots from the centre of a bushy plant 
and is the quickest and most easy to handle, 
but where a very smooth cut is desired, the 
pruning-knife will be found most effective; 
it is also less likely to bruise the bark. All 
roses that come from the open ground should 
be pruned before planting or immediately 
after. Many persons who are careless, or not 
informed, set out the plants just as they 
come from the nurseries ; under such circum- 
stances the plants cannot thrive, the sap has 
too many buds to nourish and a weak growth 
ensues. The shock from transplanting must 
be met by a shortening of both shoots and 
roots ; the shoots being shortened the number 
of buds to draw upon the sap is reduced and 
a more vigorous growth follows. Not only 
should all bruised roots be pruned, cutting 



PLANTING AND PRUNING. Si 

away to the sound part, but also all those 
large ones that are uninjured, for by this 
they are induced to put forth small roots of 
fibrous nature, which are of great assistance 
in promoting health and vigor of plant. 

The cut made in pruning should be as 
nearly horizontal as possible, so that there 
shall be but a slight exposure of wounded 
surface ; it is generally preferable to cut from 
the inside, and to see that the top bud which 
is left points outward. If the plants bleed 
after the operation the surface of the cut 
should be smeared over with wax or other 
substance ; often a coating of mud will answer. 
Roses are pruned both early in the spring 
and in the autumn; we prefer the former 
season, but when done then, care must be 
had not to put it off too late, for if not at- 
tended to early, the sap will have pushed 
toward the upper buds, and when pruned 
there will be bleeding or exuding of the sap. 
The pruning should therefore take place 
while the plants are dormant, and before the 
sap begins to flow. The chief objects to be 
held in view in pruning are the formation 
of a symmetrical plant, and to promote the 
formation of bloom buds. To secure these 
the following general rule must be observed : 
Plants of delicate habit and weak growth re- 
ts 



82 THE ROSE. 



quire severe pruning; those that are vigorous 
in growth should have the shoots only moder- 
ately shortened, but the branches well thinned 
out. If varieties of vigorous habit are closely 
pruned, a great growth ensues and very few 
flowers ; hence it is of the utmost importance 
to know the character of the variety that is 
to be operated on. Besides pruning the 
plants in March, a summer pruning is desir- 
able with many varieties of Hybrid Perpet- 
uals, so soon as the June blossoming is over, 
in order to induce the formation of flower 
buds later in the season, 



VI. 

MANURES. 

E trust that impatient readers will 
not pass by this chapter with 
turned-up nose and a sniff of dis- 
dain, for the subject is an impor- 
tant, albeit an unpleasant one, to handle. 
We shall make it short, if not sweet. 

Manure, if new, should never be applied 
so as to come in contact with the roots, but 
may be spread on the surface of the earth as 
a mulch ; this is often done with advantage 
in the autumn, digging it in in the following 
spring. Manure which is to be dug in about 
the plants must be decomposed, and may be 
advantageously mixed with a compost of 
good turfy loam and spent hops ; all animal 
manure is useful for roses, particularly 
droppings of the cow, pig, and sheep ; these 
mixed with a compost as named form the 
best fertilizers that can be used. Besides 
these, the cleanings from the poultry house, 
night soil, soot, bone-dust, and guano will 
83 



84 THE ROSE. 



all be found excellent, but nothing I believe 
is better than a mixture — one-third each — 
of cow-dung, rotted hops, and turfy loam. 
Horse-dung is much better for heavy soils 
than for light, and cow-manure does not do 
so well for soils inclining to be wet. In the 
hot, dry weather, which we often have in 
summer, a good watering of liquid manure 
will be of very great benefit to the plants, 
more especially during the time of the forma- 
tion of flower buds. " The happy rosarian 
who has a farm-yard of his own will, of 
course, have a large covered tank therein, 
for the reception and preservation of liquid 
manure. At all times, of drought especially, 
this will be more precious as a restorative and 
tonic to his roses than the waters of Kis- 
singen, Vichy, or Harrogate to his invalid 
fellow-men. Only let him remember this 
rule of application — weak and oft rather than 
strong and seldom. I bought my own ex- 
perience by destroying with too potent pota- 
tions — forgetting that infants don't drink 
brandy neat — the delicate fibrous rootlets of 
some beautiful rose-trees on the Manetti 
stock."* Night soil would be found a most 
valuable manure, if people would only 
rightly prepare and use it, but each rosarian 

* S. R. Hole. 



MANURES. 85 



points to the other and wonders why no one 
is found to make use of this valuable com- 
modity which now goes to waste, but no 
one takes hold. " The Romans reverenced 
Cloacina, the goddess of the sewers, and 
the statue which they found of her in the 
great drains of Tarquinius was beautiful as 
Venus's self; but they honored her, doubt- 
less, only as a wise sanitary commissioner 
who removed their impurities, and, so doing, 
brought health to their heroes and loveliness 
to their maidens. They only knew half her 
merits ; but in Olympus, we may readily be- 
lieve, there was fuller justice done. Al- 
though weaker goddesses may have been un- 
kind — may have averted their divine noses 
when Cloacina passed, and made ostentatious 
use of scent-bottle and pocket-handkerchief 
— Flora, and Pomona, and Ceres would ever 
admire her virtues, and beseech her benign 
influence upon the garden, the orchard, and 
the farm. But the terrestrials never thought 
that fax urbis might be lux or Ms, and they 
polluted their rivers, as we ours, with that 
which should have fertilized their lands. 
And we blame the Romans very much in- 
deed; and we blame everybody else very 
much indeed ; and we do hope the time will 
soon be here when such a sinful waste will 



THE ROSE. 



no longer disgrace an enlightened age ; but 
beyond the contribution of this occasional 
homily, it is, of course, no affair of ours. 
Each man assures his neighbor that the pro- 
cess of desiccation is quite easy, and the art 
of deodorizing almost nice ; but nobody 'goes 
in. ' The reader, I have no doubt, has with 
me had large experience of this perversity in 
neighbors, and ofttimes has been perplexed 
and pained by their dogged strange reluc- 
tance to follow the very best advice. There 
was at Cambridge, some thirty years ago, an 
insolent, foul-mouthed, pugnacious sweep, 
who escaped for two terms the sublime lick- 
ing which he 'annexed' finally, because no 
one liked to tackle the soot. There were 
scores of undergraduates to whom pugilism 
was a thing of beauty and a joy forever, who 
had the power and the desire to punish his 
impudence, but they thought of the close 
wrestle — they reflected on the 'hug,' and 
left him. To drop metaphor, there is no 
more valuable manure; but it is, from cir- 
cumstances which require no explanation, 
more suitable for the farm than the garden, 
especially as we have a substitute [farm -yard 
manure] quite as efficacious, and far more 
convenient and agreeable in use." * 

* " A Book about Roses," S. Reynolds Hole. 



VII. 

INSECTS AND DISEASES. 

O one can be more profoundly im- 
pressed with the curse entailed on 
Adam and his descendants than 
the reverent rosarian; for all 
things hostile and bad, animate and inani- 
mate, seem to combine in greater degree to 
prevent the successful cultivation of the rose 
than any other well-known flower. Few 
things, for example, can be more effective 
in their season than a massive bed of 
paeonies; they have all the shades of the 
rose, are more hardy, and know nothing of 
mildew or the ravages of insect enemies; but 
they are almost entirely neglected — very un- 
justly too — that proper attention may be 
given to our roses, which need constant care 
and attention to make their culture profitable. 
The price to be paid for beautiful roses is 
eternal vigilance inspired by reverent love. 
"He who would have beautiful roses in his 
garden must have beautiful roses in his heart, 
87 



THE ROSE. 



He must love them well and always." A 
genuine lover of roses is not discouraged by 
the knowledge of the difficulties that attend 
the culture of his favorites, the rather is he 
incited to succeed in spite of all obstacles 
and drawbacks, knowing that as faint heart 
never won fair lady, he cannot expect the 
smiles of Marie Baumann, or Marie Van 
Houtte, unless he thoroughly cultivate the 
acquaintance of these beauties, and wait 
upon them with more attention and deeper 
concern than would the gallant of the ball- 
room upon the attendant belles. 

The following are the chief foes with which 
the rose has to contend : 

The Aphis {Aphis jRosce), or Green Fly, is 
well known by all who have grown roses. It 
is a small green louse, about one-eighth inch 
in length when fully grown, usually wing- 
less. Their bodies are oval and soft, they 
secrete a sweet fluid, of which ants are very 
fond. The presence of ants on roses is good 
evidence, did we require it, that the aphis is 
at work. They are very prolific in breeding ; 
Reaumur estimates that one individual in 
five generations may become the progenitor 
of nearly six thousand millions of descend- 
ants. Through their slender beak they suck 
the juices of the plant, always working at the 



INSECTS AND DISEASES. 89 

tender shoots, and in a short time will, if un- 
molested, destroy the vigor or vitality of any 
rose they infest. Much the best destructive 
agent to use against them is tobacco smoke ; 
when this cannot be applied, a liquid solu- 
tion, made from tobacco stems or leaves, or 
from quassia, will be found an efficient 
method of working their destruction. Take 
four ounces of quassia chips, or tobacco stems, 
and boil them about ten minutes in a gallon 
of soft water; strain off the chips, and add 
four ounces of soft soap, which should be 
dissolved in it as it cools, stirring well before 
using. It may be applied by dipping a whisk 
broom in the mixture and sprinkling all 
shoots that are infested. Whale-oil soap, 
dissolved in water, is also a useful remedy. 
Mildew. — This is a fungous disease often 
caused by great and sudden atmospheric 
changes, and by a long continuance of damp, 
cloudy weather. The best proved remedies 
are sulphur and soot ; one of these should be 
applied the moment the disease makes its ap- 
pearance; the plants should be sprinkled 
with water so that the substance applied will 
adhere, or else let it be put on early in the 
morning while the dew is yet on the plants. 
Some localities are much more subject to 
visitations of this disease than ethers, and in 



QO 



THE ROSE. 



such places care should be taken not to plant 
varieties that are known to be specially 
liable to mildew. As it is contagious, 
spreading from one plant to another, we 
should advise the destruction of such sorts 
as belong to the Giant of Battles type (see 
chapter on Typical Roses) ; better it is to 
sacrifice a few kinds than that all should be 
disfigured with this annoying fungus. Gen- 
erally mildew makes its appearance in the 
autumn, when the nights grow cool ; at this 
season it works but little harm and may be 
disregarded, since the plants have made their 
growth and the wood is nearly, or quite, ripe. 
The Red Spider is a most destructive 
little insect, which generally commits its 
ravages in the greenhouse ; they only make 
their appearance when favored by a hot, dry 
atmosphere. These insects are very small, 
scarcely distinguishable by the eye, if iso- 
lated; they are of a dark, reddish-brown 
color, found on the under sides of the leaves. 
They cause the foliage to assume a yellow 
tinge, and will soon make sickly the plant 
they infest. A few applications of whale-oil 
soap dissolved in warm soft water will often 
destroy them; this can be applied with a 
syringe, taking care to throw the water up- 
ward to reach the leaves affected, late in the 



INSECTS AND DISEASES. 91 

afternoon, and then washed off with pure 
water the following morning. This insect 
does not attack plants that are syringed with 
water daily, and all plants grown under glass, 
not in flower, should be sprayed regularly. 
When a house that has been infested with 
Red Spider can be emptied of the plants, it 
is well to burn sulphur on charcoal embers ; 
the fumes from the sulphur are fatal to 
nearly all insect life, and a house can by this 
means be soon freed from this insect; as 
burning sulphur is also destructive to plant 
life, this process can only be used in emptied 
houses, unless only a slight quantity be used 
at a time. 

Rose Hopper, or Thrips (Tettigonia Rosa, 
of Harris). — This is perhaps the most trouble- 
some pest with which the rose is afflicted in 
the open air. It is a small, yellowish-white 
insect, about three-twentieths of an inch 
long, with transparent wings. Like the Red 
Spider, they prey upon the leaves, work- 
ing on the under side ; they seem to go in 
swarms and are very destructive to the plant, 
soon causing the foliage to assume a sickly, 
yellow appearance. As they jump and fly 
from one place to another, their destruction 
is less easy to accomplish than is the case 
with other enemies. We have found syring- 



92 THE ROSE. 



ing the plants with pure water, so as to wet 
the lower side of the leaves, and then dust- 
ing on powdered white hellebore, will de- 
stroy or disperse them. Another remedy, 
nearly or quite as good, is a solution of 
whale-oil soap, which must also be applied so 
as to reach the leaves from beneath. 

Rose Caterpillar, or Leaf-Roller. — 
There are several kinds of caterpillars, be- 
longing to an order called Lepidoptera, which 
prey upon the rose. They are the young of 
moths or butterflies, varying from one-half 
inch to three-fourths inch in length ; some of 
these are green and yellow, others brown; 
they all envelop themselves in the leaves or 
burrow in the flower buds. Powdered helle- 
bore sprinkled over the plants will prevent 
in a large measure their moving over the 
plants, but the only method of killing them, 
which is really effectual, is by crushing be- 
tween finger and thumb. This crushing pro- 
cess may not be considered an agreeable 
pastime, but it must be done, and fastidious 
people can either delegate the work to others, 
or go armed, not cap a pie, but with gloved 
hands, and perform the work themselves. It 
is time to look out for these marauders when 
the buds are formed and begin to show signs 
of plumpness. 



INSECTS AND DISEASES. 93 

Rose Chafer, or Rose Bug. — This (the 
Melolontha subspinosa, of Fabricius) is a brown 
beetle, a little less than one-half inch in 
length, which comes from the ground about 
the second week in June, or when the Damask 
Rose is in blossom. Many localities are 
never troubled with this pest ; where it does 
appear, it is never alone, but in swarms ; the 
insects attack the flowers in preference to the 
foliage, and seem to be more fond of white 
and light-colored flowers than of those which 
are dark. In a very short time they entirely 
disfigure and greatly injure the plant which 
they attack; an application of Paris. green 
dusted over the plants is very destructive to 
them, but being so dangerous a poison, we 
recommend hand-picking and burning of the 
bugs in preference. The application of 
tobacco-water, whale-oil soap, etc., is use- 
less, for in order to have any effect upon 
the bugs the solution would have to be made 
so strong that it would work injury to the 
plants. 

Rose Slug. — These slugs are the larva of 
a saw-fly, called by Harris Telandria Rosa, 
an insect about the size of a common house- 
fly, which comes out of the ground during 
May and June. The female flies puncture 
the leaves in different places, depositing their 



94 THE ROSE. 



eggs in each incision made; these eggs 
hatch in twelve or fifteen days after they are 
laid. The slugs at once commence to eat the 
leaves, and soon make great inroads upon the 
foliage, if not checked. They are about one- 
half inch long when fully grown, of a green 
color, and feed upon the upper portion of the 
foliage. The best remedies are powdered 
white hellebore, or a solution of whale-oil 
soap. 

White Grub.— These grubs are the young 
of those buzzing, sticky abominations known 
as May-bugs. The beetles are thus described 
by Harris : " During the month of May, 
they come forth from the ground, whence 
they have received the name of May-bugs or 
May-beetles. They pass the greater part 
of the day upon trees, clinging to the under 
sides of the leaves in a state of repose. As 
soon as evening approaches, they begin to 
buzz about among the branches, and con- 
tinue on the wing till toward midnight. In 
their droning flight they move very irregu- 
larly, darting hither and thither with an un- 
certain aim, hitting against objects in their 
way with a force that often causes them to fall 
to the ground. They frequently enter houses 
in the night, apparently attracted as well as 
dazzled and bewildered by the lights. Their 



INSECTS AND DISEASES. 95 

vagaries, in which, without having the power 
to harm, they seem to threaten an attack, 
have caused them to be called dors, that is, 
darers; while their seeming blindness and 
stupidity have become proverbial in the ex- 
pressions 'blind as a beetle' and 'beetle- 
headed.' After the sexes have paired the 
males perish, and the females enter the earth 
to the depth of six inches or more, making 
their way by means of the strong teeth which 
arm the forelegs; here they deposit their 
eggs. . . . From the eggs are hatched, in 
the space of fourteen days, little whitish 
grubs, each provided with six legs near the 
head, and a mouth furnished with strong 
jaws. When in a state of rest, these grubs 
usually curl themselves in the shape of a 
crescent." These annoying pests live in the 
earth for three years, feeding on the roots of 
roses and other plants, and give no sign of 
their presence till the plant on which they 
feed commences to wither or turn sickly. 
So soon as evidence is given of their ravages, 
the plant should at once be dug around and 
search made for the grub, that his destruction 
may save other plants from death. The grub 
is more fond of the roots of strawberries than 
of any other food, and if these berries are 
grown alongside of roses a careful lookout 



96 THE ROSE. 



must be had. It is a fortunate thing that the 
grub does not confine himself to a rose-diet, 
else would the culture of our favorite flower 
often be conducted with more plague than 
pleasure or profit. 

There are other insect enemies of the rose 
besides those we have named, but they 
seldom do any great damage, and we think 
our readers are ready to cry, enough of bugs. 
We have given a list of remedies for con- 
trolling the ravages of the various pests 
which worry the rose, but it is with our roses 
as with ourselves, prevention is always better 
than cure. A pure atmosphere, cleanliness, 
by the free use of water, etc., healthy food, 
not necessarily that which is most nutritious, 
but that which can with certainty be assimi- 
lated or digested, are requirements common 
to our own lives and those of our roses, if 
they are to be healthy ones. A watchful 
care, with systematic attention to watering, 
syringing, etc., will often keep away insect 
enemies that would otherwise surely come to 
torment us. Many gardens in the suburbs of 
cities are supplied with water conducted 
from the mains of the water works in pipes ; 
those who have such a supply of water in 
their grounds will find it an easy matter fre- 
quently to spray all the plants both from 



INSECTS AND DISEASES. 97 

beneath and above. The frequent and vig- 
orous application of water is as hateful to the 
insects described as it is to fighting cats, and 
every one who grows roses (or cats) should be 
provided with that most useful instrument the 
garden syringe ; it is a most valuable weapon 
of defence or of offence, whether used in 
keeping off the Rose Hopper or in dispersing 
the caterwauling midnight marauders that 
may come within range. 

There are some insects which entomologists 
claim to be useful, as destroying those which 
are noxious ; such are the larvae of the gar- 
den beetle, rose beetle, ladybird and others, 
which feed upon aphides and caterpillars. I 
know nothing of the truth of this from per- 
sonal observation, and do not see how their 
aid can be considered of any great value, 
since the solutions, etc. , which are necessary 
to apply when noxious insects make their 
appearance, would be pretty certain to de- 
stroy friend and foe alike. I have much 
more confidence in the help to be obtained 
from the despised toad, and some of the 
birds, especially the ground-bird and spar- 
row ; the toad will devour many of the worms 
and caterpillars, the birds will destroy not 
only these, but also the insects which infest 
the plants. The aid of the birds might be 
7 



:: THE FOSE. 



CHilb LfcrU. Lfj IXcU-lj : _ a . ^ ~ •• -_ - - ; 

among the plants when they have consumed 
the crumbs they will naturally torn their 
attention to the ir.=e::5 at hand, and thus 
repay their benefactors, 




VIII. 

PROPAGATION. 

HERE are four methods used in 
propagating roses — by cuttings, 
by budding, by grafting, by layer- 
ing ; in importance they rank in 
the order named, and in this order we will 
briefly consider them. 

Although the principles which govern the 
art of propagation are the same the world 
over, it will be found that rosarians differ 
widely in working out details ; thus, in the 
production of roses from cuttings, we, in 
America, are as much more successful than 
our European brethren as they excel us in 
the production of budded and grafted plants. 
By Cuttings.— There is no doubt but 
that plants grown from cuttings are the most 
useful for general purposes, and the greater 
number of our choice varieties can be grown 
in this way without difficulty ; but there are 
some beautiful kinds, like Baroness Roths- 
child, which root with great difficulty ; these 
99 



THE ROSE. 



sorts can only be profitably grown by bud- 
ding or grafting. Cuttings can be made at 
any time of the year. The old ideas that the 
wood must he cut at a joint or with a heel, 
and that it is essential they should be placed 
in bottom heat, have been thoroughly ex- 
ploded. The most successful propagation 
made by cuttings, for the largest number of 
kinds, is made during the late winter months 
from strong plants one or two years old that 
have been grown in open ground, potted in 
the month of November; or from plants 
which have been grown in pots for one year, 
or planted out under glass. Cuttings of all 
kinds which root freely, like General Jacque- 
minot, Victor Verdier, etc., can be made 
from one eye only, and cut between the 
joints just as well as after the old fashion of 
cutting to a heel, and with three or more 
eyes — an unnecessary and wasteful process. 
All of the large commercial establishments 
in this country do most of their rose propa- 
gation in the months of January, February, 
and March ; the cuttings are made to one eye 
and dibbled in beds of sand, or in some cases 
are placed in pots of sand and these pots 
plunged in beds of sand; underneath the 
staging which supports the cuttings run hot- 
water pipes or flues; these are commonly 



PROPAGATION. 



boarded-in to secure bottom heat, and this I 
believe to be the best method. Some rose 
growers make no attempt at confining the 
pipes or flues, and produce excellent plants 
without resorting to bottom heat, but it is a 
slower process, and there is a greater per- 
centage of cuttings which fail to root. Ad- 
vocates of this system claim that they secure 
healthier, stronger plants in the end than 
they would by the use of bottom heat. 
There is no doubt that plants propagated in 
a closely confined house in a high tempera- 
ture are apt to turnout of weak constitution, 
but we believe the best results follow where 
plants are propagated in a bed at a tempera- 
ture of about 70 degrees, with the tempera- 
ture of the house a few degrees less. How- 
ever, these matters concern nurserymen and 
florists more than amateurs, for this class 
does not care to put in operation anything 
that requires much expense. When but few 
cuttings are desired they can be placed in 
pots and will take root in four or five weeks 
after insertion, grown in any ordinary con- 
servatory or greenhouse. After the cuttings 
have taken root they should be potted in pots 
not exceeding two and a half inches in diame- 
ter. Certain kinds of roses take root with- 
out difficulty, others are so stubborn that the 



THE ROSE. 



amateur would do well not to attempt their 
propagation until he has proved himself 
an adept in rose culture. The sorts most 
difficult to root are the various varieties of 
Moss, most of the summer roses, and certain 
varieties of Hybrid Remontants, belonging 
to the Jules Margottin, Baronne Prevost, and 
Baroness Rothschild families. (See chapter 
on Typical Roses.) All of the Tea and 
Monthly Roses, with very few exceptions, 
root and grow freely from cuttings. 

Besides using green wood, some propaga- 
tors make cuttings from hard wood — that is, 
shoots thoroughly ripened, taken in the au- 
tumn. Manetti cuttings are always made 
from wood taken in autumn, and the various 
varieties of Prairie Roses are often grown in 
this way. In some establishments large quan- 
tities of cuttings are made during the sum- 
mer months and grown in hotbeds ; the plants 
produced are salable in the autumn and are 
largely used by florists. In selecting stock 
plants from which to propagate, care should 
be had that only those be chosen which are 
vigorous and healthy, otherwise a sickly or 
weak progeny will result. 

By Budding. — This is an important 
method, second only to propagation by cut- 
tings. 



PROPAGATION. 103 

The chief disadvantages are these : first, 
it is more expensive. The stocks are to be 
purchased and cared for (they cannot often 
be profitably grown in our hot climate), and 
it will be found that the labor of budding, 
suckering, cutting back stocks, etc., will 
make the operation far more costly than 
growing plants from cuttings. Budded 
plants are not desirable for inexperienced 
amateurs, since novices do not detect the 
suckers which, not infrequently, come up 
from the roots and if not cut away ultimately 
choke the plant. A third objection is found 
in the fact that budded plants are more fre- 
quently killed by severe winters than plants 
on own roots. 

On the other hand, by budding we are en- 
abled to grow varieties which are so difficult 
to root from cuttings, that their propagation 
would be discontinued by all large rose- 
growers were it not for this method. Varie- 
ties like Baroness Rothschild, Mabel Morri- 
son, Marquise de Castellane, Madame Boll, 
Marguerite de St. Amande, etc., areas yet al- 
most indispensable, but no nurseryman would 
long grow them from cuttings. There is an- 
other class of roses often advantageously 
grown by budding, these are varieties of 
moderate growth like A. K. Williams, Horace 



104 THE ROSE. 



Vernet, Madame Victor Verdier, Mademoi- 
selle Eugenie Verdier, Marie Baumann, 
Xavier Olibo, etc. All these kinds are in- 
vigorated by being worked on some strong 
stock, like the Manetti. A third advantage 
of budded roses is for use as stock plants, 
and also for forcing. Budded plants of many- 
kinds (not the Jacqueminot type) can be 
taken up in October or November, and with 
ordinary treatment will give as fine a crop of 
flowers as plants of the same varieties which 
have been grown all summer in pots at much 
more expense and labor. 

I would not advise any reader to purchase 
budded roses who cannot tell, by the wood, 
the difference between Persian Yellow and 
General Jacqueminot, between Marie Bau- 
mann and Salet — indeed amateurs who can- 
not do this do not deserve to have roses at 
all, for they would not be able to distinguish 
between the shoots of the Manetti suckers 
and their Louis Van Houtte or Victor Ver- 
dier (although the Manetti is most distinct 
from all other roses). 

Many kinds of stocks have been tried on 
which to bud roses, as the Brier, the Grif- 
f eraie, etc. , but for general use in this country 
we very greatly prefer the Manetti. The 
stocks are planted in nursery rows about 



PROPAGATION. 105 

three feet between the rows, and six or eight 
inches apart ; in July and August the buds 
are inserted ; the lower the buds can be put 
in the better, as the liability to send up 
suckers is thereby greatly diminished, and 
opportunity is also afforded the plant of be- 
ing ultimately established on its own roots. 

Propagation by Grafting. — This is a 
profitable mode to pursue when done in win- 
ter under glass, using plants of Manetti or 
Brier grown in pots for the purpose. Grafting 
roses on the root cannot be made profitable, 
as such a large percentage fail to grow. 
Stock grafting is carried on in England and 
elsewhere with great success, and although 
the plants are not so desirable (owing to the 
graft being of necessity some distance above 
the roots) as those propagated by the other 
methods, it affords nurserymen an oppor- 
tunity of more quickly securing a stock of 
new sorts, and also is advantageous as an aid 
in producing more vigorous plants of such 
varieties as Niphetos, than can possibly be 
obtained from cuttings. 

Propagation by Layering was once prac- 
tised to considerable extent, but it is a slow 
method, and is now but little used. Good 
plants can be obtained in this way of Persian 
Yellow and some other varieties which do 



io6 THE ROSE. 



not strike from cuttings, and it is the only- 
method by which certain kinds can be pro- 
duced on their own roots. 

Besides the methods spoken of, roses are 
also produced from seed, but this is only 
done where it is purposed to secure stocks, 
as seedling Briers, or where it is the aim to 
obtain new varieties. 



IX. 

EXHIBITING ROSES. 

NTIL recently little attention has, 
in this country, been given to a 
careful exhibition of roses, but of 
late years a decided interest has 
been taken in the matter, and very credit- 
able displays are now made in Boston and 
New York. The Massachusetts Horticultural 
Society has done a great deal to encourage 
exhibits of cut-roses, and the numerous boxes 
of splendid flowers to be seen at Boston 
every June attract admirers from all parts of 
the land. Much has been written and said 
for and against the exhibition of cut-roses in 
boxes. Objectors to the system claim that 
wrong impressions are given to the public ; 
amateurs see beautiful flowers of a certain 
variety, and are thereby led to purchase and 
attempt to grow plants of it, only to discover 
that they don't grow; the variety being of 
feeble constitution and requiring skilful 
treatment, lives but a dismal life at their 
107 



io8 THE ROSE. 



hands, and it is finally discarded as worthless ; 
or it may be, the sort in question proves to 
be a kind that gives a few good blooms in 
June and plenty of shoots and leaves the rest 
of the year, but nothing else. Wrong im- 
pressions are doubtless often received at 
these exhibits, for to gain by observation a 
correct impression of the general qualities of 
any variety it must be seen at different times, 
growing in the garden or nursery row in 
quantity. On the other hand, these exhibi- 
tions certainly make prominent the more 
beautiful roses, and as we are first attracted 
to a rose by the richness or delicacy of its 
color, and the symmetry of its form, we have 
placed before us for easy comparison the 
highest types of beauty to be found in the 
rose family; and although from seeing in- 
dividual flowers we learn nothing of the 
character of varieties, as respects profusion 
and continuity of bloom, or vigor and health- 
fulness of growth, we, nevertheless, can be 
assured that those kinds which appear fre- 
quently and in great perfection in different 
boxes are kinds which will certainly be useful 
ones for general cultivation. Varieties, 
particularly those not of recent origin, which 
now and then sparsely appear in great beauty, 
are not to be trusted on prima-facie evidence. 



EXHIBITING ROSES. 109 

The warning, " trust her not, she's fooling 
thee," should be borne in mind in the exam- 
ination of the beauties of these erratic stars, 
and no one should commit himself in allegi- 
ance to them without some knowledge of 
their actual worth. 

The following rule of the Massachusetts 
Horticultural Society referring to boxes for 
exhibition is given for the information of 
those interested in the matter. All roses 
competing for prizes, except those for the 
general display, must be exhibited in boxes 
of the dimensions named below : 



Length. 


Breadth. 


Height. 


?or 24 roses, 4 ft. 


1 ft. 6 in. 


Back of box, 6 in. ; front, 4 in. 


" 12 roses, 2 ft. 2 in. 


1 ft. 6 in. 


" 6 in. ; " 4 in. 


" 6 roses, 1 ft. 6 in. 


1 ft. 6 in. 


" 6 in. ; " 4 in. 


" 3 roses, 1 ft. 


1 ft. 6 in. 


" 6 in. ; " 4 in. 



One of the most important points con- 
nected with showing roses is the proper ar- 
rangement as regards size and colors of the 
flowers. 

" Cut first of all your grandest blooms, be- 
cause no Mede nor Persian ever made law 
more unalterable than this : The largest roses 
must be placed at the back, the smallest in the 
front, a?id the inter?nediate in the middle of 
your boxes. They become by this arrange- 
ment so gradually, beautifully less, that the 



THE ROSE. 



disparity of size is imperceptible. Trans- 
gress this rule, and the result will be dis- 
astrous, ludicrous, as when some huge Lon- 
don carriage-horse is put in harness with the 
paternal cob, or as when some small but am- 
bitious dancer runs round and round the 
tallest girl at the ball in the gyrations of 
the mazy waltz. . . . The arrangement of 
roses with regard to their color has not been 
studied as it deserves to be. The amateur 
with more leisure than the man of business 
for the study of the beautiful, and for the 
most effective display of his fewer flowers, 
ought to excel, but, as a rule, does not. His 
roses are very rarely made the most of in 
this respect, but are frequently marred and 
spoiled, the colors clashing and contending 
with each other instead of combining against 
their common adversary. It is told of a 
highly sensitive dame whose silly pride was 
in dress, that she went into hysterics before 
a large party when her great rival in milli- 
nery came and sat upon the ottoman beside 
her in a grand garment of the same color as 
her own, but of a much more brilliant and 
effective dye ; and I have seen many a rose 
which would weep, if it could, aromatic rose- 
water, subdued by alike despair. Once upon 
a time six pretty sisters lived at home to- 



EXHIBITING ROSES. 



gether always. In looks, in figure, in voice, 
gait, and apparel, they exactly resembled 
each other. Young gentlemen seeing them 
apart, fell madly in love, as young gentlemen 
ought to do ; but on going to the house and 
being introduced to the family they were 
bewildered by the exact similitude, didn't 
know which they had come to see, couldn't 
think of proposing at random, made blunders, 
apologies, retreats. It seemed as though all 
these charming flowers would be left to 
wither on the virgin thorn, when one of 
them was permitted to leave her home upon 
a visit to a distant friend. She returned in 
six weeks Men fiance'e, and six months after 
was a bride. The rest followed her example. 
So it is that six scarlet roses or six pink roses 
in close proximity perplex the spectator and 
depreciate each other by their monotonous 
identity; isolated or contrasted we admire 
them heartily." * 

Roses should be cut and placed in their 
proper positions for exhibition in the same 
boxes in which they are to be shown previous 
to the time appointed for exhibition. Some 
favored individuals who live close by the 
place where the show is held find it practica- 
ble to bring the flowers in baskets or trays, 
*"A Book about Roses," Chapter XIV., S. Reynolds Hole. 



THE ROSE. 



and arrange them in their proper positions 
in the room where they are to be displayed 
two or three hours before the time appointed 
for the judges to go their'round. When roses 
come from any distance they should be care- 
fully arranged at home, and then when the 
boxes arrive at destination any flowers that 
suffered in transit can be replaced from the 
supply put up for this purpose. The day be- 
ing cloudy and cool, roses may be cut at any 
time, but it is prudent to rely on the early 
morning hours as the best time for the pur- 
pose. An experience in cutting roses at sun- 
rise, on a fresh cool morning in June, is an 
experience worth living for. A careful ex- 
amination of one's treasures the day before 
the flowers are to be cut will enable one to 
estimate the strength on hand and decide 
finally as to what classes shall be contended 
for. All the details should be considered in 
advance, and the writing of cards, giving of 
names of varieties, providing green moss, 
etc., not left till the last moment. Ama- 
teurs who do not comprehend the manner of 
construction of exhibition boxes and the way 
the flowers are to be arranged in them, would 
do well to apply to the Secretary of the 
Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Horti- 
cultural Hall, Boston, who will have sent to 



EXHIBITING ROSES. 113 

them a box from which they can pattern, or 
all the boxes required will be sent ; he will 
also furnish the schedule of prizes offered by 
the society. I mention this society because 
its exhibits are of higher character than any 
others, both as regards the quality of the 
flowers displayed and the general arrange- 
ments and facilities afforded. Boston excels 
in the exhibit of Hybrid Remontants, while 
New York stands first in staging fine Teas, 
but at both places displays are made that 
should have the encouragement of all who 
are interested in the improvement of our 
rose exhibitions. 
8 



ROSES UNDER GLASS. BY J. N. MAY. 

HERE are a number of roses which 
do not attain perfection when 
grown in open air, and others that 
do not thrive at all except under 
glass. For these it is necessary to provide a 
rose-house, which, besides enabling us to 
grow satisfactorily the delicate kinds, will 
supply us with flowers during the winter 
months of any more robust sorts we choose 
to grow. If it is desired to grow more than 
one family of roses, two or more houses are 
desirable, so that they can be treated to suit 
their several requirements. Tea Roses need 
one treatment, Hybrid Perpetuals and nearly 
all hardy roses require another somewhat 
different. I will first give the treatment re- 
quisite for insuring the best results with Tea 
Roses, commencing with their propagation. 

Cuttings. — Use young, vigorous wood 
taken from healthy plants ; the wood is in 
the right condition when the flower buds are 

114 



ROSES UNDER GLASS. 115 

well developed. Take cuttings with two or 
three leaf stalks, remove the lower one and 
make a smooth cut, if possible just beneath 
where the leaf stalk was removed ; with the 
back of the knife knock off all thorns from 
the wood and insert the cutting in your bed 
of sand ; press around the cutting firmly, and 
water thoroughly with tepid water. After 
this process the cuttings should never be al- 
lowed to get dry, the sand must be kept 
moist by frequent syringing. If the tempera- 
ture of the house is kept at from fifty to fifty- 
five degrees at night and from sixty to 
seventy during the day, the cuttings will be 
well rooted in twenty-eight or thirty days 
after the day they are put in. 

To know when they are in the right con- 
dition to pot off : with a thin, flat stick, care- 
fully pry a few out of the sand ; if they have 
made roots one-half inch long, they can be 
potted. The soil must be prepared by taking 
three parts good loam, one part sand, one 
part well-rotted cow-manure; these are to 
be thoroughly mixed and placed in a warm 
position. Use two-and-a-half-inch pots, press 
about the cuttings firmly ; when potted place 
near the glass. Do not water heavily for a 
few days ; until they begin to grow freely a 
light syringing, just enough to keep the 



n6 THE ROSE. 



plants from becoming dry, is all that is 
necessary. 

In about three weeks, the plants, if prop- 
erly treated, will be ready to shift into four 
or five-inch pots. The same care used in the 
first potting must be observed in this. By 
watering the plants an hour or so before 
shifting, they will leave the pot with a ball 
of earth, and thus but slight check or disturb- 
ance is given to the growth of the plants. 
The pots should always be rilled to the 
amount of one-fourth or one-fifth their depth 
with broken pieces of pots, or similar sub- 
stances, in order to secure perfect drainage. 
After four or five weeks' growth the plants 
should be ready for the second shift, when 
six or seven-inch pots will be needed. The 
same soil should be used, but with the addi- 
tion of one shovelful of pure ground bone to 
every forty shovels of soil ; this must be well 
mixed. In shifting plants always use clean 
pots. 

The best time to make cuttings is during 
the month of January ; if you cannot obtain 
good cuttings of your own, order young 
plants from some good grower, to be delivered 
to you some time in February or March. 
These plants will probably be from two-and- 
a-half-inch pots and will be ready for their 



ROSES UNDER GLASS. 117 

first shift. Do not order the plants sent by- 
mail, for under no circumstances will plants 
by mail ever be as good as those sent by ex- 
press ; for the reason that the soil is shaken 
off the roots when prepared for mailing, and 
the roots get damaged in transit. I would 
rather pay double the price for every plant 
I wanted and have them come by express 
than have them mailed at one-half the 
price. 

After the sun causes the temperature of the 
house to rise during the day, as during mild, 
clear days in February, March, and April, 
careful attention must be paid to ventilation ; 
air is to be given from the ridge, never from 
the front, until after the first of June, or the 
plants will suffer from mildew, etc. The 
Aphis must be kept off by tobacco fumiga- 
tion ; never allow the plants to become in the 
least infested. Prevent mildew by dusting 
flowers of sulphur on the pipes* or flues, 
which should previously be moistened with 
water. 

The plants will be ready for removal from 
the houses to open air about the first of June. 
The position chosen for plunging the roses 
must not be one exposed to sweeping winds 
or strong draughts of air. The pots may be 
plunged in a bed of coal-ashes, or any similar 



THE ROSE. 



material, about four inches in depth. The 
plants should be syringed once a day to keep 
them healthy; if the surface of the soil be- 
comes green carefully remove it and fill up 
with fresh soil. When the pots are filled 
with roots we give the final shift for the sea- 
son, using eight, nine, or ten-inch pots ac- 
cording to the size and strength of the plant. 
If it is desired to grow the plants on benches, 
out of pots, this last shift is not used. For 
this purpose the side benches should not ex- 
ceed three feet six inches in width, and next 
the front should be twelve or fourteen inches 
from the glass. The benches must be so 
made as to hold five or six inches of soil, and 
the bottom boards laid one-half inch apart, 
so as to secure good drainage; over the 
cracks are placed thin sods, the grass side 
downward ; these prevent the soil from being 
washed away by watering. The first bench 
being nearer the glass than the others should' 
be used for the more delicate growing kinds, 
like Niphetos, etc. If the house be not 
pitched too high, the middle bench can be 
made level, like the front one, using the back 
portion for the taller growing sorts. The 
third bench, if there be one, must be raised 
so as to bring the plants about the same dis- 
tance from the glass as does the first one. 



ROSES UNDER GLASS. 119 

The plants should be placed about sixteen or 
eighteen inches apart, each way, and should 
be in position in June or July. When well 
established and growing freely, give them a 
mulching of good rotten manure mixed with 
bone-dust; one shovel bone-dust to twenty 
of manure is a good proportion. The amount 
of water to be given will vary with the 
weather; during clear and hot days they 
should have a vigorous spraying, given by a 
syringe or from the hose, twice a day. When 
it is cloudy or cool they may need but a slight 
sprinkling once a day. The soil should 
never be allowed to become dry so as to show 
dust, or to be saturated with water ; either 
extreme is dangerous to the health of the 
plants. From the time of planting out, say 
the last of June, until the middle of Septem- 
ber, or until the nights become chilly, all the 
ventilators should be constantly left wide 
open ; when cool weather begins they must 
be closed at night, but air should always be 
given from the ridge during the day, unless 
the weather be adverse. It should be the 
endeavor to keep the temperature fifty-five 
degrees at night, and sixty-five to eighty de- 
grees during the day. If these instructions 
are carefully heeded, there will be an abun- 
dant supply of fine roses all through the sea- 



THE ROSE. 



son, from the first of October to the end of 
the following June, when the same process 
will be repeated. Although the old plants 
can be used for a second season, I do not 
advocate it; the extra expense and trouble 
of renewing the beds of soil and the plants 
every season, I have proved by experience is 
more than compensated for by the better and 
more constant supply of fine blooms. 

If it is decided to grow the plants in pots 
all the season a somewhat different treat- 
ment is to be followed. After the final shift 
the plants are again placed on the bed of 
ashes, where they are constantly to be 
watched and cared for, the dead leaves picked 
off and the surface of the soil occasionally 
stirred, care being taken not to disturb the 
young roots. During hot weather it is best 
to water in the evening, but when the nights 
become cool the morning is a better time. 
By the middle of August we slightly with- 
hold watering, so that the plants may obtain 
a hardy constitution and a partial rest of a 
few weeks. The greenhouses should be 
thoroughly cleaned, ready to receive the 
plants by the middle of September. After 
the plants are housed they should be mulched 
with thoroughly rotted cow-manure, fifteen 
parts, mixed with one part pure ground bone. 



ROSES UNDER GLASS. 121 

As much is to be placed on each pot as will 
remain and not wash off. The soil is to be 
examined to see that it does not get too wet. 
In ten or fifteen days after the plants are 
placed in the house they will begin to show 
plenty of blooms, and will continue to push 
forth buds all the winter. By the first of 
December, if the plants are doing well, they 
should have a little weak liquid manure. 
Place one-half bushel of fresh cow-manure in 
a barrel containing fifty gallons of water; 
stir it thoroughly and let it stand two days 
before using. The plants may be allowed to 
become a little dry before the liquid is ap- 
plied ; it can be used once a week. Chicken 
manure is also excellent, applied in the same 
way, but as it is stronger, about twice the 
amount of water should be used. When 
neither of these fertilizers can be had, Peru- 
vian guano, two pounds to fifty gallons of 
water, may be substituted. A peck of soot 
tied in a coarse bag and allowed to stand in 
water for several hours, is also a useful stim- 
ulant. To destroy worms and keep the soil 
sweet a dose of lime-water may occasionally 
be given with excellent results. One peck of 
fresh lime is placed in a barrel, and enough 
water added to it to slake it, as a mason 
would do in making mortar. When the lime 



THE ROSE. 



has been slaked, add fifty gallons of water 
and then let it stand until clear. 

The mulching about the plants may be 
renewed during the winter, and toward 
spring the liquid manure can be given more 
frequently than at the first. At the end of 
the season, say the first week in June, the 
plants should be removed from the green- 
house to the plunging ground ; it is desirable 
now to plunge the pots up to the rim, as this 
keeps the plants somewhat moist, and much 
less water is required. The supply of water 
should be gradually lessened, that the growth 
may be checked and the plants obtain a few 
weeks' rest ; in doing this, care must be had 
that the young wood does not shrivel. After 
a rest of about five weeks, the plants are to 
be shifted into pots one or two sizes larger. 
By the middle of August it will be time to 
cut away all weak wood, reserving the young 
and strong shoots ; these should be tied to 
neat stakes. As the plants show signs of 
forming new growth, a little more water 
must be given ; they should be housed by the 
middle of September and treated the same 
way as in the previous year. 

Hybrid Perpetual Roses must be managed 
differently from the Teas. They are propa- 
gated and grown in the same way until the 



ROSES UNDER GLASS. 123 

first of September, when they should be 
sorted, and all those having the strongest 
and ripest wood placed by themselves. 
Water is to be gradually withheld until 
growth stops, this will be in two or three 
weeks ; the pots are then to be laid on their 
sides, on a bed of coal-ashes ; if the weather 
is hot and dry cover the pots with rough 
grass, hay, or any light material; in this 
condition they can, if desired, remain several 
weeks, provided they are not allowed to get 
hard frozen. 

Presuming that the blooms are required 
for New Year's, the plants should be 
thoroughly ripened by the 25th of Septem- 
ber, and must be pruned about that time ; in 
doing this remove entirely all weak shoots 
and shorten the strong ones to within a few 
buds of the base, cutting back to a plump 
eye. Stand the pots up and water them a 
little at a time till the balls are soaked 
through; on warm days, syringe the tops 
frequently. Should the nights get frosty 
place the plants in a pit or cold frame, cover- 
ing with sashes. If no such place be ready 
the plants must be removed to the green- 
house; in any event they will need to go 
there when the eyes have well started. Be 
sure to give plenty of air on all mild days, 



124 THE ROSE. 



and syringe two or three times a day, accord- 
ing to the heat of the sun. Do not allow the 
temperature to exceed forty degrees at night 
for the first three weeks ; after that it can be 
gradually increased to forty-five degrees. In 
early November, special care must be taken 
not to overwater, at the same time the plants 
must never be allowed to get dry from the 
time the plants start into growth until the 
blooms are cut. The temperature will be 
kept at forty-five degrees for the night, or 
a very little above that point, until the flower 
buds form ; so soon as the buds are well de- 
veloped the night temperature can be gradu- 
ally increased to fifty-five degrees. So soon 
as it is seen that the flower buds are forming, 
liquid manure may be given, as directed for 
Tea Roses. 

If the flowers are wanted any earlier than 
January the plants must be ripened corre- 
spondingly early. It generally takes fourteen 
weeks from the time of starting to bring Hy- 
brid Perpetual Roses into bloom. The loca- 
tion, soil, etc., all exert influences in this 
matter, and the operator must adapt himself 
to the circumstances of the case. Certainly 
there is no royal road to success in forcing 
roses ; it is only by hard work, patient and 
careful watching, night and day, that success 



ROSES UNDER GLASS. 125 

can be obtained. When the crop of flowers 
is cut the plants can be treated about the 
same as the Teas, excepting they will not 
need quite so much water for a few weeks 
until they begin to grow freely again ; then 
encouragement should be given them, for 
the finer the growth now the better will be 
the produce the next season. At the begin- 
ning of June they can be taken out of doors 
and receive the same treatment as young 
plants. 

Varieties suitable for forcing are numer- 
ous (see Chapter XI. for list of varieties), 
perhaps the best dark ones for very early 
work are General Jacqueminot and Fisher 
Holmes. Varieties of Tea Roses suitable for 
forcing are almost innumerable, and every 
grower has his favorites ; among the newer 
sorts some of the Hybrid Teas will certainly 
rank among the first. 

For this chapter readers are indebted to Mr. 
J.N.May, of Summit, N. J., a practical cul- 
tivator, one of the most successful rosarians 
who grow flowers for the New York market. 
Roses under glass are nowhere brought to 
such perfection as in the neighborhood of 
Summit and Madison, New Jersey. In the 
English rose exhibitions are yet to be seen 



126 THE ROSE. 



the finest specimens of hardy roses, but to 
see the most beautiful blooms of Tea Roses 
that the world produces we must go to New 
Jersey ; this chapter, from one of the adepts, 
will therefore be of great practical value 
to all who are interested in growing roses 
through the winter months. 




XL 



VARIETIES BEST ADAPTED FOR SPECIAL 
PURPOSES. 

The kinds marked with an asterisk (*) should be 
first chosen. 

|OR Pegging-down and Bedding. — 
For this purpose monthly roses 
are the best, and in selecting suit- 
able varieties, several necessary 
qualities must be considered. When we 
plant roses in isolated positions we often do 
so having regard to some special features 
which, by themselves, would not make the 
varieties of value for massing together. 
Thus, Marechal Niel and Niphetos are not 
desirable kinds, though they are the finest 
roses of their color. The requisites for a 
good bedding rose are, freedom of bloom, 
healthy habit of growth, and pure, steadfast 
color. Symmetry of form, fragrance, and 
fulness of flower should also be taken into 
consideration. 

127 



123 THE ROSE. 



We commend the following : 

*Agrippina, *Apolline, Edward Desfosses, 
*George Peabody, *Hermosa, Queen of Bour- 
bons, *Malmaison, Madame Caroline Kus- 
ter, Pumila, Bougere, Catherine Mermet, 
Countess Riza du Pare, General Tartas, 
*Gerard Desbois, *Homer, Jean Pernet, *La 
Princesse Vera, Madame de Vatry, *Madame 
Lambard, Marie Ducher, Marie Guillot, 
*Marie Van Houtte, *Monsieur Furtado, 
*Perle des Jardins, Rubens, *Sombreuil, 
Souvenir d'un Ami, Triomphe de Luxem- 
bourg, *La France, Michael Saunders, 
Paquerette, Soupert-et-Notting (Moss), Co- 
quette des Alpes, *Eliza Boelle, Madame 
Auguste Perrin. 

The Hybrid Remontants are not quite so 
useful for bedding roses as those above 
named, since they are not continuously in 
bloom, but they are very beautiful massed 
together and are capable of producing great 
effects. All of these are desirable : 

Abel Grand, ^Alfred Colomb, Anne de 
Diesbach, Annie Wood, Baronne Prevost, 
Baroness Rothschild, Boieldieu, *Countess 
of Serenye, Charles Lefebvre, Charles Mar- 
gottin, Countess of Oxford, *Eugenie Ver- 
dier, *Fisher Holmes, *Francois Michelon, 
Gabriel Tournier, General Jacqueminot, 



VARIETIES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. 129 

Hippolyte Jamain, *John Hopper, La Reine, 
La Rosiere, Louis Van Houtte, Mabel Mor- 
rison, Madame Charles Wood, Madame V. 
Verdier, ^Marguerite de St. Amand, *Marie 
Baumann, Paul Xeyron, Pierre Xotting, 
*Rev. J. B. M. Camm, Victor Verdier. 

For Forcing. — We need for this purpose 
varieties that will flower freely and that are 
of high finish ; only the most beautiful should 
be grown. 

Among Monthly Roses the most desirable 
are : * Agrippina, Douglass, Souvenir de la 
Malmaison, Cloth of Gold, Marechal Xeil, 
Marie Berton, Bon Silene, ^Catherine Mermet 
(not very free, but most beautiful), *Cornelia 
Cook (same attributes as Mermet), Homer, 
Innocente Pirola, ^Isabella Sprunt, Jean Per- 
net, *Madame Bravy, *Madame de Vatry, 
Madame Lambard, *Marie Guillot, *Marie 
Van Houtte, Monsieur Furtado, Niphetos, 
Odorata, *Perle des Jardins, *Rubens, Sa- 
frano, Souvenir d'un Ami, Triomphe de 
Luxembourg, Beauty of Stapleford, Captain 
Christy, Duke of Connaught, La France, 
Madame A. Bernaix, Mademoiselle B. Violet, 
Nancy Lee, Viscountess Falmouth, Soupert- 
et-Notting (Moss), *Eliza Boelle, Madame 
Xoman. 

Among Hybrid Remontants choose from 
9 



130 THE ROSE. 



Abel Carriere, *A. Colomb, Anne de Dies- 
bach, *Baroness Rothschild, Charles Lefeb- 
vre, Countess Cecile, *Countess of Serenye, 
Countess of Oxford, Etienne Levet, ^Eugenie 
Verdier, *Fisher Holmes, Francois Michelon, 
General Jacqueminot, H. Jamain, Jean Lia- 
baud, *John Hopper, Louis Van Houtte, 
Mabel Morrison, La Rosiere, ^Marguerite de 
St. Atnande, Marie Baumann, Paul Neyron, 
Pierre Notting, *Rev. J. B. M. Camm, V. Ver- 
dier. 

Climbing Roses for Conservatory. — 
Aimee Vibert Scandens, Banksia White, 
Banksia Yellow, *Celine Forrestier, Claire 
Carnot, Cloth of Gold, *Lamarque, Marechal 
Niel, *Solfaterre, Belle Lyonnaise, *Gloire 
de Dijon, Madame Berard, *Marie Berton, 
Reine Marie Henriette. 

Hardy Roses, that are free autumnal 
sorts. — Gloire de Dijon, *La France, Vis- 
countess Falmouth, Salet, Soupert-et-Not- 
ting. All the Hybrid Noisettes. Abel Grand, 
* Alfred Colomb, Antoine Verdier, Annie 
Wood, Baronne Prevost, *Baroness Roths- 
child, *Boieldieu, Caroline de Sansal, *Coun- 
tess of Serenye, Etienne Levet, Eugenie 
Verdier, *Francois Michelon, Gabriel Tour- 
nier, General Washington, Hippolyte Jamain, 
Horace Vernet, John Hopper, Jules Margot- 



VARIETIES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. 131 

tin, La Reine, Louis Van Hotitte, Mabel 
Morrison, Madame Charles Wood, *Mar- 
guerite de St. Amand, Marie Baumann, 
Monsieur Noman, Paul Neyron, Princess 
Charlotte, *Rev. J. B. M. Camm, Victor Ver- 
dier. These are not all perfectly hardy ; for 
list of such kinds see below. 

Highly Scented Roses. — With but few 
exceptions all Moss Roses. Blanchefleur, 
Centifolia, Madame Hardy, *Marechal Niel, 
Aline Sisley, *Bon Silene, Catherine Mermet, 
Countess Riza du Pare, *Devoniensis, Jules 
Finger, *Madame Bravy, Madame F. Janin, 
Marie Van Houtte, *Odorata, Rubens, Sou- 
venir d'un Ami, *Duchess of Connaught, 
Hon. George Bancroft, *La France, *Nancy 
Lee, *Viscountess Falmouth, *Soupert-et- 
Notting, *«Alfred Colomb, Baronne Prevost, 
Bessie Johnson, Fisher Holmes, General 
Jacqueminot, Horace Vernet, Louis Van 
Houtte, Mme. Chirard, *Madame Victor Ver- 
dier, Marie Baumann, Marie Rady, Maurice 
Bernardin, Pierre Notting, Prince de Porcia, 
Queen of Waltham, *Rev. J. B. M. Camm, 
Xavier Olibo. 

The most hardy Roses. — Abel Grand, 
Anne de Diesbach, Baron de Bonstetten, 
*Baronne Prevost, Baroness Rothschild, 
Boieldieu, Caroline de Sansal, Charles Mar- 



132 THE ROSE. 



gottin, Countess of Serenye, Edward Morren, 
Francois Michelon, General Jacqueminot, 
Jules Margottin, *La Reine, Mabel Morrison, 
Madame Boll, Madame Joly, Marchioness of 
Exeter, Marguerite de St. Amande, Marquise 
de Castellane, Maurice Bernardin, Rev. J. B. 
M. Camm. All summer roses, with scarce 
any exception, are hardy, more so than any 
of the Hybrid Remontants. The most hardy 
of the Monthly Roses are Apolline, Edward 
Desfosses, Hermosa, Louise Odier, Aimee 
Vibert, Caroline Marniesse, Gloire de Dijon, 
Reine ' Marie Henriette, Bougere, Gerard 
Desbois, Homer, Madame de Vatry, Marie 
Ducher, Sombreuil. 

The most beautiful Roses, or those 
suited for Exhibition. — Souvenir de la 
Malmaison, Cloth of Gold, *Marechal Niel, 
Madame Berard, *Marie Berton, *Catherine 
Mermet, *Cornelia Cook, *Homer, *Madame 
Bravy, *Marie Guillot, Marie Van Houtte, 
Monsieur Furtado, Niphetos, Perle des Jar- 
dins, *Rubens, Souvenir d'un Ami, *Captain 
Christy, *La France, Madame Alexander 
Bernaix, Princess Lousie Victoria, *Eliza 
Boelle, *Madame Noman, A. Georfroy St. 
Hilaire, Abel Carriere, *A. Colomb, A. K. 
Williams, Baron de Bonstetten, * Baroness 
Rothschild, *Charles Lefebvre, Charles Mar- 



VARIETIES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. 133 

gottin, Countess Cecile, Countess of Serenye, 
Edward Morren, Egeria, *Eugenie Verdier, 
*E. Y. Teas, Fisher Holmes, Francois Miche- 
lon, George Prince, Horace Vernet, *Jean 
Liabaud, John Hopper, Jules Margottin, La 
Rosiere, *Louis Van Houtte, Mabel Morri- 
son, *Madame Victor Verdier, Marguerite de 
St. Amand, *Marie Baumann, *Marie Rady, 
Marquise de Castellane, Maurice Bernardin, 
Monsieur Noman, Paul Neyron, *Pierre Not- 
ting, *Rev. J. B. M. Camm, Victor Verdier, 
*Xavier Olibo. 



XII. 

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 

ITH the immense number of vari- 
eties produced and sent out each 
year, it would be well if we had 
some criterion which would en- 
able us to select the probably meritorious 
sorts from the mass of kinds which are worth- 
less. We have, as yet, no better guide than 
the reputation of the raisers ; by comparing 
the best sorts of the different growers we can 
estimate with some exactness the value each 
grower has been to the world ; judging from 
what we have received in the past, we can 
estimate, in a measure, the value of that 
proffered annually by the different raisers of 
new roses. 

The best sorts of each raiser are given in 
the accompanying list, and are those kinds 
most generally grown the world over. 

* These raisers are dead, or have retired 
from business, or are not likely to be heard 
from again. 

134 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 



135 



The abbreviations used describing the 
classes are: A. — Austrian; B. — Bourbon; 
Beng.— Bengal; CI. T.— Climbing Tea; D. 
— Damask; Hy. CI. — Hybrid Climber; Hy. 
N.— Hybrid Noisette; H. R.— Hybrid Re- 
montant; H. T. — Hybrid Tea; M. — Moss; 
N. — Noisette; P. — Prairie; P. M. — Perpetual 
Moss ; Pol. — Polyantha ; Prov. — Provence ; 
T.— Tea. 



*Baumann. France. 
Marie Baumann H.R. 



1863 



*Jean BJluze. Lyons, France. 
His first variety was sent out in 1840. 

Souvenir de la Malmaison B. 1843 

Leveson Gower " 1846 



Henry Bennett. England 
First variety issued in 1879 

Beauty of Stapleford Hy 

Duchess of Connaught 

Duchess of Westminster 

Duke of Connaught 

Hon. George Bancroft 

Jean Sisley 

Michael Saunders 

Nancy Lee 

Pearl 

Viscountess Falmouth 



T. 



1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 



136 THE ROSE. 

These were raised by other parties, but were 
purchased and sent out by Bennett. 

Duchess of Edinburgh H.R. 1874 

Egeria " 1878 

Lord Beaconsfield " 1878 

Mabel Morrison " 1878 

Madame Welche T. 1878 

* Daniel Boll. New York. 

Madame Boll (sent out by Boyeau) H.R. 1S59 

*Boyeau. France. 

Solfaterre , N. 1843 

Souvenir de Mons. Boll H.R. 1866 

Broughton. (Amateur. ) England. 

Mabel Morrison H.R. 1878 

B. R. Ca?it. Colchester, England. 

Prince Arthur H.R. 1875 

Scipion Cochet. France. 

Souv. de la Reine d'Angleterre. . . .H.R. 1S55 

Anthony Cook. (Koch.) Baltimore, Md. 

Cornelia Cook T. 1855 

Cranston &» Co. King's Acre, England. 

Climbing Jules Margottin Hy.Cl. 1375 

Sir Garnet Wolseley H.R. 1875 

Mrs. Jowitt " 1880 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 137 

Frederick Damaizin. Lyons, France. 
Introduced his first variety in 1857. 

Mademoiselle Rachel T. i860 

Madame Charles " 1864 

Abel Grand H.R. 1865 

Felix Genero " 1866 

Madame Nachury " 1873 

La Rosiere " 1874 

Davis. England. 

Penelope Mayo H. R. 1878 

* Desprez. France. 

Desprez N. 1838 

Baronne Prevost H.R. 1842 

Caroline de Sansal " 1849 

Ducher and Widow. Lyons, France. 
First variety sent out in 1852. 

Gloire de Ducher H.R. 1865 

Nardy Freres " 1865 

Antoine Ducher " 1866 

Marie Ducher T. 1868 

Ducher Beng. 1869 

Coquette de Lyon T. 1870 

Marie Van Houtte " 1871 

Perle de Lyon " 1872 

Comte de Sembui " 1874 

Jean Ducher " 1874 

Marechal Robert " 1875 

Triomphe de Milan " 1876 

Madame Maurice Kuppenheim " 1877 

Innocente Pirola " 1878 



138 THE ROSE. 



Madame Welche T. 1878 

Jean Lorthois " 1879 

Jules Finger " 1879 

Madame Louis Henry N. 1879 

Mademoiselle Ce'cile Brunner Pol. 1880 

* Feast. Baltimore, Md. 

Anna Maria P. 1843 

Baltimore Belle " 1843 

Queen of Prairies " 1843 

* Fontaine ftere. Chatillon, France. 

Queen Victoria H.R. 1850 

Mme. Chas. Crapelet " 1859 

Marie Rady " 1865 

Charles Fontaine. Chatillon, France. 

Louis Dore H.R. 1878 

Gar$on. Rouen, France. 

Mme. Hippolyte Jamain H.R. 1871 

Boieldieu " 1877 

Gautreau. France. 

Camille Bernardin H. R. 1865 

Mme. de St. Pulgent " 1872 

J. M. Gonod. Lyons, France. 
Introduced his first variety in 1863. 

Achille Gonod H.R. 1864 

Mme. Louis Donadine " 1877 

Mme. Anna de Besobrasoff " 1877 

Mme. Eugene Chambeyran " 1878 

Mile. Julie Dymonier " 1879 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 139 



Granger. 

General Washington H 

Maurice Bernardin 

Duke of Wellington 

Exposition de Brie 

Edward Morren 



1861 
1861 
1864 

1865 
1868 



* Guillot ft ere. Lyons, France. 
Introduced his first variety in 1842. 

Duchesse de Thuringe B. 1847 

Canary T. 1852 

Lord Raglan H.R. 1854 

Senateur Vaisse " 1859 

Mme. Bellenden Ker H.X. 18G6 

Monsieur Xoman H.R. 18G7 

Mme. Noman H.X. 1867 

Countess of Oxford H.R. 1869 

Eliza Boelle H.X. 1869 

J. B. Guillot fils. Lyons, France. 
Introduced his first variety in 1858. 

Mme. Falcot T. 1858 

Horace Vernet H.R. 1866 

Mme. Margottin T. 1866 

La France H.T. 1867 

Eugenie Verdier H.R. 1869 

Catherine Mermet T. 1869 

Comtesse de Xadaillac " 1871 

Abbe Bramerel H. R. 1871 

Claire Carnot N. 1873 

Aline Sisley T. 1874 



140 THE ROSE. 

Marie Guillot T. 1874 

Paquerette Pol. 1875 

Mme. Alex Bernaix H. T. 1877 

Mme. Angele Jacquier T. 1879 

Pierre Guillot H. T. 1879 

* Guinoiseau. France. 
Empereur de Maroc H.R. 1858 

* Hardy. Paris, France. 

Mme. Hardy Dam. 1832 

Bon Silene T. 1839 

Triomphe de Luxembourg " 

* Harrison. (Amateur.) New York. 

Harrison's Yellow A. 1830 

* Jacotot. (Amateur. ) France. 

Gloire de Dijon Cl.T. 1853 

Hippolyte Jamain. Paris, France. 

Mme. Boutin H.R. 1861 

Dupuy Jamain " r 868 

Constantin Tretiakoff " 1877 

Paul Jamain " 1^$ 

* Knight. England. 

Princess Louise Victoria H. CI. 1872 

Francois Lachawne. Lyons, France. 
Introduced his first variety in 1844. 

Victor Verdier H.R. 1852 

Salet P.M. 1854 

Pseonia H. R. 1855 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 141 

Anne de Diesbach H.R. 1858 

Charles Lefebvre " 1861 

Mme. A. de Rougemont H.N. 1862 

Xavier Olibo H.R. 1864 

Alfred Colomb 4 ' 1865 

Baronne de Maynard H.N. 1865 

Coquette des Alpes " 1867 

Boule de Neige " 1867 

Louis Van Houtte H.R. 1869 

Coquette des Blanches H.N. 1871 

Mme. Lacharme Hy. China 1872 

Captain Christy H.T. 1873 

Hippolyte Jamain H.R. 1874 

Countess of Serenye " 1874 

Jean Soupert " 1875 

Mme. Lambard T. 1877 

Catherine Soupert H.R. 1879 

Julius Finger H.T. 1879 

* Laffay. Bellevue, France. 

Mme. Laffay H.R. 1839 

William Jesse " 1840 

Duchess of Sutherland " 1840 

La Reine " 1844 

Princess Adelaide M. 1845 

Coupe d'Hebe Hy. China 

Auguste Mie H.R. 1851 

Laneii M. 1854 

Capt. John Ingram " 1856 

Monsieur Furtado T. 1863 

* Lansezeur. France. 

Triomphe de Rennes N. 1857 



142 THE ROSE. 



Thomas Laxton. Bedford, England. 

Annie Laxton H. R. 1869 

Princess Louise " 1869 

Empress of India " 1876 

Emily Laxton " 1877 

Marchioness of Exeter " 1877 

Mrs. Laxton " 1878 

Richard Laxton " 1878 

Charles Darwin " 1879 

Doctor Hogg " 1880 

Mrs. Harry Turner " 1880 

* Licomte. France. 

Mare'chal Vaillant H. R. 1861 

Leddchaux. France. 

Henri Ledechaux H.R. 1868 

Madame Ferdinand Janin " 1875 

Leon Renault " 1878 

Antoine Levet. Lyons, France. 
Introduced his first variety in 1866. 

Mademoiselle Therese Levet H. R. 1866 

Belle Lyonnaise Cl.T. 1869 

Madame Trifle " 1869 

Paul Neyron H.R. 1869 

Madame Berard CI. T. 1870 

Madame Jules Margottin T. 1871 

Francois Michelon H.R. 1871 

Madame Francois Janin T. 1872 

Perle des Jardins " 1874 

Antoine Mouton H. R. 1874 



RAISERS OF THE BEST HOSES. 143 

Marie Berton Cl.T. 1875 

Madame Etienne Levet Hy. T. 1878 

Mademoiselle Brigitte Violet " 1878 

Reine Marie Henriette CI. T. 1878 

Madame Ducher , H.R. 1879 

Francois Levet " 1880 

Uvigue <§n> Son. Ivry, near Paris, France. 

Due de Rohan H.R. 1861 

Emile Hausburgh " 1868 

Devienne Lamy " 1868 

Richard Wallace " 1871 

Madame Louise Leveque " 1873 

Avocat Duvivier " 1875 

Princess Charlotte " 1877 

Gaston Leveque " 1878 

Madame Chedane Guinoiseau T. 1880 

Ltabaud. Lyons, France. 
Introduced his first variety in 1852. 

Madame Clemence Joigneaux H.R. 1861 

Jean Cherpin " 1865 

Marquise de Mortemart " 1868 

Baron de Bonstetten " 1871 

Jean Liabaud " 1875 

Mademoiselle Emma Hall " 1876 

Madame de Laboulaye " 1877 

Madame Gabriel Luizet " 1878 

Claude Bernard " 1878 

* Mar est, France. 

Comtesse Cecile de Chabrillant H.R. 1859 



144 THE ROSE. 



Margottin pere. Paris, France. 

Louise Odier „ B. 1851 

Alexandrine Bachmetieff H.R. 1852 

Jules Margottin " 1853 

Triomphe de 1' Exposition " 1855 

Anne Alexieff " 1858 

Charles Margottin " 1864 

Charles Turner " 1869 

Madame de Ridder " 1871 

Triomphe de France H.R. 1875 

Madame Jeanne Joubert B. 1877 

Gloire de Bourg La Reine H.R. 1879 

Margottin fits. Paris, France. 

Comte de Mortemart H.R. 1880 

Madame Isaac Pereire B. 1880 

Moreau- Robert. Angers, France. 

Sombreuil T. 1851 

Madame Edward Ory P.M. 1854 

Homer T. 1859 

Rubens " 1859 

Blanche Moreau M. 1880 

Mottheau. France. 

Comtesse de Choiseuil H.R. 1878 

Nabonnand. Golfe Juan, France. 
Duchess of Edinburgh (sent out by 

Veitch) Hy.Beng. 1874 

Cannes La Coquette Hy.T. 1877 

La Princesse Vera T. 1878 

Duchesse de Vallombrosa " 1879 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 145 



* Nerard. France. 
Giant of Battles H.R. 



1846 



Oger. France. 

Triomphe de Beaute H.R. 1853 

Madame Pierre Oger B. 1878 

Has sent out upward of 25 varieties, none 
being of first quality. 

Paul &* Son (George Paul) . Cheshunt, Eng. 

Lord Clyde H.R. 1863 

Duke of Edinburgh " 1868 

Climbing Victor Verdier " 1871 

Cheshunt Hybrid .....H.T. 1872 

S. Reynolds Hole H.R. 1872 

The Shah " 1874 

Duke of Connaught " 1875 

Climbing Bessie Johnson " 1878 

John Bright " 1878 

Climbing Edward Morren " 1879 

Marquis of Salisbury " 1879 

DukeofTeck " 1880 

Glory of Cheshunt " 1880 



Wm. Paul 62* Son. 
Beauty of Waltham . . . 

Lord Macaulay 

Princess Beatrice 

Peach Blossom 

Queen of Waltham 

Star of Waltham 

Magna Charta 

10 



Waltham Cross, Eng. 

H.R. 1862 

1863 
1872 
1874 
1875 
1875 
1876 



146 THE ROSE. 



Queen Eleanor .H.R. 1876 

Rosy Morn " 1878 

R. Dudley Baxter " 1879 

Crown Prince " 1880 

Masterpiece " 1880 

James Pent I and. Baltimore, Md. 

Doctor Kane N. 1856 

George Peabody B. 1857 

J. Pernet. Lyons, France. 

Mademoiselle Bonnaire H.N. 1859 

Jean Pernet T. 1867 

Baroness Rothschild H.R. 1867 

Marquise de Castellane " 1869 

Mme. Caroline Kuster N. 1873 

Soupert-et-Notting P.M. 1874 

Souvenir de Mme. Pernet T. 1875 

Charles Rovolli " 1875 

Wilhelm Koelle H.R. 1878 

Ferdinand Chaffolte " 1879 

* Joshua Pierce. Washington, D. C. 

Mrs. Hovey P. 1850 

Triumphant " 1850 

* Portemer. 
Introduced his first variety about 1837. 

William Griffith H.R. 1850 

Lady Stuart Hy.Ch. 1852 

Pierre Notting. H.R. 1863 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 147 

R. B. Postans. England. 

May Quennel H.R. 1878 

Countess of Roseberry " 1879 

Duchess of Bedford " 1879 

* Pradel. France. 

Marechal Niel N. 1864 

* Rambeaux. France. 

Marie Finger H.R. 1873 

Anne Marie de Montravel Pol. 1879 

* Rousselet. France. 

General Jacqueminot H.R. 1853 

* Sansal. France. 
Marguerite de St. Amand H. R. 1864 

Joseph Schwartz. Lyons, France. 

Auguste Rigotard ..H.R. 1871 

Andre Dunand " 1871 

Duchesse de Vallombrosa " 1875 

Comtesse Riza du Pare T. 1876 

Marquise Adele de Murinais H.R. 1876 

A. K. Williams " 1877 

Egeria " 1878 

Jules Chretien " 1878 

Lord Beaconsfield " 1878 

^Tadame Auguste Perrin H.N. 1878 

Madame Oswald de Kerchove. ..... " 1879 

Reine Maria Pia Cl.T. 1880 



148 THE ROSE. 



Rev. James Sprunt y D.D. Kenansville, N. C. 

James Sprunt Beng. 1858 

Isabella Sprunt T. 1865 

* Touvazs. France. 

Due de Cazes H. R. i860 

Mme. Julie Daran " 1861 

Centifolia Rosea " 1863 

* Trouillard. Angers, France. 

Eugene Appert H. R. 1859 

Mrs. Standish " i860 

Celine Forestier N. i860 

Charles Turner. Slough, England. 

JohnS. Mill H.R. 1874 

Royal Standard " 1874 

Miss Hassard " 1875 

Rev. J. B. M. Camm " 1875 

Oxonian " 1875 

Mrs. Baker " 1875 

Dean of Windsor " 1879 

Dr. Sewell " 1879 



Harrison Weir " 1879 

* V anas c he. France. 

Leopold Premier. H.R. 1863 

Chas. Verdier. Paris. 

Duchesse de Caylus H.R. 1864 

Paul Verdier Hy.Ch. 1866 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 149 



Eugene Verdier. 

Madame Chas. Wood 

Prince Camille de Rohan .... 

Madame Victor Verdier 

George Prince 

Doctor An dry 

Fisher Holmes 

Prince de Portia 

Annie Wood 

Thomas Mills 

E. Y. Teas 

Abel Carriere 

Charles Baltet 

Madame Alphonse Lavallee . . 

Madame Eugene Verdier 

Souvenir de Victor Verdier. . . 
Comtesse de Ludre 



Paris. 
H 



R. 



* Victor Verdier. Paris. 
Introduced his first variety in 1828. 

Douglass Beng. 

Apolline Bourb. 

Jacques Vigneron. Orleans, France. 

Elizabeth Vigneron H.R. 

Glory of Waltham (sent out by W. 

Paul) Hy.Cl. 

* Vibert. Paris. 

Aimee Vibert N. 

Countess of Murinais M. 

Blanchefleur Prov. 

Glory of Mosses M. 



1861 
1861 
1863 
1864 
1864 
1865 
1865 
1866 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1877 
1878 
1878 
1878 
1879 



1848 
1848 



1865 
1865 

1828 

1843 
1846 

1852 



150 THE ROSE, 



Viennot. France. 
Marechal Vaillant H.R. 1861 

Ward. Ipswich, England. 
John Hopper H.R. 1862 

The standing of the various rosarians, now 
in business, who have sent out two or more 
sorts of good repute, is here placed in order 
of merit. 

1. Lacharme. Victor Verdier, Alfred Co- 

lomb, Coquette des Alpes, Charles Lefe- 
bvre, are varieties of marked individu- 
ality, produced by him. He has sent 
out fewer poor or indifferent sorts than 
any other large grower. He raises few 
Teas. 

2. Guillot fils. In La France and Catherine 

Mermet, he has given us new types of 
wondrous beauty. Horace Vernet, 
Eugenie Verdier, and Marie Guillot, are 
sorts scarcely less fine. He furnishes 
about equal numbers of Teas and Hy- 
brid Remontants. 

3. E. Verdier. Has sent out no Teas except 

Marechal Niel, but many more hardy 
kinds than any other grower. Most of 
those which have any value are crimson 
sorts. While he has issued far too many 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 151 

indifferent kinds, and so has injured his 
record, we cannot but be grateful to him 
for the lovely dark roses he has given us, 
like Prince Camille, Mme. Victor Ver- 
dier, and Fisher Holmes. 

4. A. Levet. F. Michelon and Perle des 

Jardins are his greatest gains. He is 
profuse in his production of climbing 
Teas of the Dijon type. 

5. Ducher. Strong in Teas. 

6. Paul & Son (George Paul). Has given us 

some dark kinds of wondrous beauty, 
but they do not thrive in our extreme 
climate. Perhaps some of his newer 
ones will be better adapted to our re- 
quirements. We miss very much in not 
being able to grow well S. Reynolds 
Hole, etc. 

7. Schwartz. A. K. Williams and Egeria are 

among the most beautiful roses, but lack 
a good constitution. Mesdames Auguste 
Perrin and Oswald de Kerchove are new 
types, valuable additions to the Hybrid 
Noisette family. 

8. Wm. Paul & Son. Although this firm 

have sent out no roses of sensational 
beauty, they have given some that have 
been useful in their day. 

9. Laxton. Those of his raising and Charles 



152 THE ROSE. 



Turner's are, so far, the most useful 
English roses for our climate. 

10. Pernet. Baroness Rothschild and Sou- 
pert-et-Notting are his distinctive sorts. 

ii. Turner. A raiser with an active con- 
science. Would there were more ! 

12. Margottin. His roses have at least been 
distinct. 

13. Liabaud. In the contest for supremacy 
has brought out some dark horses that 
have some years won the race. 

14. Bennett. 

15. Moreau-Robert. 

16. Damaizin. 

17. Leveque. 

18. Granger. 

19. Cranston & Co. 

20. Postans. 

21. Gonod. 

22. Sprunt. 

23. Nabonnand. This gentleman has sent 
out some seventy varieties, mostly Teas, 
but for some reason (is it lack of merit?) 
they have not taken well with the public. 

24. Gargon. 

25. Jamain. 

26. Rambaux. 

27. Gautreau. 

28. Ledechaux. 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 153 

29. Charles Verdier. 

30. Vigneron. 

31. Margottin fils. 

32. Oger. Last and least, is one of the oldest 
raisers who has sent out a large mimber 
of sorts, but the rose public, perhaps be- 
ing prejudiced, have never seen merit in 
anything he has produced. 

Lest this list of raisers may seem to have 
been too arbitrarily arranged, we subjoin a 
list gauged according to the number and 
standing of the varieties which represent 
them (the raisers), as given in the election of 
exhibition roses, held in England last sum- 
mer. The result of this election was pub- 
lished in the Journal of Horticulture, October 
6th, 1 88 1, the best twelve varieties standing 
in the following order of merit : Marie Bau- 
mann, Alfred Colomb, Baroness Rothschild, 
Charles Lefebvre, Marquise de Castellane, 
Duke of Edinburgh, Louis Van Houtte, 
Marechal Niel, Marie Rady, La France, A. 
K. Williams, Etienne Levet. The names of 
eighty-eight varieties are noted, and the 
total number of votes giving the several 
varieties of each raiser determine the relative 
standing of the raisers. The names of those 
rosarians now living, as gauged by this elec- 
tion, rank in the following order : 



154 



THE ROSE. 



1. E. Verdier 12 sorts 

2. Lacharme 11 " 

3. Guillot fils 5 " 

4. Levet 4 " 

5. Paul & Son. ... 4 " 

6. Pernet 2 " 

7. Schwartz 3 " 

8. W. Paul & Son. 4 " 

9. Granger 3 " 

10. Baumann 1 " 

11. Jamain 2 " 

12. Liabaud 2 " 

13. Leveque 3 " 

14. Turner 3 " 

15. Laxton 3 " 

16. Ducher 

17. Gautreau 

18. Ward 

19. Cranston 

20. Rambaux 

21. Postans 

22. Damaizin 

23. Garcon 

24. Davis 

25. C. Fontaine . . 



423 votes. 

409 " 

204 " 

146 " 

140 " 

132 " 

112 " 

101 " 

68 " 

67 " 

64 " 

63 " 

57 " 

43 " 

40 " 

36 " 

34 " 

34 " 

28 " 

26 " 

22 " 

20 " 

15 " 

11 " 

10 " 



It is to be noted that Tea Roses, in the 
election, play an unimportant part, as in 
England they are mostly grown under glass, 



RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 155 

and for exhibition purposes are only to be 
had in small quantities. Some voters did not 
consider the Teas at all, confining their votes 
to hardy varieties, doing this on account of 
the radical differences which exist between 
the two classes. This has an important bear- 
ing in estimating the comparative standing 
of the various growers ; thus, Ducher's/<?r/£ 
has been the production of fine Tea Roses, 
and this last list does not give him his just 
position. We must consider it therefore 
from the standpoint of hardy exhibition vari- 
eties; in doing this, we find an interesting 
impartial comparison. Seven raisers named 
in our list find no representation in the elec- 
tion list, these are Sprunt, Nabonnand, Le- 
dechaux, Charles Verdier, Vigneron, Mar- 
gottin fils, and Oger. We believe our own 
list to represent more correctly the compara- 
tive merit of the various producers of new 
roses; but the latter, as has been said, is 
certainly impartial, and is the more gladly 
inserted, to show that we have no bias that 
influenced us in our arrangement. 



XIII. 

THE SEED PARENTS OF THE LEADING ROSES. 

UR information, whenever possible, 
has been obtained from the raisers 
themselves; there may be some 
inaccuracies, but great pains have 
been taken to make the list as comprehensive 
and correct as possible. It will be observed 
that General Jacqueminot, Jules Margottin, 
and Victor Verdier have been the most used 
as parent sorts. While we hope this list will 
be of general interest, it will, we are sure, 
be of value to those engaged in raising 
new varieties. Seme few of the varieties 
are crosses from two known sorts, but only 
the female parent is given ; this is the case 
with all the Hybrid Teas of Bennett ; the full 
parentage of these kinds maybe found in the 
catalogue of varieties. It must not be in- 
ferred that all the varieties that bear seed 
freely are included in this list ; on the con- 
trary, some of the most productive have no 
representation — such are Baron Chaurand, 
156 



SEED PARENTS OF LEADING ROSES. 157 

Jean Cherpin, Dr. de Chains, Thomas Mills ; 
while Victor Verdier and Giant of Battles, 
which seem to seed freely in Lyons, France, 
rarely bring seed to perfection in Rochester. 

Alba Rosea (Tea). — Beanty of Stapleford 
(Hy. Tea), Nancy Lee (Hy. Tea). 

Anne de Diesbach. — Princess Marie Dolgo- 
ronky. 

Annie Wood. — Edward Dufour. 

Antoine Ducher. — Edward Pynaert, Ernest 
Prince, John Saul. 

Baroness Rothschild. — Marie Louise Pernet. 

Baron de Bonstetten. — Jean Liabaud. 

Beauty of Waltham. — John Stuart Mill, 
Masterpiece. 

Catherine Mermet (Tea). — Jules Finger. 

Charles Lefebvre. — General Von Moltke, 
Glory of Cheshunt, Harrison Weir, Henry 
Bennett, Jean Soupert, Mme. Anna de Beso- 
brasoff, Mrs. Harry Turner, President Leon 
de St. Jean, Rev. W. H. Stomers, Souvenir 
du Dr. Jamain, W. Wilson Saunders. 

Cloth of Gold (Noisette). — Isabella Gray, 
Mme. Miolan Carvalho. 

Comtessede la Bar the (Tea). — Countess Riza 
du Pare, Mme. Joseph Schwartz. 

Countess of Oxford.— Dumnacus, Mme. 
Bruel. 



158 THE ROSE. 



Devoniensis (Tea). — Cornelia Koch, Ma- 
dame Welche. 

Duchess of Sutherland. — Elizabeth Vigne- 
ron, Princess M. of Cambridge, Thyra Ham- 
merich. 

Duchess of Edinburgh (Bengal or Tea). — 
Alphonse Karr. 

Duke of Edinburgh. — Doctor Hooker, Duke 
of Teck, Robert Marnock, S. Reynolds Hole, 
Sultan of Zanzibar, The Shah. 

General Jacqueminot. — Alfred Colomb, Al- 
fred de Rougemont, Andre Leroy, Baron 
de Rothschild, Camille Bernardin, Charles 
Lefebvre, Duke of Edinburgh, Dupuy Jamain, 
Gloire de Santhenay, Horace Vernet, Le 
Rhone, Leopold Premier, Maurice Bernardin, 
Oriflamme de St. Louis, Prince Arthur, 
Richard Smith, Senateur Vaisse, Triomphe 
des Beaux Arts, Xavier Olibo. 

Giant of Battles. — Abbe Bramerel, Arthur 
de Sansal, Cardinal Patrizzi, Empereur de 
Maroc, Eugene Appert, Eveque de Nimes, 
Lord Raglan, Louis Chaix, Mrs. Standish, 
Vainqueur de Solferino. 

Gloire de Dijon (Tea).— Antonia Decarli, 
Beaute de 1' Europe, Belle Lyonnaise, Gloire 
de Bordeaux, Jean Lorthois, Mme. Berard, 
Mme. Levet, Mme. Trifle, Marie Berton, 



SEED PARENTS OF LEADING ROSES. 159 

Mathilde Lenaerts, Miss May Paul, Reine 
Maria Pia, Stephanie et Rodolphe. 

John Hopper. — Ambrogio Maggi. 

Jules Margottin. — Abel Grand, Achille 
Gonod, Berthe Baron, Boieldieu, Charles 
Margottin, Claude Bernard, Duchess of Val- 
lombrosa, Edward Morren, Egeria, Emily Lax- 
ton, John Hopper, Madame Gabriel Luizet, 
Madame Lacharme, Marchioness of Exeter, 
Marguerite de St. Amande, Marquise de 
Mortemart, Monsieur Noman, Paeonia, Peach 
Blossom, Violette Bouyer. 

La Reine. — Anne de Diesbach, Auguste 
Mie, Francois Michelon, Gloire de Vitry, 
Louise Peyronny, Marguerite Dombrain, 
Mere de St. Louis, Reine des Blanches, Reine 
du Midi, Souvenir de la Reine d'Angleterre, 
Ville de St. Denis. 

Lamar que (Noisette). — Cloth of Gold, La 
Jonquille (Tea), Le Pactole, Solfaterre, 
Triomphe de Rennes. 

Lion des Combats. — A. M. Ampere. 

Louise Odier (Bourbon). — Catherine Guillot, 
Comtesse de Barbantanne, Modele de Per- 
fection. 

Madame Boutin. — Madame Marthe d'Hal- 
loy. 

Madame Charles Wood. — Guillaume Gille- 
mont. 



i6o THE ROSE. 



Madame de Tartas (Tea). — Baron Alex- 
andre de Vrints, Marie Van Hotitte. 

Madame de St. Joseph (Tea).— Hon. George 
Bancroft (Hy. Tea). 

Madame Falcot (Tea).— Madame Azelie 
Imbert, Madame Bernard, Mile. Blanche 
Durschmidt. 

Madame Julie Daran. — Charles Darwin. 

Madame Laffay. — Marquise A. de Murinais. 

Madame Recamier. — Eliza Boelle, Madame 
Noman. 

Madame Victor Verdier — Comte de Flandres, 
Mrs. Laxton, Souvenir de Spa. 

Madame Vidot. — Princess Louise. 

Marguerite de St. Amande. — Miss Hassard. 

Marie Rady. — Mrs. Jowitt. 

Ophirie (Noisette). — Duarte d'Oliveira, Ma 
Capucine, Souvenir de Paul Neyron. 

Paul Neyron. — George Moreau, Ulrich 
Brunner. 

President (Tea). — Duchess of Connaught, 
Duchess of Westminster, Duke of Connaught, 
Jean Sisley, Michael Saunders, Pearl, Vis- 
countess Falmouth. These are all Hybrids, 
raised by Bennett. 

Sajrano (Tea).— Madame Charles, Madame 
Falcot, Safrano a fleur rouge. 

Sinateur Vaisse.— Anicet Bourgeois, Ma- 
dame Adelaide Cote. 



SEED PARENTS OF LEADING ROSES. 161 

Solfaterre (Noisette). — America, Caroline 
Schmitt. 

Souvenir de la Reine d' Angleterre. — Mdlle. 
Emma Hall, Monsieur Jules Monges. 

Souvenir de la Reine des Beiges. — Madame 
Crassy. 

Trio?nphe des Beaux Arts. — Empress of 
India. 

Triomphe de V Exposition. — General Wash- 
ington, Marechal Forey, President Mas, Ma- 
dame Jules Grevy. 

Victor Verdier. — Andre Dunand, Captain 
Christy, Charles Verdier, Countess of Oxford, 
Etienne Levet, Helen Paul, Hippolyte 
Jamain, Julius Finger, Madame Devert, 
Madame George Schwartz, Madame Marie 
Bianchi, Mademoiselle Eugenie Verdier, 
Mademoiselle Marie Cointet, Marie Finger, 
Maxime de la Rocheterie, Mrs. Baker, 
Oxonian, Paul Neyron, President Thiers, 
Souvenir du President Porcher. 

Yellow Tea. — Devoniensis. 
ii 



XIV. 

PERMANENT COLORS — TOO-MUCH-ALIKE ROSES. 
HOW TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN SIMILAR 
VARIETIES. 

I^jjg&fj MONG the many desirable qualities 
;i|y|||i| which we should look for in our 
bIhISPI ^ est roses ' permanency of color is 
fc^ : "r5k| not the least important. I have 
reference more particularly to the Remontant 
or Hybrid Perpetual varieties ; but my re- 
marks will also apply to the other classes, 
though perhaps in less degree. It has no 
doubt often been noticed how differently the 
various varieties of roses will impress us in 
different seasons ; that is, a kind which ex- 
cites our highest admiration one year may 
more or less disappoint us the next. This 
arises from various causes, but chief among 
them is the variation in color produced by 
different conditions of sunlight, heat, mois- 
ture, etc. To know what are the most perma- 
nent colors among the innumerable varieties 
found in the catalogues becomes, therefore, 
162 



PERMANENT COLORS. 163 

a matter of considerable importance, enabling 
us to place in favored situations those sorts 
easily affected by these several conditions, 
and, if necessary, giving positions exposed 
to the direct rays of the sun to those varieties 
which have proved best able to endure them. 
The most severe ordeal which tries the color 
of a rose is an excess of moisture followed 
by a hot sun. Exposed to these conditions 
many of our choicest sorts, of which Charles 
Lefebvre and Countess of Oxford are notable 
examples, lose their pristine brilliancy or 
purity, and become lamentably faded and 
sullied. Others, like Louis Van Houtte and 
Marie Baumann, are under such circum- 
stances much less injured, and though losing 
some of their original freshness still remain 
exceedingly attractive. Dark roses are, as 
a rule, the first to fade; their glory passes 
away very much sooner than is the case with 
the rose-colored varieties and those of light 
shades. Among the crimson sorts we have 
observed none which retains its color so well 
as Louis Van Houtte ; this quality, combined 
with fine form, fragrance, and freedom of 
bloom, places it at the head of all crimson- 
maroon roses. Varieties of somewhat lighter 
shade that rank high for permanency of 
color are, General Jacqueminot, Charles 



1 64 THE ROSE. 



Margottin, Marie Baumann, Alfred Colomb. 
Among the shades of rose that are most du- 
rable, we find Marquise de Castellane, Rev. J. 
B. M. Camm, Madame Louis Leveque, Mar- 
guerite de St. Amand, Jules Margottin. 

From the pink sorts we choose Eugenie 
Verdier, Egeria, Monsieur Noman, Baroness 
Rothschild, Captain Christy, Countess of 
Serenye. 

Among roses that fade quickly when ex- 
posed to the adverse influences spoken of, 
are found many of our most beautiful varie- 
ties ; by taking pains to place these in the 
most favored locations we can aid in retain- 
ing the natural shades, and thus greatly en- 
hance the value of each kind. All of the 
Victor Verdier type, except the light ones 
like Eugenie Verdier; all of the Giant of 
Battles type, all of the Duke of Edinburgh 
type, all of the Charles Lefebvre family, Dr. 
Andry, Gloire de Ducher, Madame de Ridder, 
Andre Dunand, Camille Bernardin, Jean 
Cherpin, Madame Nachury, Emilie Haus- 
burgh, are examples of beautiful but non- 
permanent colors. 

Synonymous, or too-much-alike Roses. — 
A drawback to the purchase of new varieties 
is the knowledge, gained from past experi- 
ence, that a large number of those sent out 



PERMANENT COLORS. 165 

as new sorts are not sufficiently distinct from 
known varieties to prove of any value. This 
is notably the case with the French roses. 
In England, more care has been exercised 
in disseminating new kinds than in France, 
and in ordering English roses we can do so 
with some confidence that they will at least 
be distinct. Before enlarging our already 
cumbersome list of varieties, we think it of 
great importance to thoroughly sift the sorts 
now commonly grown, and where two or 
more varieties bear a strong resemblance to 
each other in the appearance of the flowers, to 
reject the inferior kinds. As roses which 
are synonymous, or too much alike, as re- 
gards the form and color of the flowers, we 
note the following kinds : 

Hybrid Remontant. 

Alfred Colomb and Wilhelm Koelle. 
Anne de Diesbach and Gloire de Paris. 
Auguste Mie, Mme. Rival, and Blanche de 

Beaulieu. 
Baron de Bonstetten and Baron Chaurand. 
Boieldieu and Mme. Boll. 
Charles Lefebvre and Marguerite Brassac. 
Countess Cecile and William Griffith. 
Coquette des Blanches, Baronne de May- 



1 66 THE ROSE. 



nard, Louise d'Arzens, Mme. A. de 

Rougemont, and Perfection des Blanches. 
Egeria, Princess Mary of Cambridge, and 

Peach Blossom. 
*Eugenie Verdier, Marie Finger, and Mme. 

Louis Donadine. 
*E. Y. Teas, Senateur Vaisse, and Francois 

Fontaine. 
General Jacqueminot, La Brillante, Tri- 

omphe d'Amiens, Triomphe de Beaute, 

and Richard Smith. 
General Washington and President Lin- 
coln. 
*Hippolyte Jamain, Etienne Levet, and 

President Thiers. 
La Reine and Reine du Midi. 
La Rosiere, Prince Camille, Edouard 

Dufour, and Souvenir d' Auguste Riviere. 
Louise Peyronny and Laelia. 
Lyonnaise, Mme. George Schwartz, and 

Mile. F. de la Forest. 
Madame Boutin and Christine Nilsson. 
Madame Joly and Michael Bonnet. 
Marechal Vaillant, Avocat Duvivier, and 

Pourpre d' Orleans. 
*Maurice Bernardin, Exposition de Brie, 

Ferdinand de Lesseps, and Sir Garnet 

Wolseley. 
Madame Noman and Mile. Bonnaire. 



PERMANENT COLORS. 167 

Mrs. Standish, Cardinal Patrizzi, and Vain- 

queur de Solferino. 
Miss Hassard, Elizabeth Vigneron, Duchess 

of Edinburgh, and Duchesse de Vallom- 

brosa. 
Portland Blanche and Blanche Vibert. 
Souvenir de la Reine des Beiges and 

Prince Albert. 

Tea Roses. 
Adam and President. 
Bon Silene and Goubault. 
Bougere and Clothilde. 
Caroline and Victoria Modeste. 
Elise Sauvage and L' Enfant Trouve. 
Gloire de Dijon, Antonia Decarli, and 

Mme. Levet. 
Le Pactole, Louise de Savoie. and Marechal 

Beauregard. 
*Madame Bravy, Alba Rosea, and Mme. 

Sertot. 
Madame Frangois Janin and Mile. Lazarine 

Poizeau. 
Madame Joseph Halphen, Bella, Isabella, 

Pauline Plantier, and Arch-Duchess 

Therese Isabelle. 
Madame Maurin and Madame Denis. 
Marie Guillot and Triomphe de Milan. 
Narcisse and Enfant de Lyon. 



1 68 THE ROSE. 



*Niphetos and Mathilde. 
Perle des Jardins and Perle de Lyon. 
Safrano and Madame Charles. 
Souvenir d'tm Ami and Queen Victoria. 

Hybrid Climbing. 
Fortune's Yellow and Beauty of Glazen- 
wood. 

Bourbon. 

Apolline and Pierre de St. Cyr. 

Catherine Guillot and Michael Bonnet. 

George Peabody, Cornice de Tarn-et- 
Garonne, Dr. Berthet, Dr. Lepretre, 
Ferdinand Deppe, General Blanchard, 
Geo. Cuvier, Jupiter, Omar Pacha, Pro- 
serpine, and Souvenir de l'Exposition. 

Hermosa, Armosa, Mme. Neumann, and 
Setina. 

Louise Odier and Madame de Stella. 

*Marechal Villars and Belle Isadore. 

Paul Joseph and Charles Martel. 

Phoenix and Yebles. 

Bengal. 
Agrippina, Cramoisi-Superieur, and Eblou- 

issante. 
Antheros, Buret, Louis Philippe, President 

d'Olbecque, Prince Eugene, Purple 

Crown, and Triumphant. 



PERMANENT COLORS. 169 

Noisette. 

Champney's Pink Cluster, Belle Marseil- 
laise, and Miss Glegg. 
Gloth of Gold and Chromatella. 
Eugene Pirolle and Admiral Rigney. 
Fellenberg and Beauty of Greenmount. 
Isabella Gray and Jane Hardy. 
Lamarque and Jeanne d'Arc. 
Solfaterre and Augusta. 

Moss. 

William Lobb and Duchesse d'Ystrie. 
Gracilis, Prolific, and Charles Morel. 
Oscar Le Clerc and Madame Bouton. 

Many of these roses are identical in all re- 
spects save name ; the others are certainly 
too much alike to be grown, even in the 
largest collections; for though there may 
exist some considerable difference in the 
habit of growth of a few of those coupled to- 
gether, the distinction between the flowers is 
exceedingly slight, such as can be observed 
by experts only. I have in every case placed 
first the variety which seems on the whole 
the most worthy of being retained ; in a few 
instances I have found it difficult to make a 
decision, this is where an asterisk (*) is pre- 
fixed to the name. In all these cases (*) we 



7Q THE ROSE. 



shall make further study of the slight differ- 
ences which exist between the varieties so as 
to determine the best ; we hope to have the 
aid of others in this matter. 

HOW TO DISTINGUISH VARIETIES. — Old 

rosarians may need no instruction in this 
matter, but we believe some useful hints may 
be given to amateurs who find difficulty in 
ascertaining the difference which exists be- 
tween varieties that resemble each other. 
The chief value of such knowledge is in the 
power given of determining what sorts should 
be retained as the best of their type, and 
what rejected as similar but inferior to them. 
The flower is naturally the first to claim our 
attention ; observe first the color, second the 
form, degree of fulness, and size, third the 
fragrance. Next, examine the vigor and 
habit of growth, whether the shoots are up- 
right or spreading ; the joints between leaf- 
stalks, whether close together (short joints), 
or widely separated (long joints) ; the thorns, 
whether they be many or few in num- 
ber, their thickness, length, color, whether 
straight or hooked ; the leaf-stalks and foliage, 
whether the leaflets be five, seven, nine, or 
eleven in number ; the color of the foliage 
and bark, sometimes dark green, sometimes 
pale, occasionally brown or red; further, 



PERMANENT COLORS. 171 

whether the leaves be small or large, round 
or long, indented or regular, glaucous and 
smooth, or curled and rough. Then also we 
have to consider the productiveness and con- 
tinuity of bloom, and the hardiness of the 
plant. A year ago I made the discovery of 
a fact which has an important bearing in this 
matter. The majority of Hybrid Remontant 
Roses have five leaflets, though quite a num- 
ber of kinds in the class are freely furnished 
with seven. My discovery was this: All 
Hybrid Remontant Roses that have seven 
leaflets are light-colored sorts, rose-color, 
pink, etc. Excepting A. Geoffroy St. Hilaire 
there is no red or crimson Remontant having 
seven leaflets ; by this I do not mean that a 
leaf-stalk of a red or crimson sort is never 
furnished with more than five leaflets ; iso- 
lated cases can be observed where seven leaf- 
lets are found, just as four and five leaved 
clover-stalks now and then come to notice. 

As a practical illustration of our comments 
on how to distinguish between similar varie- 
ties, we invite the amateur to study and com- 
pare Alfred Colomb, Marie Baumann, and 
Marie Rady; three of our best roses, sorts 
which have many qualities in common, so 
much so that the inexperienced, when first ob- 
serving them together, might pronounce them 



172 THE ROSE. 



the same rose. But the expert at once sees 
distinctive traits that separate one from the 
other, he notices that Alfred Colomb is the 
darkest in shade of the three, that it has a 
more globular, pointed bud and flower than 
Marie Baumann ; that the wood is much more 
smooth than the others ; that late in the season 
the flowers have more substance and are of 
better quality than Marie Baumann. So, 
early in the year, he would select Marie 
Baumann or Marie Rady as in a degree the 
most beautiful ; the former more circular and 
symmetrical, if possible, than Alfred Colomb ; 
the latter with more substance, and better 
filled out. And, so continuing the examina- 
tion, it is found that these roses are suffi- 
ciently distinct, one from the other, both in 
flower and habit, to make the presence of all 
three most desirable in all choice collections. 
Now take up Maurice Bernardin and its near 
relatives. Very close and minute examina- 
tions enable us to detect variations in one 
way and another, but these variations are so 
slight that we come to the decision that one 
name will answer for all. It takes close and 
continued observation to determine which is 
most worthy of retention. The choice in this 
case certainly lies between Maurice Bernardin 
and Ferdinand de Lesseps. Sir Garnet 



PERMANENT COLORS. 173 

Wolseley has been thought a trifle fuller and 
of higher finish than the others, but it is less 
productive and more tender. A study of the 
other varieties coupled together as synony- 
mous or too much alike, will develop simi- 
lar conclusions. 



XV. 



TYPICAL ROSES. CHARACTERISTICS WHICH 
ARE COMMON TO CERTAIN VARIETIES IN 
DIFFERENT CLASSES. 

O know the peculiarities which 
pertain to certain families of Hy- 
brid Remontant and other roses, 
would be advantageous to differ- 
ent people in many ways. There are some 
types, such as La Reine, Jules Margottin, 
Victor Verdier, and Giant of Battles families, 
which are quite marked in their characteris- 
tics. If all new roses were classified or de- 
scribed as being of such and such origin, or 
as belonging to a certain class, it would be 
of great value. The nurseryman is unwill- 
ing, with some exceptions, to undertake the 
propagation of a kind which will not root and 
grow freely ; he also desires such as are of 
healthy habit and good constitution, in ad- 
dition to excellence in color and form of 
flower. The amateur, perhaps, would not 
knowingly purchase a variety devoid of 
174 



TYPICAL ROSES. 175 

fragrance, or one which is not a free autum- 
nal bloomer. The florist would require that 
a variety should be of steadfast color, one 
that does not quickly fade ; or that it should 
be useful to force, yielding flowers in abun- 
dance, etc. If, therefore, new roses were de- 
scribed as belonging to the La Reine or 
Victor Verdier type, we should have some 
very important knowledge of their qualities, 
since these roses have imparted to their pro- 
geny certain distinct attributes by which 
they may readily be distinguished from 
others. A consideration of the different 
prominent types found among Hybrid Re- 
montant and other classes of roses may be 
studied with interest and profit. 

Baronne Prevost Type. — The year 1842 
ushered in to rosarians what is now the oldest 
type of roses in the class, viz., Baronne Pre- 
vost. It is not a numerous family, and is 
also of less importance to us than many of 
the others, but we can well imagine what 
pleasure it gave, in years gone by, to the 
rosarians of the day. This type makes long, 
stout shoots, fortified with red thorns of un- 
equal length, but generally short; foliage 
rather oval, somewhat crimpled; flowers 
large, or very large, of flat shape, very full, 
fragrant, of some shade of rose. It is the 



176 THE ROSE. 



most hardy type we have. The varieties 
commonly grown are Boieldieu, Caroline de 
Sansal, Colonel de Rougemont, Madame 
Boll, Oderic Vital. They are all free bloom- 
ers in autumn. 

La Reine Type. — In 1844, Laffay intro- 
duced what he loyally named Rose of the 
Queen (Rose de la Reine). This variety 
bore royal sway for many years ; it not only 
still sells well and is to be considered a use- 
ful rose, but it should also have our esteem 
as being the parent of a most useful family. 
The wood is light green, furnished with oc- 
casional thorns; of strong growth; foliage 
pale green and crimpled. Flowers various 
shades of rose, generally of semi-globular 
form, large, somewhat fragrant; free in the 
autumn; quite hardy, enduring more cold 
than any of the other families except Baronne 
Prevost. The leading sorts are : Anne de 
Diesbach, Antoine Mouton, Auguste Mie, 
Belle Normande, Francois Michelon, Gloire 
de Vitry, Laelia, Louise Peyronny, Madame 
Alice Dureau, Mme. Nachury, Paul Neyron, 
Reine du Midi, Ville de St. Denis. 

Giant of Battles Type. — The founder of 
this family was introduced by Nerard in 
1846, and doubtless has Bourbon blood in its 
veins. The colors are various shadings of 



TYPICAL ROSES. 177 

crimson, very rich and effective when in per- 
fection, but very fleeting ; the sun soon gives 
them a muddy hue. The flowers are well 
shaped, but small, and have slight fragrance ; 
they are very freely produced in the spring 
and summer months, but, as a rule, not in 
the autumn. The shoots are of moderate or 
short growth, short jointed, erect, very stiff, 
and covered with very numerous reddish 
thorns. The foliage is of lustrous dark green, 
very subject to mildew. They are difficult 
to propagate from cuttings, and liable to 
injury from frost. The leading sorts are: 
Arthur de Sansal, Cardinal Patrizzi, Crimson 
Bedder, Empereur de Maroc, Eugene Appert, 
Eveque de Nimes, Lord Raglan, Louis Chaix, 
Mrs. Standish, Vainqueur de Solferino. 

General Jacqueminot Type.— In 1852, 
the head of what is now considered the most 
valuable type made his bow to an admiring 
world ; clad in rich crimson livery he still 
commands respect and admiration, and mar- 
shalled under his generalship is the army of 
dark roses, which so excite and please our 
senses by their charms and loveliness. This 
family probably originated from the old Hy- 
brid China Gloire des Rosomanes ; they are 
moderately hardy, but less so than those of 
the Baronne Prevost, Jules Margottin and La 



178 THE ROSE. 



Reine types. The flowers are invariably 
shades of red and crimson, generally highly 
perfumed, freely produced in the spring, but 
varying greatly as to their autumnal bloom. 
As a family they are much more shy in the 
autumn than any of the others. 

The shoots are of vigorous growth, not 
very thick, generally upright, with quite 
numerous light green spines; the foliage 
handsome, rather pointed. It is now the 
most numerous of the families, popular taste 
demanding crimson roses and those of dark 
shades. Leading varieties of the type are : 
Beauty of Waltham, Camille Bernardin, 
Dupuy Jamain, Leopold Premier, Marie 
Baumann, Marie Rady, Maurice Bernardin, 
Pierre Notting, Prince Arthur. There are 
also Charles Lefebvre, Alfred Colomb, Duke 
of Edinburgh, Prince Camille, and Senateur 
Vaisse, which are supposed to be seedlings of 
Jacqueminot, but they cluster about them 
other varieties of the family, and are worthy 
of separate mention and consideration. 

Victor Verdier Type. — The head of this 
family originated with Lacharme, of Lyons, 
and was sent out by him in 1852. It is doubt- 
less from one of the La Reine type crossed 
with some monthly rose, probably a Bourbon. 
The descendants are very numerous, and in 



TYPICAL ROSES. 179 

spite of their rather tender habits form a 
valuable group, being the most free flowering 
of them all; had they but fragrance they 
would be unrivalled ; but, alas ! they are de- 
void of scent, and therefore cannot rank as 
high as the others. Fine feathers alone do 
not constitute fine birds, and surely fragrance 
is to the rose what song is to the bird. The 
shoots are of moderate growth, stout, upright, 
nearly smooth, of a reddish green, with an 
occasional reddish thorn ; the foliage is very 
large, of a deep lustrous green, very attrac- 
tive. The flowers are large, well built up; 
generally shades of rose and pink prevail. It 
is the best adapted for forcing in winter of 
all the families. 

The leading varieties grown are Andre 
Dunand, Captain Christy, Charles Verdier, 
Countess of Oxford, Etienne Levet, Hippolyte 
Jamain, Julius Finger, Mme. Geo. Schwartz, 
Mme. Devert, Mme. Eugene Chambeyran, 
Mme. Louis Donadine, Mme. Maxime de la 
Rocheterie, Mile. Eugenie Verdier, Marie 
Cointet, Marie Finger, Mrs. Baker, Oxonian 
(somewhat fragrant), President Thiers, Pride 
of Waltham, Rosy Morn, Souvenir du Presi- 
dent Porcher. 

Jules Margottin Type. — In 1853 Jules 
Margottin, of Bourg-la-Reine, near Paris, 



i8o THE ROSE. 



sent out a fine rose, which he called after 
himself ; though he has been raising seedling 
roses ever since, none of them have quite 
come up to this in worth. Wood, light green ; 
sharp, red thorns, somewhat numerous; 
shoots rather stout and generally of vigorous 
growth. Crimpled foliage. Flowers of large 
size, very full, somewhat flat shape, mostly 
shades of rose and carmine, almost without 
perfume; generally free in the autumn. 
They are very hardy ; as a rule difficult of 
propagation from cuttings, but making very 
vigorous plants when budded. 

Abel Grand, Achille Gonod, Bessie Johnson 
(quite fragrant), Claude Bernard, Countess 
of Serenye, Duchesse de Vallombrosa, Ed- 
ward Morren, Egeria, Emily Laxton, John 
Hopper, Magna Charta, Madame Gabriel 
Luizet, Madame Lacharme, Madame Louis 
Leveque, Mademoiselle Therese Levet, 
Marchioness of Exeter, Marguerite de St. 
Amand, Marquise de Castellane, Miss Hassard 
(scented), Monsieur Noman, Paeonia, Peach 
Blossom, Princess Mary of Cambridge, Rev. 
J. B. M. Camm (very sweet), are the leading 
sorts. 

Senateur Vaisse Type. — Senateur Vaisse 
was introduced in 1859. In this family we 
find what are perhaps the most perfectly 



TYPICAL ROSES. 



formed flowers. The varieties are of moder- 
ate growth, with smoother wood than most 
dark roses; the foliage, too, is more round 
and of a deeper green. Anicet Bourgeois 
(new), E. Y. Teas, Madame Adelaide Cote 
(new), Madame Victor Verdier, and Mrs. 
Laxton are members of this group. 

Charles Lefebvre Type. — Lacharme in- 
troduced Charles Lefebvre in 1861. He be- 
lieves that it is the result of a cross (I infer 
by natural agencies) between Victor Verdier 
and General Jacqueminot ; it certainly shows 
many of the characteristics of these two sorts. 
The wood and foliage are light green ; oc- 
casionally armed with pale red thorns, but as 
a rule the wood is very smooth. The flowers 
are more waving in outline than any of the 
other families ; the habit of growth is free, 
intermediate between Victor Verdier and 
General Jacqueminot. Glory of Cheshunt, 
Harrison Weir, Henry Bennett, Madame 
Anna de Besobrasoff, Marguerite Brassac, 
Paul Jamain, President Leon de St. Jean, and 
W. Wilson Saunders are marked members of 
this type. Dr. Andry, Horace Vernet, Lord 
Macaulay, Mrs. Harry Turner, Rev. W. H. 
Stomers and Souvenir du Dr. Jamain, also 
seem to find a place in this group. 



1 82 THE ROSE. 



Prince Camille Type. — In 1861 E. Verdier 
sent out Prince Camille de Rohan. In this 
type we find the darkest, most velvety roses. 
It would seem as though this family must 
have been produced by the blending of Gen- 
eral Jacqueminot with Giant of Battles. 
The varieties are of vigorous or free 
growth ; the wood is somewhat darker, the 
spines less numerous, the habit more spread- 
ing than in those of the Jacqueminot type. 
None of them bloom freely in the autumn, 
but in the spring their wondrous rich crimson 
shades gain more admirers than any others. 
Baron Chaurand, Baron de Bonstetten, La 
Rosiere, Monsieur Boncenne, are prominent 
members of this family. Abel Carriere, Jean 
Liabaud, Jean Soupert, and Souvenir d'Au- 
guste Riviere can also be classed with these ; 
though they show more of the Giant of Bat- 
tles character than the former, and might 
therefore not inappropriately be placed by 
themselves. 

Alfred Colomb Type. — Alfred Colomb, 
sent out in 1865, has a somewhat similar habit 
of growth to General Jacqueminot, but the 
thorns are much less numerous, and with a 
more yellow hue ; the flowers are also fuller 
and more globular, and blossom much more 
abundantly. A. K. Williams, Madame Al- 



TYPICAL ROSES. 183 

phonse Lavallee, and Wilhelm Koelle, may 
be grouped under this head. 

Duke of Edinburgh Type.— The only 
English rose which is the head of a type was 
sent out by George Paul in 1868. The habit 
of growth is much like that of Jacqueminot, 
but the foliage is generally longer and larger. 
The flowers are not permanent in color, 
burning very quickly in the sun, and are very 
sparsely produced in the autumn. It is a 
very beautiful family when grown in a moist, 
cool climate ; but there are few of the mem- 
bers that will do well under our hot sun. 
The varieties best known, mostly of recent 
origin, are: Brightness of Cheshunt, Dr. 
Hooker, Duke of Connaught, Duke of Teck, 
Robert Marnock, S. Reynolds Hole, Sultan of 
Zanzibar, The Shah. 

All of the types described above belong 
to the Hybrid Remontant Class of Roses. 
Among the Hybrid Noisettes we find two 
types, the first is the — 

Mademoiselle Bonnaire Type.— The 
flowers are of medium size, and of circular, 
very beautiful form. The growth is moderate 
or dwarf. The foliage is rather small and 
somewhat crimpled; the wood light green, 
fortified with numerous small spines. 
Though devoid of fragrance, these are our 



[84 THE ROSE. 



most charming white roses ; the flowers are 
freely produced throughout June and the 
summer months. The varieties belonging 
to the type are Eliza Boelle, Madame Noman, 
and Madame Oswald de Kerchove. 

Madame A. de Rougemont Type. — The 
varieties of this type differ greatly from 
those of the preceding. The habit of growth 
is free or vigorous; the wood is smoother, 
the foliage more oval and glaucous, like the 
Bourbon roses ; the flowers are even more 
freely produced than those of the other type, 
but are inferior to them in quality. The 
principal sorts are: Baronne de Maynard, 
Coquette des Alpes, Coquette des Blanches, 
Madame Auguste Perrin, Madame Francois 
Pittet, Perfection des Blanches. 

Gloire de Dijon Type. — The head of this 
family was sent out in 1853, and is the variety 
from which most of the Climbing Teas have 
sprung. Young plants of this type are often 
difficult to start after being rooted from cut- 
tings, but when well established grow lux- 
uriantly. The parentage of Gloire de Dijon 
is unknown, but I believe it must have orig- 
inated from a natural cross between some 
Bourbon and Noisette (Tea-scented) Rose. 
The foliage shows much of the Bourbon 
character; the flowers are of globular form, 



TYPICAL ROSES. 185 

very large and full. Varieties belonging to 
this type are Antonia Decarli, Belle Lyon- 
naise, Gloire de Bordeaux, Jean Lorthois, 
Madame Berard, Madame Trifle, Marie Ber- 
ton. 

These types are about all that are really 
distinct ; among the Hybrid Teas it is likely 
that a separation into groups will be desirable 
at some time in the future, as this is destined 
to be an increasing class ; but at the present 
time La France represents the class in a 
sufficiently distinct way. The Teas might 
be arranged in family groups, but this is a 
task which I shall not attempt until some 
other time ; it would be a division less useful 
than those given. 



XVI. 

RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 

EW Roses occasionally come as 
sports, but the only method de- 
pended upon for their production 
is sowing seed. Roses of the past 
have, for the most part, been the product of 
nature unaided by the hand of man. The 
common practice has been to gather the seed, 
without even keeping the varieties separate, 
and to sow it promiscuously. There are a 
few instances recorded where artificial cross- 
ings have been resorted to, with successful 
results, but the number of such operators has 
been very limited. It is a well-known fact 
that most fruits and flowers seldom reproduce 
themselves with exactness from seed ; there 
is often a close resemblance, yet some diver- 
gence from the original. Nature is constantly 
struggling for variation; even though the 
pistils receive pollen from their own flower 
alone, this law holds good ; but through the 
agencies of wind, insects, etc. , the pollen from 
1 86 



RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 187 

one flower is often carried to the pistils of 
another, and so natural crossing or hybridiza- 
tion takes place. Thus, by simply gathering 
and sowing the seeds of one variety, like 
General Jacqueminot, it has been possible to 
produce a large number of distinct kinds of 
great value. This, as stated above, has been 
the practice up to the present time, but it is 
a practice on which we should no longer ex- 
clusively depend; on the contrary, for the 
roses of the future we should mainly rely on 
artificial crossing and hybridization, or, in 
other words, on manual fecundation. 

Laffay, who raised most of the Hybrid Re- 
montants of value that were sent out previ- 
ous to 1850, is understood to have produced 
many, or the most, of them, by crossing va- 
rieties of the Bourbon Rose with the old 
crimson Rose du Roi. Vibert, Hardy, and 
some other of the French rosarians, are also 
credited with having produced many of their 
most beautiful sorts by manual fertilization, 
but as no record has been kept of the varie- 
ties used as parents, the result of their work 
is of no use to the hybridizer of the present 
day further than that it affords proof that 
definite results are more certain from arti- 
ficial than from natural crosses. 

The following sorts are all claimed as the 



THE ROSE. 



result of artificial crossing; the parentage 
will be found in the catalogued list of varie- 
ties: America, Baronne de Maynard, Captain 
Christy, Harrison Weir, John Hopper, Julius 
Finger, Marie Van Houtte, Madame La- 
charme, Madame Oswald de Kerchove, Ma- 
dame Welche, Mrs. Jowitt, Mrs. Harry Turner, 
Paul Neyron, Princess Mary of Cambridge, 
Reine Marie Henriette, and the ten Hybrid 
Teas sent out by Bennett. 

To trace out the peculiarities of these kinds, 
learning so far as possible what influence each 
parent had in forming the qualities of the 
offspring, would be an interesting, profitable 
study. Thus, examining Paul Neyron, we 
find it has the smooth wood, glaucous foli- 
age, fulness of flower, and tendency to win- 
ter-kill from the seed parent, Victor Verdier. 
The vigor of growth and size of flower are 
inherited from the fructifying sort, Anne de 
Diesbach. In this example it will be seen 
that the influence of the parents has been 
nearly equal in impressing their characteris- 
tics. In other examples it will be found that 
the influence of one parent has been far 
greater than that of the other ; but I hold it 
as an axiom that, in the case of any rose which 
is crossed by another variety, the progeny will 
surely show traits pertaining to both parents. 



RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 189 

Among* men we find great divergencies of 
character between brothers and sisters, yet it 
is observed that they always hold something 
in common which distinguishes them, some 
link which connects one with another. It is 
believed by some of the raisers who have 
practised hybridization, or crossing of roses, 
that seedlings of greater beauty are to be ob- 
tained simply by selecting heps from 
naturally fertilized flowers, than from those 
which have been artificially crossed; that 
there are very many types among roses 
which are all beautiful in their way, but that 
when these are crossed, the varieties which 
result will have coarsely formed flowers, or 
be of weak constitution, etc. Such, I infer, 
is the belief of Messrs. Laxton, William 
Paul, and others of the English rosarians. 
With all deference to these gentlemen, 
whose experience certainly gives weight to 
their belief, I do not subscribe to this opinion. 
I cannot but believe that we are even more 
certain of obtaining flowers of high finish 
from artificial than we are from natural fer- 
tilization, if we will but pattern after nature 
and carefully study the laws of cause and 
effect. 

Though there is a difference of opinion re- 
specting the quality and finish of the roses 



igo THE ROSE. 



likely to result from manual fecundation, all 
practitioners admit that there is a certainty 
by this method of obtaining a product distinc- 
tive in character, which is of itself a sufficient 
inducement to encourage our best efforts in 
this line. But the truth is, so few crossed 
roses have been raised, compared to the 
number from natural selection, that we have 
learned very little about the successes and 
failures that have attended the operators in 
this field of study. Very few of those who 
have engaged in this work have given us any 
information that will be of use to those who 
wish to experiment. It seems to me, the 
lack of finish and the delicate constitution, 
averred to belong to varieties raised from 
artificial crosses, come from bringing together 
roses of different types, too widely separated 
in character to blend well. I believe roses 
belonging to the same type will always cross 
with good results. Those who wish to prac- 
tise this art will do well, therefore, to begin 
with crossing varieties of the same family; 
the chapter on Typical Roses, which pre- 
cedes this, should be carefully perused as 
bearing on this point. 

In this connection it may be profitable for 
us to consider briefly the result of Mr. Ben- 
nett's labors in the hybridization of roses. 



RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 191 

Mr. Bennett fertilized the flowers of various 
Tea Roses with the pollen of Hybrid Remon- 
tants ; his productions are therefore true hy- 
brids, not crosses merely, and they are classed 
as Hybrid Teas. Ten of these hybrids have 
been raised by Mr. Bennett. We should pre- 
fer to consider sorts that have been longer in 
cultivation, but there are none such. As a 
rule, the Bennett Roses lack a vigorous and 
healthy constitution; the best of them, for 
out-door culture, is Michael Saunders, raised 
from President fertilized by Madame Victor 
Verdier. The parents of this sort have com- 
paratively smooth wood, and they are not so 
widely separated in character as to prevent 
the production of a healthy offspring. Beauty 
of Stapleford, the second in point of general 
usefulness, resulted from crossing Alba Rosea 
by Countess of Oxford, both smooth-wooded 
kinds again, of similar vigor of growth. 
Two objectionable qualities in this rose, a 
tendency to fade quickly and a liability to 
mildew badly, are inherited from Countess 
of Oxford. Yet these are both roses likely 
to be esteemed generally useful. 

From Alba Rosea crossed by Edward 
Morren came Nancy Lee, an exquisite little 
rose, with lovely buds, but in habit of 
growth so dwarf and delicate that our com- 



i 9 2 THE ROSE. 



miseration is excited along with our regard. 
Duchess of Westminster and Pearl are others 
of the same class, which are the result of 
crossing varieties very widely separated in 
habit of growth, and none of the progeny 
have constitutions of any vigor. In Duke of 
Connaught we have the offspring of President 
crossed by Louis Van Houtte; both parents 
are smooth-wooded sorts, but no nurseryman 
can, by ordinary culture, grow from cuttings 
plants of Louis Van Houtte that will be 
salable after one season's growth. With 
such a parent we cannot wonder that the 
propagation of good plants of Duke of Con- 
naught has been found so tedious and dis- 
couraging by those who have undertaken it. 
I understand that some of the New Jersey 
florists are growing this variety with profit, 
but this simply shows what great skill can 
do, and does not prove that the variety will 
be generally useful. 

Jean Sisley and Hon. George Bancroft are 
two others of Bennett's which fade very 
quickly ; besides this fault the former sort is 
very difficult to open and we condemn it as 
utterly worthless ; the latter variety, if grown 
so that the original color is retained, will 
generally give satisfaction, though many 
more malformed blooms are produced than 



RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 193 

we expect to see in a variety put down as 
desirable. 

Duchess of Connaught shows considerable 
resemblance to La France, and affords evi- 
dence that La France must certainly be a 
Hybrid Tea. It seems to me that the Duch- 
ess only differs from La France in various 
ways, to be inferior to it. 

Now these Bennett Roses, taken as a 
whole, would seem to strengthen the view 
of Messrs. William Paul and Laxton, unless 
we carefully consider the nature of the 
crosses that were made. From what has 
been shown we think the inference may 
naturally be drawn, that in crossing roses 
we are likely to obtain satisfactory results by 
blending varieties which have several charac- 
teristics in common. Thus, varieties of the 
same type will be pretty certain to effect 
good crosses; as General Jacqueminot with 
Xavier Olibo, Fisher Holmes with Baronne 
de Bonstetten, Madame Victor Verdier with 
E. Y. Teas, etc. By hybridizing, bringing 
Teas and Hybrid Remontants together, we are 
much less sure of obtaining new sorts of high 
finish and robust constitution, but far more 
certain of procuring kinds thoroughly dis- 
tinct. The operator will then do well to 
bear this rule in mind : Crossing varieties of 
13 



194 THE ROSE. 



the same type will produce seedlings of the best 
form and finish; blending sorts of different 
types will bring forth the most distinct kinds. 
In order to gain knowledge, it is well to prac- 
tise both these extremes, but the best suc- 
cess will probably follow where a mean course 
is pursued. 

This matter of cross fertilization of roses 
places before us a vast field in which to 
study and experiment ; and although we have 
so little to be drawn from the past which 
may guide us, the fact of its being largely 
unexplored seems an attractive feature. We 
can experience sensations somewhat similar 
to those of the traveller who penetrates a 
new country, for though he may not be the 
first to make discoveries, he can be among 
the first to chronicle results and make the 
discoveries useful. It is still open for in- 
vestigators to learn and make known general 
principles, which should guide us in raising 
new roses. It will be a gratification for me 
to know that I have contributed, in some 
measure at least, to this result. 

As few readers are likely to be familiar 
with the mode of manual fecundation, I will 
briefly explain my practice. The work is 
much the easiest to manage under glass, for 
the reason that insects are not there trouble- 



RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 195 

some and we do not have wind and rain to 
contend with. Whenever possible, choose a 
clear day, and operate in the morning, so 
that the flowers can be exposed to the influ- 
ence of the sun immediately after they have 
been fertilized. The flower selected for a 
female parent shouM have the stamens care- 
fully removed by means of a fine pair of em- 
broidery scissors, a few hours before the 
pollen is ripe. Should the pollen be quite 
ripe, some of it is likely to have fallen on the 
pistils and a perfect cross could not then be 
assured. If, on the other hand, it be not 
nearly matured, the pistils are not in proper 
condition to be fertilized. In such a variety 
as General Jacqueminot, the stamens should 
be removed three or four hours before the 
flower would expand. The petals are then to 
be gently pulled off, and the stamens cut 
away. The pollen is then applied to the 
pistils by carrying to them the flower of the 
fertilizing sort and gently rubbing them with 
the stamens holding the pollen, so that the 
pistils are well covered. If preferred, a fine 
camel's-hair brush may be used for the pur- 
pose of applying the pollen. The pollen 
must be quite ripe ; if it does not attach it- 
self readily to the brush it is not yet in fit 
condition for use. Those varieties which 



ig6 THE ROSE. 



are not very double will give more pollen 
and be better seed-bearers than the very full 
ones. Kinds like Bon Silene, Safrano, 
Fisher Holmes, Jean Cherpin, etc., will be 
found the most suitable for first experiments. 
If the operation is carried on out of doors, it 
is desirable to cover the flowers fertilized 
with fine gauze, to prevent the interference 
of insects. The insects are not apt to go to 
flowers from which the petals have been re- 
moved, but it is well not to depend on this. 
The heps should not be gathered until fully 
ripe, say after the first frost in October; 
they are then labelled and buried in pots of 
moist sand. The pots must be covered with 
glass or something of the kind to keep out 
mice, which are very fond of the pods. I 
allow the pods to remain in the sand till the 
first of January, they are then broken open, 
the seed taken out, and sown in boxes or 
pots. The seeds commence coming up three 
or four weeks after being planted. The 
seedlings appear with two leaves; so soon 
as they make a second growth they are 
pricked out by a knife blade and planted in 
small pots. They are very subject to mil- 
dew, and many are apt to pass away from 
this cause. In May they can be transplanted 
and put in open ground, in rich, well-drained 



RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 197 

soil. If they do well they can be left there 
over winter, of course being protected, and 
allowed to remain for testing. They com- 
mence to flower the second year, but many 
of them show no signs of bloom until the 
third or fourth year. Instead of planting 
them out in open ground, some or all can re- 
main in pots, the plants being shifted from 
time to time to pots of a larger size. One is 
apt to become very impatient waiting for the 
seedlings to flower; the result can be hast- 
ened by taking buds from them and inserting 
on some stock of good growth. Many of 
the seedlings will produce flowers quite 
single ; these plants are to be at once rooted 
out. Now and then we may find double 
flowers of good finish ; these are to be com- 
pared with flowers of old varieties, which 
they seem most to resemble, to ascertain 
whether they are distinct sorts or only in- 
ferior imitations of established favorites. 
It will often require considerable moral cour- 
age to refrain from calling our geese, swans. 
But if it is found, and admitted by general 
consent, that we have originated something 
both beautiful and distinct, ah, what pride 
and satisfaction do we feel! Surely, there 
can be no more pleasing occupation for those 
who love and grow roses, than by hybridiz- 



[98 THE ROSE. 



ing and crossing artificially to engage in the 
art of producing new varieties, aye, and not 
new varieties only, but new types of roses 
now unknown. 




XVII. 

PUBLICATIONS ON THE ROSE. 

N the preface to this book I stated 
my belief that no compilation on 
the rose could ever be considered 
complete and final. I have en- 
deavored to bring before those interested in 
the subject many points of interest which 
have been ignored, or lightly touched upon, 
by authors of kindred works; I have also 
desired to present all the information neces- 
sary to the successful cultivation of the rose, 
exemplified in different ways. I feel, how- 
ever, that it is but just to my readers, and 
my brethren of the craft, to record those 
publications which are useful compilations 
on this subject. First of all, and above all, 
let me recommend "A Book about Roses," 
by S. Reynolds Hole, London. This book of 
322 pages is a charming compilation by a 
gifted writer, who, though in one sense an 
amateur, has perhaps done more to further 
the growing of beautiful roses than any other 
199 



200 THE ROSE. 



man. No one has ever written on floricul- 
tural subjects so lovingly, so attractively, as 
Canon Hole ; he is in this respect above and 
beyond all writers, and his book is an adviser 
and companion that no rosarian can afford to 
be without. 

" The Rose Garden" is a large volume of 
256 pages, by William Paul, London. This 
is a book prepared with care and contains 
much of interest ; perhaps that which is most 
valuable is the chapter on hybridizing. 

"The Amateur's Rose Book," by Shirley 
Hibberd; "The Rose Amateur's Guide," by 
Thomas Rivers, rank next in merit. " Roses 
and Rose Culture," by William Paul; "Cul- 
tural Directions for the Rose," by John 
Cranston; " Roses and their Culture," by W. 
D. Prior, are other English works which may 
be added to the library of any one interested 
in floricultural matters. 

In the French language we have " Les 
Roses," by Jamain and Forney, a work made 
expensive by the use of gilt edges and 
colored illustrations, we regret to say of 
dreadful character. A new work in German, 
by Thomas Nietner, was published in 1880. 
This is the largest book on the rose that I 
know of. It is illustrated with 106 woodcuts 
and 1 2 colored plates. The author describes 



PUBLICATIONS ON THE ROSE. 201 

5007 varieties of roses. The colored illustra- 
tions are very beautiful, on the whole, but 
not all true to nature. In the names of 
varieties the author often mixes the English, 
French, and German languages very gro- 
tesquely. There are many typographical 
and other errors, but it is a book worth hav- 
ing if one is willing to pay the price, which 
is of necessity high. 

American publications on the rose are: 
"The Book of Roses," by Francis Parkman; 
"Parsons on the Rose," by Samuel B. Par- 
sons; " Prince's Manual of Roses," by W. R. 
Prince, and " The Rose Manual," by Robert 
Buist. I believe the last two named are out 
of print. 

Of magazines and papers, which frequently 
contain articles on the rose that are of in- 
terest, there are many. Those which give 
the most attention to the subject are: 
Garden and Forest, conducted by Profes- 
sor C. S. Sargent, New York. The Ameri- 
can Florist, Chicago. American Gardening, 
New York. The Country Gentleman, Albany, 
N. Y. The Rural New Yorker, New York. 
The American Garden (monthly), New York. 
In England there are, The Gardener's Chroni- 
cle, Journal of Horticulture, The Garden, The 
Gardener's Magazine, Gardening Illustrated, 



THE ROSE. 



London. All of these are weekly papers. In 
France we find a monthly magazine entitled 
Journal des Roses, published by Pierre Cochet, 
Paris, and in Germany the Rosen Zeitung, 
edited by P. Lambert, Frankfurt. 



APPENDIX. 




OLD AND NEW ROSES. 

[From the Century Magazine, July, 1883.] 

T is worthy of note that our fathers 
and forefathers had in general 
a better nomenclature for their 
roses than is used in these days. 
Such names as Dame Blanche, La Favorite, 
Rosalie, La Coquette, and those of the various 
mythological characters — as Hebe, Juno, and 
Calypso — were freely used. Now the favorite 
roses are Dukes and Duchesses, Counts and 
Countesses, Lords and Ladies, Generals and 
Senators, till we wonder if there are any 
plebeians left. 

There are many old roses that should 
never be forgotten, though they have been 
pushed aside by new-comers, and are seldom 
to be found on sale at the florist's. Blanche- 
fleur, Madame Hardy, Madame Zcetman are 
delightfully fragrant, beautiful white roses, 
203 



204 THE ROSE. 



whose places have not been filled by any of 
the usurping Remontants; and there are 
others, of the Provence and Damask families, 
nearly as fine as those named. In all our im- 
provements, we have not yet bettered the 
quality of the old white summer roses of 
thirty and forty years ago. The demand is 
now altogether for those varieties which 
bloom more than once, and, in achieving 
freedom of bloom, we have lost in fragrance, 
have lost in hardiness; therefore, to leave 
out and cast aside these favorites of a gen- 
eration that is passing away is surely a seri- 
ous mistake. Others beside the old white 
summer roses should be retained. There is 
the Centifolia, or cabbage-rose, so unfortu- 
nately named, which is yet a model for form 
and fragrance ; there is the common Sweet- 
brier, with its bright orange-red heps — not 
a flower for florists truly, but how attractive 
to the artist, how full of inspiration to the 
poet, how grateful to all who are pleased by 
fragrance ! For bright yellow shades, we yet 
look to the old Austrian roses, so called, 
Harrison's and Persian Yellow. Then what 
is more charming than the moss-roses? what 
bouquet more beautiful than loose branches 
of the Gracilis, the Common and Crested 
moss-roses? 



OLD AND NEW ROSES. 205 

The Charles Lawson, Coupe d'Hebe, Paul 
Ricaut, and some others of the old summer 
kinds are also very useful as pillar roses; 
they have nearly everything that makes a 
rose valuable save the property of blossoming 
more than once. It must also be remembered 
that the old roses were not alone such as 
bloomed in June only. Agrippina, Edward 
Desfosses, Hermosa, Souvenir de la Malmai- 
son, Aimee Vibert, Lamarque, Solfaterre, 
Bon Silene, Bougere, Devoniensis, Flaves- 
cens, Madame de Vatry, Niphetos, Odorata, 
Safrano, Triomphe de Luxembourg are mem- 
bers of the Bengal, Bourbon, Noisette, and 
Tea families, introduced more than forty 
years ago, and in none of these groups has 
any great advance been made. Certainly, 
many beautiful and distinct varieties have 
since been introduced, but the improvement 
in quality of these classes has been slight as 
compared to the advance made by the intro- 
duction of new groups. 

Roses of the present, as compared with 
those of the past, are superior by reason of 
the introduction of groups that are hardy, 
or nearly so, and that blossom at intervals 
and continuously through the summer and 
autumn. We remember the great interest 
awakened by the varieties sent out by Laff ay, 



2o6 THE ROSE. 



such as Madame Laffay, Mrs. Elliott, and, a 
few years after, La Reine. The two former 
have nearly disappeared from cultivation; 
but La Reine is still much grown, and, like 
the General Jacqueminot, Victor Verdier, 
and Jules Margottin, has been the progenitor 
of most of the hardy roses cultivated at this 
day. 

It would astonish the uninitiated to learn 
the number, not only of those who propagate 
plants for sale, but those who are engaged in 
the production of new varieties from seed. 
Strange to say, the raising of new roses 
has been done successfully only in France 
and England. Italy and Germany have ac- 
complished almost nothing in this line, al- 
though the climate of those countries is as 
favorable for the purpose as that of the other 
two ; but in this they only follow the general 
line of horticultural progress, for Italy and 
Germany have produced few varieties of 
European fruits that are valuable. America 
has originated more fruits of high quality 
than any other country, but her contributions 
to the list of good roses, though larger than 
those of Italy and Germany, fall far short of 
what they should be. With an extent of 
territory that gives greater variation of 
climate and soil than is to be found in any 



OLD AND NEW ROSES. 207 

other country, it must be that America will 
yet produce her share of fine roses. 

With the year 1842 appeared the Baronne 
Prevost, which is now the oldest type among 
Hyb.rid Remontant roses. It is not a numerous 
family, and is of much less importance to 
us than many others, but we can well imagine 
what pleasure it gave when it was introduced 
to the rosarians of that day. The flowers 
are very large and full, flat in form, quite 
fragrant, and in color some shade of rose. 
It is the most hardy type we have. The only 
varieties commonly grown are Boieldieu, 
Colonel de Rougemont, and Madame Boll. 

In 1843, Laffay introduced what he loyally 
named Rose of the Queen {Rose de la Reine). 
This variety bore royal sway for many years. 
It not only still sells well and is to be consid- 
ered a useful rose, but it should also have 
our esteem as being the parent of a most 
useful family. The flowers are of various 
shades of rose, generally of semi-globular 
form, large, somewhat fragrant ; free in the 
autumn; quite hardy, enduring more cold 
than any of the other families except 
Baronne Prevost. The leading sorts are: 
Anne de Diesbach, Antoine Mouton, Auguste 
Mie, Belle Normande, Frangois Michelon, 
Madame Nachury, Paul Neyron. Among 



208 THE ROSE. 



the varieties of this family none equal in 
merit the Francois Michelon. 

The Giant of Battles was introduced by 
Nerard in 1846, and doubtless has Bourbon 
blood in its veins. The colors are of various 
shadings of crimson, very rich and effective 
when in perfection, but very fleeting. The 
sun soon gives them a muddy hue. The 
flowers are well shaped but small, and have 
slight fragrance; they are very freely pro- 
duced in the spring and summer months, but 
as a rule not in the autumn. The foliage is 
of lustrous dark green, very subject to mil- 
dew. They are difficult to propagate from 
cuttings, and are liable to injury from frost. 
The leading sorts are: Cardinal Patrizzi, 
Crimson Bedder, Empereur de Maroc, Eugene 
Appert, Lord Raglan, Mrs. Standish. Owing 
chiefly to their bad constitution, they are 
rapidly disappearing from cultivation, and in 
a few years it is likely none will remain. 
The same rich color can now be found in the 
Prince Camille family. 

The General Jacqueminot, the head of 
what is now considered the most valuable 
type, made its bow, in 1852, to an admiring 
world: clad in rich crimson livery, it still 
commands respect and admiration, and mar- 
shalled under its generalship is the army of 



OLD AND NEW ROSES. 209 

dark roses which so excite and please our 
senses by their charms and loveliness. This 
family probably originated from the old hy- 
brid China, Gloire des Rosomanes ; they are 
moderately hardy, but less so than those of 
the Baronne Prevost, Jules Margottin, and 
La Reine types. The flowers are invariably 
shades of red and crimson, generally highly 
perfumed, freely produced in the spring, but 
varying greatly as to their autumnal bloom. 
As a family, they are much more shy in the 
autumn than any of the others. It is now 
the most numerous of the families, due to 
the fact that popular taste inclines more to 
crimson than to light-colored roses. Leading 
varieties of this type are Beauty of Waltham, 
Marie Baumann (moderate growth), Marie 
Rady, Maurice Bernardin, Pierre Notting, 
Xavier Olibo (dwarf growth), also Senateur 
Vaisse, Charles Lefebvre, Prince Camille, 
Alfred Colomb, and Duke of Edinburgh. 
About the latter varieties cluster numerous 
others of the family of less importance. 

The head of the Victor Verdier type origi- 
nated with the greatest of all the raisers, 
Lacharme, of Lyons, and was sent out by 
him in 1852. It is doubtless from one of the 
La Reine type, crossed with some monthly 
rose, probably a Bourbon. The descendants 
14 



THE ROSE. 



are very numerous, and in spite of their 
rather tender habits, form a valuable group, 
being the most free to flower of them all. If 
they were fragrant, they would be unrivalled ; 
but, alas ! they are devoid of scent, and there- 
fore cannot rank as high as the others. Fine 
feathers alone do not make fine birds, and 
surely fragrance is to the rose what song is 
to the bird. Its flowers are large, well built 
up ; generally shades of rose and pink prevail ; 
mildew operates against these more than 
any others except the Giant of Battles type. 
Of all the families it is the best adapted 
for forcing in winter. The leading varieties 
grown are Captain Christy, Countess of Ox- 
ford, Etienne Levet, Hippolyte Jamain, Ju- 
lius Finger, Madame George Schwartz, Made- 
moiselle Eugenie Verdier, Marie Cointet, 
Marie Finger, Mrs. Baker, Oxonian (some- 
what fragrant), President Thiers, Pride of 
Waltham, Rosy Morn. 

In 1853, Jules Margottin, of Bourg-la- 
Reine, near Paris, sent out a fine rose, which 
he called after himself. Though he has been 
raising seedling roses ever since, none of 
them has quite come up in worth to his name- 
sake, the flowers of which are large in size, 
very full, somewhat flat in shape, in shades 
of rose and carmine, and almost without per- 



OLD AND NEW ROSES. 



fume. They are generally free in the 
autumn, are very hardy, though as a rule 
difficult of propagation from cuttings, but 
making very vigorous plants when budded. 
The leading sorts : Abel Grand, Bessie John- 
son (quite fragrant), Charles Margottin 
(reddish crimson), Countess of Serenye, 
Duchesse de Vallombrosa, Edward Morren, 
Egeria, Emily Laxton, John Hopper, Magna 
Charta, Madame Gabriel Luizet, Madame La- 
charme, Madame Louis Leveque, Mademoi- 
selle Therese Levet, Marchioness of Exeter, 
Marguerite de St. Amande, Marquise de Cas- 
tellane, Miss Hassard (scented), Monsieur 
Noman, Peach Blossom, Princess Mary of 
Cambridge, and Rev. J. B. M. Camm, which is 
very sweet. 

The Senateur Vaisse became known in 
1859. In this family we find the most per- 
fectly formed flowers; the varieties are of 
moderate growth, with smoother wood than 
most of the others. The foliage is more 
round and perhaps of a deeper green. Ma- 
dame Victor Verdier, Monsieur E. Y. Teas, 
and Mrs. Laxton form the leading members. 

Charles Lefebvre, one of Lacharme's pro- 
ductions, was introduced in 186 1. The origi- 
nator believes that this came from a cross of 
Victor Verdier and General Jacqueminot. 



212 THE ROSE. 



It certainly takes after the characteristics of 
those two sorts. The flowers are more wavy 
in outline than in the other families; the 
growth is somewhat less vigorous, the wood 
more smooth. Dr. Andry, Glory of Ches- 
hunt, Harrison Weir, Horace Vernet, Lord 
Macaulay, Madame Anna de Besobrasoff, 
Marguerite Brassac, Mrs. Harry Turner, Paul 
Jamain, and W. Wilson Saunders are the 
leading kinds. 

Prince Camille, which was introduced in 
1 86 1, by E. Verdier, gives us the darkest type 
of roses which we have. From appearances, 
we should think it originated in a natural 
cross between varieties of the Giant of Battles 
and General Jacqueminot types, the charac- 
teristics of the latter predominating. None 
of these bloom freely in autumn, but they are 
magnificent in their dark, velvety shades, as 
seen in the spring. Baron Chaurand, Baron 
de Bonstetten, Abel Carriere, Henry Bennett, 
Jean Cherpin, Jean Liabaud, Jean Soupert, 
La Rosiere, Monsieur Boncenne, and Presi- 
dent Leon de St. Jean comprise the family. 
More than the others, Abel Carriere and Jean 
Soupert take after Giant of Battles. 

Alfred Colomb, another of Lacharme's 
raising (1865), has a similar habit of growth 
to the Jacqueminot type, but the thorns are 



OLD AND NEW ROSES. 213 

less numerous and with more of a yellowish 
hue. The flowers are more globular, stand 
the sun better, and are much more freely- 
produced, constituting a most valuable 
family. The varieties are A. K. Williams, 
Fisher Holmes, and Wilhelm Koelle. 

The Duke of Edinburgh, sent out by 
George Paul in 1868, is the only English rose 
which may be regarded as the founder of a 
family. The flowers are inclined to be 
thinner in petal than those of the Jacquemi- 
not type, rather smaller, burn much more 
quickly in the sun, and are not constant in 
autumn. It is a very beautiful family when 
grown in a moist, cool climate ; but there are 
few of the members that will do well under 
our hot sun. The varieties best known, 
mostly of recent origin, are, Brightness of 
Cheshunt, Dr. Hooker, Duke of Connaught, 
Duke of Teck, Robert Marnock, S. Reynolds 
Hole, Sultan of Zanzibar, and The Shah. 

Baroness Rothschild is the typical repre- 
sentative of a small but very beautiful family, 
the very aristocracy of roses. It is not a 
new rose, but its merits have not been recog- 
nized till within a few years. Now that the 
florists have finally taken it for winter forc- 
ing, it is becoming well known, but it will 
always command comparatively high prices. 



214 THE ROSE. 



Twelve and fifteen dollars for a dozen blooms 
have been the prices during the winter 
months. Mabel Morrison, Merveille de Lyon, 
and White Baroness are three white roses of 
the type that are to-day the special sensation 
of the rose world. They have the same 
short-jointed stems, with the beautiful foliage 
closely set under the blooms, that are a 
characteristic and pleasing feature of the 
parent. Mabel Morrison is the only one of 
the white trio which is likely to be seen in 
any number for some time to come; the 
others are but just out, and florists will use 
all the wood the plants make for propagat- 
ing. Three white, hardy varieties of such 
high rank as these may well excite the 
enthusiasm of all who grow roses. 

The above description exhausts the divis- 
ions which may be considered distinct types. 
Though there are other roses which stand 
aloof, they have few or no followers. Such 
are Madame Charles Wood, Caroline de 
Sansal, and a few others. 

All of the families of roses so far discussed 
are members of the Hybrid Remontant or 
Hybrid Perpetual class, certainly the most 
important of the many groups of roses now 
cultivated ; but there are others of modern 
origin, which have also strong claims on our 



OLD AND NEW ROSES. 215 

attention, the oldest of which is the Hybrid 
Noisette family, that may be divided into 
two sections. The original variety, Madame 
Recamier, was sent out byLacharme in 1853. 
Nothing more is known of the origin of this 
sort, other than that one of the parents is 
supposed to have been a Noisette rose. Be- 
longing to this type are Mademoiselle Bon- 
naire, Madame Noman, Eliza Boelle, and 
Madame Oswald de Kerchove. The flowers 
are of medium size, and of circular, very 
beautiful form . Though devoid of fragrance, 
the flowers are freely produced from June 
throughout the summer; for which reason 
these varieties are to be valued as most 
charming acquisitions on our list of white or 
light-tinted roses. 

In i860, Lacharme sent out Madame Gus- 
tave Bonnet, the head of the second division 
of the Hybrid Noisette family. This variety, 
the originator claims, was produced from 
seed of Blanche Lafitte (Bourbon), fertilized 
by Sappho (Portland). If this be true, this 
type should go by some other term than Hy- 
brid Noisette ; but the name has been fixed 
by usage, and as they have no fragrance, 
they will, at all events, smell as sweet by 
this name as any other. Belonging to the 
same type as Madame Gustave Bonnet are 



I 



* 



216 THE ROSE. 



Louise Darzens, Madame Alfred de Rouge- 
mont, Baronne de Maynard, Coquette des 
Alpes, Coquette des Blanches, and Madame 
Francois Pittet, all raised by Lacharme. 
Madame Bellenden Ker, Perfection des 
Blanches, and Madame Auguste Perrin, of the 
same family, are the production of other per- 
sons. These kinds differ from those of the 
Mademoiselle Bonnaire type, in being of 
more vigorous habit, of smoother wood, and 
of more oval and glaucous foliage, more like 
that of the Bourbons. The flowers are even 
more freely produced, but are inferior in 
quality to those of the other type. 

Gloire de Dijon was sent out in 1853. In 
its habit of growth, it showed itself distinct 
from all others, and has become the head of 
a class now known as Climbing Teas. "When 
the plant has once become established it is of 
vigorous growth, and has long been a favorite 
as a pillar rose, both for conservatories and 
in favorable situations out of doors. Its par- 
entage is not known, but I believe it must 
have originated from a natural cross between 
a Bourbon and a tea-scented Noisette rose. 
The most popular kinds of this type are 
Gloire de Bordeaux, Belle Lyonnaise, Madame 
Trifle, Madame Berard, Marie Berton, Beauty 
of Europe, and Reine Marie Pia, but none of 



OLD AND NEW ROSES. 217 

them has attracted the same attention as the 
old sort. 

The most valuable type of roses since Gen- 
eral Jacqueminot is the Hybrid Tea. The 
original of this new race is La France, 
introduced, in 1869, by Guillot, of Lyons. 
This was raised from the seed of a Tea rose, 
but is entirely distinct from all tea-scented 
kinds. In color it is a soft, silvery rose, 
delicately tinged with a faint shade of lilac; 
in its fragrance, a most delightful combi- 
nation of the Provenge and Tea perfumes. 
It blooms perpetually, the end of each shoot 
always carrying a flower-bud, and these 
shoots constantly pushing forth. In these 
three qualities, so essential to a perfect rose, 
it has scarcely any equal, and solely by its 
intrinsic merits has now gained a popularity 
shared by few or none others of its sister- 
hood. Duchess of Connaught and Vis- 
countess Falmouth, raised by Bennett, of 
England, are varieties of the same type, 
which most nearly approach La France, both 
in appearance and fragrance. Next to them 
comes Madame Alexandre Bernaix, raised by 
Guillot. Michael Saunders, Duke of Con- 
naught, and Nancy Lee, all varieties of Ben- 
nett's, are very beautiful ; but the two last 



2i8 THE ROSE. 



named are of such delicate habit that they 
will never be useful for general culture. 

The Polyantha Rose is of recent introduc- 
tion. The original, which is a native of 
Japan, has very small, single white flowers, 
about the size of a silver twenty-five-cent 
piece ; it is of sarmentous growth, quite hardy, 
and blooms in panicles, in the spring. Some 
of the French growers have raised seedlings, 
crosses (natural or artificial) with Teas or 
other classes, which are true ever-blooming 
roses and of great merit. The varieties best 
known are Paquerette, Anne Marie de Mon- 
travel, Mignonette, and Cecile Briinner. 
They are more tender than the parent, but 
are quite as hardy as the Hybrid Noisettes 
and the Hybrid Teas. As an edging for a 
bed of monthly roses, nothing can be more 
effective than a row or two of Paquerette or 
one of the other Polyanthas. They are ex- 
tremely beautiful little flowers, which will 
survive all the sneers of the horticultural 
snobs who see no beauty in a rose much 
smaller in size than a peony. 

The attention of hybridizers is now di- 
rected toward crossing varieties of Tea with 
Hybrid Remontant roses, and new sorts of 
great value may confidently be expected from 



OLD AND NEW ROSES. 219 

the efforts which are being made in this line. 
To obtain a variety which shall in a large 
degree combine the hardiness of La Reine 
or Jacqueminot, with the fragrance and free- 
blooming qualities of Madame Bravy or Bon 
Silene, is surely worth striving for. 

This leads us to a consideration of the roses 
of the future, what they may be, what they 
should be. Roses of the past have been the 
product of nature, unaided by the hand of 
man. Roses of the present also chiefly come 
from sowing the seeds of varieties which 
have not been crossed, except as the crossing 
has been a matter of chance by natural 
agencies. In some instances efforts at arti- 
ficial hybridization have been recorded that 
have given successful results. Roses of the 
future may and should come principally as 
the result of artificial fecundation and hy- 
bridization. A long essay would be required 
to treat this subject and do it justice in a 
magazine article. I can only touch on some 
of the more salient points. Laffay, who 
raised most of the Hybrid Remontants of 
value previous to 1850, is understood to have 
produced many of them by crossing artifi- 
cially varieties of the Bourbon roses with the 
old crimson Rose du Roi. Vibert, Hardy, 
and some other of the French rosarians are 



220 THE ROSE. 



also known to have produced a great many 
of our most beautiful roses by manual fertili- 
zation ; but as no record has been kept of the 
varieties used for the purpose, the result of 
their work is of no use to the hybridizer of 
this day further than to afford proof that de- 
finite results can better be obtained from 
artificial than from natural crosses. Our aim 
should be to control and assist nature, as far 
as possible, in her tendency toward variation. 
There has been so much carelessness, not 
to say ignorance, with regard to the parentage 
of the various varieties of roses, that I do not 
think it would be possible to name fifty kinds 
and give the parentage on both sides. For 
the past twenty-five years, nature has been 
so lavish in producing variations of great 
beauty, that those who have raised new roses 
have been content to gather the heps and 
sow the seed, depending on natural crosses 
to produce new and desirable kinds. Not 
only have they thus entirely relied on nature 
to accomplish what they wished ; they have 
not even taken the pains, except in few in- 
stances, to separate the seed of one variety 
from that of another, but have sowed them 
all promiscuously. To trace the peculiarities 
of each variety, learning just what influence 
each parent had in forming the qualities of 



OLD AND NEW ROSES. 



the offspring, would be an interesting and 
profitable study. I hold it as an axiom, that, 
in the progeny of any rose which has been 
crossed with another, the influence of both 
parents can be distinctly traced. 

Artificial crossing and hybridization of 
roses is generally performed by removing 
with fine scissors the stamens of the flower 
to be operated on, and then shaking over it 
the flower of that which contains the pollen 
to be used, or by gently dusting it on with a 
camel' s-hair brush. In this manner it is 
supposed that the characteristics of each sort 
will be given in about equal measure to the 
progeny. It is not uncommon to cross varie- 
ties without removing the stamens, in which 
case the influence of the female parent is 
believed to preponderate; but neither of 
these methods has been accurately proved 
as to the results. An interesting question 
which arises, in connection with the subject 
of artificial fertilization, is how far removed 
from each other, in the habit of growth and in 
other peculiarities, may be the varieties which 
are to be used as parents, without preventing 
a successful crossing of the two. 

In crossing roses, we are most certain to 
attain satisfactory results by blending seed- 
bearing varieties which have several char- 



222 THE ROSE. 



acteristic features in common ; thus, varieties 
of the same type will nearly always effect 
good crosses, as General Jacqueminot with 
Xavier Olibo, Madame Victor Verdier with 
E. Y. Teas ; but, on account of a certain re- 
semblance which must prevail among the 
kinds of one type, we are less likely to obtain 
new sorts of any marked individuality than 
would result from hybridizing varieties of one 
group by those of another not too widely 
separated group ; in other words, we should 
avoid the extremes of crossing varieties too 
much alike, and of hybridizing one kind by 
another so widely removed in characteristics 
that a successful, healthy progeny cannot re- 
sult. Here is a vast field still largely unex- 
plored in which to study and experiment. 
This is not a matter to be confined to scien- 
tists ; all who truly love roses, all that have 
some knowledge of their individual peculiar- 
ities, may engage in this fascinating pursuit 
with probabilities of success. 

"This is an art 
Which does mend nature, change it rather; but 
The art itself is nature." 

A common error committed by the beginner 
is in attempting to grow varieties that are of 
delicate habit and feeble constitution. At- 



OLD AND NEW ROSES. 223 

traded by the great beauty, or fragrance of 
a flower, he does not consider, or does not 
understand, that vigor of growth, perpetuity 
of bloom, and perfect hardiness are very sel- 
dom combined with the qualities which have 
allured him. 

A pleasing departure from the usual method 
of growing roses is found in the pegging- 
down system. Grown in this way, the long 
shoots are carefully bent down and fastened 
to the ground by means of hooked sticks or 
pegs. Flower-buds will then push out all 
along the shoots, and a correspondingly large 
number of blooms be obtained. True, the 
individual flowers are apt to be of somewhat 
inferior quality to those produced in the 
ordinary way, but a mass of color not other- 
wise obtainable can thus be had. I do not 
advocate this system to the exclusion of the 
one commonly pursued, but its occasional or 
alternate use is certainly capable of yielding 
most satisfactory results. 

Besides planting roses in beds, it is well 
to scatter them through the borders of our 
gardens, giving the favored positions to the 
more delicate kinds. Among the best varie- 
ties which yet require some extra care are 
Eugenie Verdier — the most beautiful of the 
Victor Verdier type — a rose of very delicate 



224 THE ROSE. 



coloring, silvery-pink, tinged with salmon, 
and Charles Lefebvre, which is beautiful in 
both flower and leaf, the color of General 
Jacqueminot deepened by a shade of satiny- 
purple. Among the roses not sufficiently 
well known are Marguerite de St. Amande, a 
deep pink sort, which gives beautiful buds 
as well as fine flowers, and blossoms through 
the summer and autumn months ; Baroness 
Rothschild, a blush-pink, with exquisite cup- 
shaped flowers freely produced; Francois 
Michelon, a striking variety, intermediate in 
character between its parent La Reine and 
General Jacqueminot, thus uniting two rival 
dynasties. It has large, deep rose-colored 
flowers, veined with lilac, and is of splendid 
globular form. It blooms late, the flowers 
not developing until most others of the same 
class are past their prime. Eliza Boelle is, 
perhaps, the best white rose that we have. 
It blooms profusely all through the summer 
months; the flowers are full, of the most 
perfect, globular form, the centre generally 
tinged with blush. It is not possible to 
imagine a flower of greater beauty. The 
best of the moss-roses are Gracilis, Common, 
and Crested. Not the least of the qualities 
we desire in a rose is fragrance. In this re- 
gard, all varieties of all classes must do 



OLD AND NEW ROSES. 225 

homage to La France, the sweetest of fragrant 
roses. To be sure, it is rather tender, but it 
is easily protected so as to winter safely. It 
does not always open well, but it is a simple 
matter to assist it, an operation not practica- 
ble with most varieties that open imperfectly. 
If the buds of La France show a tendency to 
remain closed, by gently pressing the point 
of the bloom with the fingers, and then blow- 
ing into the centre, the flower will almost 
invariably expand, and the pent-up fragrance 
escape. 

Not enough attention is given to the Bour- 
bon and Tea roses. The Hybrid Remontants 
justly claim first attention, when they are in 
perfection ; but after the first blossoming is 
over, throughout July, August, and Septem- 
ber they are much less attractive than many 
of the monthly roses. Varieties like Bougere, 
Homer, Madame de Vatry, and Marie Van 
Houtte, will give a continuous supply of 
flowers when the so-called hardy roses are al- 
most or altogether out of bloom. How faith- 
fully the various varieties of Tea roses 
reproduce the beautiful tints often painted in 
the sky at sunset and at sunrise ! The many 
shades of rose, pink, lilac, white, salmon, 
yellow, etc., are found in both alike, and it 
15 



226 THE ROSE. 



would often puzzle us to decide whether the 
most beautiful combinations of these delicate 
shades are found, in the illumined clouds, or 
in the petals of these roses. Tea roses are 
rather tender, but in truth they have, in this 
respect, been somewhat maligned. Those 
sorts named above are, in reality, but little 
more tender than La France, the Hybrid 
Noisettes, and all the Victor Verdier race of 
Hybrid Remontants. If earth be hilled up 
about the plants, and a slight covering of 
loose material, like branches of evergreens, 
be applied, the more robust sorts of monthly 
roses will winter in safety. In giving pro- 
tection, care must be taken not to smother 
the plants by entirely excluding the air. 
This never occurs from the use of evergreen 
branches, but if straw or litter be taken, 
sticks or boards should be used to prevent 
the material matting together. This is one 
of the cases where it is possible to kill by 
mistaken kindness. 

Canon Hole, in his charming " Book about 
Roses," says: 

"He who would have beautiful roses in his gar- 
den must have beautiful roses in his heart. He 
must love them well and always-. He must have 
not only the glowing admiration, the enthusiasm, 



OLD AND NEW ROSES. 227 

and the passion, but the tenderness, the thought- 
fulness, the reverence, the watchfulness of love." 

This is the sum and substance of success 
in rose culture ; without this true love, failure, 
partial or complete, is sure to follow. 




CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES, 

DESCRIBING ALL SORTS NOW IN GENERAL 
CULTIVATION. 

REGISTER of this nature cannot 
attain absolute perfection, but I 
have been at great pains to make 
it complete and accurate. As re- 
gards the age of the different varieties and 
by whom sent out, I have obtained my in- 
formation from the raisers themselves, their 
catalogues, from various horticultural mag- 
azines and books, mostly French, and from a 
few amateurs, who have interested them- 
selves in the subject. Among these are 
Mons. Jean Sisley, whose monograph of the 
roses raised at Lyons has been of valuable 
service. I believe this will be found much 
the most reliable list of the kind, but from 
seeing so many inaccuracies in others of 
similar character I know there must be some 
errors in this. Any of my readers who may 
discover mistakes or misstatements of facts 
will greatly oblige by communicating with 
228 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 229 

me, giving the authority which they have. 
In the descriptions, the more popular sorts 
are more fully treated than those not so well 
known; where a variety is described as be- 
longing to a type, a lengthy description is 
rendered unnecessary and only the most dis- 
tinctive features are given. A familiarity 
with the contents of Chapter XV. will there- 
fore be a great help to those who wish to gain 
a correct impression of the varieties here 
described. 

In compiling this list the following method 
has been determined on as the best. The 
name of the variety is first given ; then, the 
habit of growth ; next, letters which show to 
what class the variety belongs ; then, in the 
second column, name of the raiser, and year 
when the rose was sent out; afterward, the 
parentage, if known, or type to which the 
sort may belong ; and, lastly, the description. 
In case of synonyms, they are placed in 
brackets after the accepted name. It is de- 
sirable to add the following, as an explana- 
tion of the plan used in describing varieties : 

Color — the prevailing shade in the most 
perfect development of the flower. 

Size — small, from one to two inches in 
diameter; medium, from two to three inches 
in diameter ; large, from three to four inches 



230 



THE ROSE. 



in diameter ; very large, above four inches in 
diameter. 

Fulness — semi-double, with two to four 
rows of petals; double, having more than 
four rows of petals, but the seed organs are 
shown when the flower expands; full, in 
which the expanded flowers seldom show the 
stamens. 

Form — cupped, the inner petals are shorter 
than the outer ones, the latter stand erect 
and are generally incurved ; globular, outer 
petals are concave, often with convex edges, 
the petals fold richly one about the other; 
reflexed, numerous petals, generally small, 
rising tier above tier to the centre ; flat, the 
surface of the flower is level and all the petals 
are exposed to view — varieties of this kind 
are very full and rarely are seed-bearers. 

Abbreviations used, describing the habit of 
growth : 

Vig., Vigorous. — Those sorts which are 
most luxuriant in growth. 

Free. — Varieties which rank next in order, 
producing shoots somewhat shorter or less 
strong than the first. 

Mod., Moderate. — These kinds make a 
compact growth, but do not produce long 
shoots. 

Dwf., Dwarf. — These are the most delicate 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. iy. 



or slow-growing sorts. Among hardy roses, 
those marked dwf. should, almost invariably, 
be budded. 

It is to be noted that nearly all varieties 
which have in them shades of lilac, violet, 
or purple are very fleeting in color. 

ABBREVIATIONS, DESCRIBING THE CLASSES TO 
WHICH THE VARIETIES BELONG. 

A. — Austrian. 

Ay. — Ayrshire. 

Bk. — Banksia. 

B. — Bourbon. 

B'lt.— Boursault. 

CI. T.— Climbing Tea. 

Dam. — Damask. 

E v. — Evergreen. 

Fr. — French. 

H. Ch.— Hybrid China. 

H. CI.— Hybrid Climbing. 

H. N. — Hybrid Noisette. 

H. R. — Hybrid Remontant. 

H. T.— Hybrid Tea. 

Mic. — Microphylla. 

M.— Moss. 

Mult.— Multiflora. 

N. — Noisette. 

P. M. — Perpetual Moss. 



232 THE ROSE. 



Pol.— Polyantha. 
P. — Prairie. 
Prov. — Provence, 
S.— Scotch. 
T.— Tea Roses. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 233 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



A. Geoffroy-St.-Hi 
laire, mod. H.R. 



2. A. M. Ampere. H, 
R. 

3. Abbe Bramerel. 
mod. H.R. 

4. Abbe Giraudier. H, 
R. 

5. Abbe Reynaud, vig, 
H.C. 

6. Abel Carriere, mod. 
H.R. 



7. Abel Grand, mod. 
or free. H.R. 



8. Achille Gonod, free. 
H.R. 

9. Acidalie, free. B. 

10. Adam, mod. (Syn. 
President.) T. 

11. Admiral Nelson, vig. 
H.R. 



E. Verdier, 1878. Red, with a shade of 
crimson ; medium size, full ; fine, cir- 
cular form, fragrant and free. Seed or- 
gans well developed ; seven leaflets are 
common, a great rarity among dark va- 
rieties of this class. 

Liabaud, 1881. Raised from Lion des 
Combats. 

Guillot fils, 1871. Raised from Giant 0/ 
Battles. Crimson, shaded with vel- 
vety purple. 

Levet, 1869. Bright rose. 

Guillot fils, 1863. Large, carmine-rose 
flowers, not full enough; growth very 
rank. 

E. Verdier, 1875. Velvety-crimson, with 
fiery centre ; large, full flowers, fra- 
grant ; short wood, sharp red spines ; 
shows traces of Bourbon blood. A rose 
of better form and finish than most of 
the very dark sorts. Shy in autumn. 

Damaizin, 1865. Jules Margottin type. 
Glossy rose, large and full, fragrant ; 
unreliable as to form, often the finest 
in autumn. 

Gonod, 1864. Raised from Jules Mar- 
gottin. Rosy-carmine. 

Rousseau, 1837. Blush, often white ; 
fragrant. 

Adam, 1838. Salmon-rose, fragrant ; es- 
teemed for forcing. 

Ducher, 1859. Bright crimson, double, 
cupped form ; very spiny, straggling 
growth ; shows Bourbon origin. 



234 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



12. Admiral Rigney. N. 

13. Adolphe Brong- 
niard, mod. H.R. 

14. Adrienne Chris- 
tophle, mod. T. 

15. African Black, mod, 
Fr. 

16. Agrippina, mod. 
(Syn. Cramois i- 
Superieur.) Beng. 



17. Aimee Vibert, free, 
N. 



, Aimee Vibert Scan- 
dens, vig. N. 



10. Alba Carnea, free 
H.R. 

20. Alba Grandiflora 
vig. Bk. 

21. Alba Mutabilis, free. 
H.R. 

22. Alba Rosea, free. T. 

23. Alexandre Dutitre 
H.R. 

24. Alexandre Fontaine, 
vig. H.R. 

25. Alexandrine Bach- 
metieff, mod. H.R 

26. Alfred Colomb, free, 
H.R. 



27. Alfred de Dalmas 
free. P.M. 



See Eugene Pirolle. 

Margottin, 1868. Carmine-red, full fra- 
grant. 
Guillot fils, 1868. Apricot-yellow. 

Dark crimson. Not valuable. 

Introduced to England from China in 
1789. Rich crimson, specially valued 
for its fine buds. A useful sort for 
bedding out and for forcing. The best 
of the class. 

Vibert, 1828. Raised from Semfiervirens 
Plena. Pure white, small, double 
flowers, produced in large clusters; 
seven leaflets ; nearly hardy. 

Curtis, 1841. A sport from the above ; 
identical with the old kind, except that 
it is of stronger growth. These pretty 
sorts are both difficult to propagate 
from cuttings. 

Touvais, 1867. White, tinted with rose ; 
foliage dark ; seven leaflets are common. 

Very small, full flowers, delicately scent- 

E. Verdier, 1865. Pink, sometimes mot- 
tled, medium size, double. Wood armed 
with dark-brown thorns. 

Sarter, 1855. See Madame Bravy. 

Leveque, 1878. Bright rose. 

Cherry-red ; mildews easily; shy bloomer. 

Margottin, 1852. Cherry-red, rosette 
shape, medium size ; foliage dark ; 
wood armed with pale red thorns. 

Lacharme, 1865. Raised from General 
Jacqueminot. Carmine-crimson ; large, 
or very large, full ; of fine, globular 
form, extremely fragrant; green wood, 
with occasional pale green thorns, the 
foliage large and handsome. A grand 
rose ; the most useful, in its class, for 
general cultivation. 

Laffay, 1855. Pink, small flowers, of 
poor quality ; the wood is very thorny ; 
straggling habit. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 235 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



28. Alfred de Rouge- 
raont, free. H.R. 



29. Alfred K. Williams, 
mod. H.R. 



30. Alfred Leveau. 
H.R. 

31. Alice Dureau. H.R. 

32. Alice Leroy, mod. 
or free. M. 

33. Aline Sisley, mod. 
T. 

04. Alpaide de Rotaher. 
J free. H.R. 

35. Alphonse Damaizin, 
mod. H.R. 

36. Alphonse Karr. H. 
R. 

37. Alphonse Karr. H. 
R. 

38. Alphonse Karr, 
mod. B. 



39. Alphonse M o r 1 1 e 
mans, mod. T. 

40. *Alphonse Soupert, 
vig. H.R. 

41. Amabilis, free. T, 

42. Amadis, vig. (Crim- 
son Boursault.)B'lt. 

43. Amazone, mod. T. 

44. Ambrogio M a g g i . 
H.R. 

^5. Amelie Hoste. H. 
R. 

45. America, vig. N. 



Lacharme, 1863. Raised from General 
Jacqueminot. Crimson-magenta, very 
large, full, well built, fragrant ; rather 
shy bloomer. 

Schwartz, 1877. Magenta-red, shaded 
with crimson ; large, full flowers, partly 
imbricated. A very beautiful rose ; 
but, thus far, not constant and reliable. 

Vigneron, 1880. Carmine-rose. 

Vigneron, 1867. Rosy-lilac, good globu- 
lar form. 

Trouillard, 1842. Pink, semi-double ; 
buds are not mossy. Armed with very 

, red spines. 

Guillot fils, 1874. Violet-rose, not a clear 
shade ; a fruity, pleasant fragrance. 

Campy, 1863. Rose-color. 



Damaizin, 



Bright crimson. 

Flesh color, margined 



Portemer, 1845. 
with carmine. 

Feuillet, 1855. Bright rose, medium size, 
full. 

Nabonnand, 1878. Raised from Duchess 
of Edinburgh. Rosy-crimson. Sent 
out as a Tea ; but, with its parent, is 
better placed among the Bengals. 
There is, as yet, no crimson Tea. 

Madame Ducher, 1875. Lilac-rose. 

Lacharme, 1883. Large, very handsome 
and showy; bright rose color. 

Touvais. Flesh color, centre rose ; habit, 
branching. 

Laffay, 1829. Purplish-crimson ; semi- 
double. 

Ducher, 1872. Yellow, reverse of petals 
veined with rose ; long, well-formed 
buds ; habit delicate. 

Pernet, 1879. Raised from John Hopper. 
Bright rose. 

Gonod, 1874. Pink, reverse of petals 
darker. 

C. G. Page, 1859. (Sent out by T. G. 
Ward, of Washington.) Raised from 



236 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



47. American Banner, 
dwf. T. 



48. * American Beauty, 
vig. H.R. 



49. Andre Dunand, 
mod. H.R. 

50. Andre Leroy, mod. 
H.R. 



51. * Angele Jacquier, 
free. T. 



52. Anicet Bourgeois. 
H.R. 

53. Anna Alexieff, free. 
H.R. 

54. Anna Eliza, vig. P. 

55. Anna Ollivier, mod. 
T. 

56. Anna Maria, vig. P. 
58. Anne de Diesbach, 

vig. H.R. 



59. Anne Marie Cote, 
free. H.N. 

60. Anne Marie de 
Montravel, mod. Pol. 



Solfaterre X Safrano. Pale yellow, 
with fawn centre ; large, full flowers ; 
more shy than either parent. 

G. Cartwright, 1879. (Sent out by Peter 
Henderson.) A sport from Bon Si- 
tine. Carmine, striped with white, 
semi-double; the flowers and foliage are 
both small. Of no value except as a 
curiosity. 

Hon. G. Bancroft ; sent out by George 
Field & Bro., 1885. Large, globular; 
deep pink, shaded with carmine ; deli- 
cious odor; has proved to be a most 
desirable variety for forcing. 

Schwartz, 1871. Raised from Victor 
Verdier. Silvery rose ; fades quickly 
and often opens badly. 

Trouillard, 1868. (Sent out by Standish.) 
Crimson, with a shade of violet ; an 
attractive color, but very transient; 
often ill-formed. 

Guillot, 1879. Pale rose, sometimes flesh, 
base of petals tinged with coppery yel- 
low ; very sweet, free flowering. A 
lovely Tea, bearing some resemblance 
both to Catherine Mermet and Rubens. 

Moreau-Robert, 1880. Raised from Sen- 
ateur Vaisse X Madame Victor Ver- 
dier. Cherry-red, cupped form. 

Margottin, 1858. Rose color, large, full 
flowers, freely produced. 

Williams. Red, tinged with lilac, nu- 
merous thorns. 

Ducher, 1872. Buff, shaded with rose. 

Feast, 1843. Pale pink; very few thorns. 

Lacharme, 1858. Raised from La Reine. 
In color, the most lovely shade of car- 
mine; very large, double flowers, fra- 
grant ; one of the hardiest. A very de- 
sirable garden rose. 

Guillot fils, 1875. White, sometimes 
tinged with pink. 

Rambaux & Dubreuil, 1879. Very small, 
full, white flowers, somewhat fragrant. 
Resembles Paquerette. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



2 37 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



61. *Annie Cook, vig. T. 



62. Annie Laxton, mod. 
H.R. 

63 Annie Wood, mod, 
or dwf. H.R. 

64. Antheros. T. 

65. Antoine Devert. T. 

66. Antoine Ducher, 
mod. H.R. 

67. Antoine Mouton, 
vig. H.R. 



68. Antoine Quihou, 
H.R. 

69. Antoine Verdier, 
mod. H.R. 



70. A n t o n i a Decarli, 
vig. CI. T. 

71. Apolline, vig. B. 



72. Archduke Charles, 
mod. Beng. 

73. Archimede, free. T. 



74. Ardoise de Lyon. 
vig. H.R. 



Cook, 1888. An American seedling from 
Bon Silene ; delicate shade of pink, 
changing to white under glass in winter, 
vigorous and free-blooming. This vari- 
ety has several good qualities, but the 
shape of the bud detracts from its value 
for forcing purposes. 

Laxton, 1869. (Sent out by Geo. Paul.) 
Satiny rose, medium or large size, very 
full. 

E. Verdier, 1866. _ Bright crimson with a 
shade of vermilion ; a good autumnal 
rose. 

Lepage. Flesh color, shaded with yellow. 

Gonod, 1880. White, tinged with pink, 
reverse of petals shaded salmon. 

Ducher, 1866. Violet-red ; large, well- 
shaped flowers, fragrant; wood very 
thorny. The color is very fleeting. 

Levet, 1874. Deep rose, tinged with lilac, 
not unlike Paul Neyron ; it is more 
fragrant and more hardy, but in color 
and size is below that sort. 

E. Verdier, 1879. Brownish-crimson. 

Jamain, 1871. Rose shaded with lilac, 
well-formed buds, no perfume ; the 
color is muddy. This sort would not 
improperly be classed among the 
Hybrid Teas, as it resembles them in 
habit as well as in continuity of flower- 
ing. 

Levet, 1873. May be briefly described as 
an inferior Gloire de Dijon, from which 
sort it was raised. 

V. Verdier, 1848. Raised from Pierre de 
St. Cyr. Rosy-pink; large, cupped 
flowers. The most useful of all Bour- 
bons for open air. 

Laffay. Rosy-crimson, variable in color, 
sometimes deep marbled rose. 

Robert, 1856. Rosy-fawn, the centre 
darker ; ill-formed flowers are frequent. 
A good rose when in perfection, and of 
excellent habit. 

Plantier, 1865. (Sent out by Damaizin.) 
Violet rose, a poor color. 



2 3 8 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



75. Aristide Dupuis, 
vig. H.C. 

76. Arthemise, free 
H.R. 



77. Arthur de Sansal. 
H.R. 

78. Augusta. N. 

79. Auguste Buchner. 
H.R. 

80. Auguste Mie, free. 
{Madame Rival.) H. 
R. 

81. Auguste Neumann. 
H.R. 

82. Auguste Oger, mod. 
T. 

83. Auguste Rfgotard. 
H.R. 

84. Auguste Vacher. T. 

85. *Augustine Guinoi- 
seau, vig. H. T. 



86. Auretti, vig. H.C. 

87. Aureus. T. 

88. Avocat Duvivier 
H.R. 

89. Baltimore Belle, 
vig. P. 

90. Baron Adolphe de 
Rothschild, free. 
H.R. 

91. Baron Alexandre de 
Vrints. T. 

92. Baron Chaurand, 
vig. H.R. 

93. Baron de Bonstet- 
ten, vig. H.R. 



94. Baron Gonella, vig. 
B. 



Touvais, 1866. Purplish-rose, a muddy 
hue ; double or full, fragrant ; of no 
value. 

Moreau-Robert, 1876. Deep rose color ; 
rather small, cup-shaped flowers, not 
unlike Apolline. Only worthy of a 
place in very large collections. 

Cochet, 1855. Raised from Giant 0/ 
Battles. Deep crimson. 

See Solfaterre. 

Leveque, 1880. Reddish-purple. 

Laffay, 1851. Raised from La Reine. 
Glossy pink. One of the most tender 
of this type. 

E. Verdier, 1870. Red, shaded with vio- 
let. 

Oger, 1850. Coppery-rose. 

Schwartz, 1871. Cherry-red, somewhat 
like Dupuy J amain. 

Lacharme, 1853. Coppery-yellow. 

Guinoiseau, 1889. Flowers white, slightly 
tinted with flesh. Sometimes called 
White La France. Valuable for forc- 
ing. 

Crimson-purple ; fades very quickly. 

Ducher, 1873. Coppery-yellow. 

Leveque, 1875. See Marechal Vaillant. 

Feast, 1843. Pale blush, changing to 

white. 
Lacharme, 1862. Bright red, shaded with 

crimson ; mildews easily. 

Gonod, 1880. Raised from Madame de 

Tart as. Delicate rose. 
Liabaud, 1869. See Baron de Bonstetten. 

Liabaud, 1871. Velvety maroon, shaded 
with deep crimson, somewhat lighter in 
shade than Prince Camille, and rather 
smalbr in size, but with a little more 
substance ; shy in autumn, but a grand 
rose. 

Guillot pere, 1859. Bronzed rose, well 
formed, fragrant ; non-autumnal. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 239 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



05. Baron Haussmann. 

free. H.R. 
96. Baron Taylor, free. 

H.R. 



07. Baron de Roths- 
child, free. H.R. 

98. Baroness Roths- 
child, mod. H.R. 
(Madame de Roths- 
child.) 



99. Baronne de May- 
nard, mod. or free. 
H.N. 

100. Baronne de Prailly. 
H.R. 

101. Baronne de Was- 
senaer free. M. 

102. Baronne Louise 
Uxkull, free. H.R. 

103. Baronne Prevost, 
vig. H.R. 



104. Barthelemy Levet, 
mod. H.R. 

105. Beaute del' Europe, 
vig. CI. T. 

106. Beauty of Glazen- 
wood. Ev. 

107. Beauty of Green- 
mount, vig. N. 

108. Beauty of Staple- 
ford, mod. H. T. 



E. Verdier, 1867. Dark red, large, well- 
built flowers. 
Dougat, 1879. A sport from John Hop- 
per. Pink. Only differs from the pa- 
rent in shade ; it does not appear to be 
constant. 
Guillot tils, 1862. Raised from General 

Jacqueminot. Amaranth-red. 
Pernet, 1867. Light pink, sometimes 
shaded with rose ; large, or very large; 
cupped form, very symmetrical, with- 
out fragrance; the wood is short -jointed, 
thick, light green, armed with occa- 
sional light green thorns ; one of the 
hardiest, but does not propagate from 
cuttings. A very distinct, beautiful 
rose, free blooming, and greatly valued, 
both as an exhibition and a garden sort. 
Lacharme, 1865. From Blanche Lajitte 
X Sappho. White, edge of petals often 
tinged with pink ; small size, compact 
form. 
Liabaud, 1871. Bright red, large, very 

full ; often does not open well. 
V. Verdier, 1854. Deep rose; buds pretty, 

and quite well mossed. 
Guillot fils, 1871. Carmine-rose; large, 

highly scented flowers. 
Desprez. (Sent out by Cochet, in 1842.) 
Pure rose color, very large, very full, 
flat form ; a free bloomer, fragrant, 
very hardy. The shoots are stout and 
stiff. 
Levet, 1878. Bright rose. 

Gonod, 1881. Gloire de Dijon type. Deep 
yellow; reverse of petals coppery-yellow. 
See Fortune's Yellow. 



Pentland, 1854. Rosy-red. 

Bennett, 1879. Raised from Alba Rosea 
X Countess of Oxford. Red, tinged 
with violet, large, well-formed, prettily 
shaped buds, without fragrance ; the 
color is not pleasing, too soon becom- 
ing muddy. Very subject to mildew. 



240 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



, Beauty of Waltham, 
free. H.R. 



no. 
in. 

112. 

"3- 
114. 
115. 
116. 
117. 

118. 

119. 

120. 
121. 

122. 
123. 



Belle Americaine, 
mod. H.R. 

Belle Fleurd'Anjou, 
mod. T. 

Belle Lyonnaise, 
vig. a. T. 

Belle Maconnaise, 
free. T. 

Belle Normande, 
free. H.R. 

Bennett's Seedling, 
vig. _ A y 

Benjamin Drouet, 
free. H.R. 

Bernard Palissey, 
free. H.R. 

Berthe Baron, free. 
H.R.^ 

Bessie Johnson, 
mod. H.R. 

Bignonia, mod. T. 

Black Prince, free. 
H.R. 

Blanche de Beau- 
lieu, free. H.R. 

Blanchefieur, free. 
Fr. 



124 

125 
126 

127. 



Blanche Lafitte, 
free. B. 

Blanche Moreau, 
P.M. 

* Blanche Rebatel 
dwf. Pol. 

Blanche Vibert, 
Dam. 



W. Paul, 1862. Rosy-crimson, medium, 
or large size, fragrant , it has the habit 
of throwing out side-shoots from nearly 
every eye. This is still a sort to com- 
mend. 

Daniel Boll (New York), 1837. Deep 
pinkj double, small, well formed. 

Touvais, 1872. Silvery-rose, large; rather 
good. 

Levet, i860. Raised from Gloire de 
Dijon. Pale, lemon-yellow ; less pro- 
ductive than the parent. A fine sort. 

Ducher, 1870. Pale salmon-rose. 

Oger, 1864. A sport from La Reine. 

Silvery-rose. 
Bennett. Pure white, small, double. 

E. Verdier, 1878. Red, shaded with pur- 
ple. 

Margottin, 1863. Red, medium size, very 
full, fragrant ; often comes ill-formed, 
sometimes is very fine. 

Baron-Viellard, 1868. Raised from Jules 
Margottin. Delicate rose color. 

Curtis, 1872. A sport from Abel Grand. 
Blush, highly scented. 

Levet, 1872. Red. 

1866. Purchased and sent out by W. 
Paul. Dark crimson ; not considered a 
reliable sort, occasionally it is very fine. 

Margottin, 185 1. Deep pink, large, loose 
flowers ; rather tender. 

Vibert, 1846^ White, tinged with blush, 
medium size, flat, very full, highly 
scented. One of the earliest to blossom; 
the flowers produced in great profusion. 
A valuable garden rose. 

Pradel, 1851. Blush-white. 

Moreau-Robert, 1880. White, claimed to 

be a true remontant. 
Bernaix, 1889. Carmine shaded with 

rose; flowers small, produced in clusters 

of forty to fifty blooms. 
Vibert, 1838. See Portland Blanche. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



241 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



128. Blairii No. 2, vig. 
H.Ch. 



129. Boieldieu, vig. H. 
R. 



130. Bon Silene, free, 
(Silene.) T. 



131. Bougere, free. T. 



132. Boule de Nanteuil, 
mod. or free. Fr. 

133. Boule de Neige, 
free. H.N. 

134. Boule d'Or, dwf. or 
mod. T. 

135. Bouquet d'Or, vig. 
N. 

136. Bouton d'Or, mod. 
T. 

137. Brennus, vig. H. 
Ch. 



138. * Bride, free. T. 



139. * Bridesmaid, mod. 
(Hugh.) T. 



Blair. Pink, large, double ; much es- 
teemed in England as a Pillar rose. 
We do not value it highly for this cli- 
mate. 

Gar$on, 1877. (Sent out by Margottin- 
fils.) Belongs to Baronne Pre'vost 
type. Cherry-red, very large and full, 
flat form ; will probably supersede Ma- 
dame Boll. This is more productive, 
has slimmer wood, smaller foliage, 
stouter thorns than Madame Boll. The 
latter sort has five leaflets only, this 
has commonly seven ; remembering 
this, it is easy to distinguish between 
them. 

Hardy, 1839. Deep salmon-rose, illum- 
ined with carmine, medium size, semi- 
double, highly scented, very free flow- 
ering. This is only desirable in the bud 
state ; for many years it has been a 
leading kind for forcing. The English 
florists have not yet discovered its 
value. 

1832. Bronzed pink, large and full, thick 
petals ; one of the hardiest. An old 
variety, yet one of the most desirable. 

Crimson-purple, fades easily ; worthless. 

Lacharme, 1867. White, small, very full, 
does not root from cuttings. 

Margottin, i860. Deep yellow, large, 
very full ; does not open well. 

Ducher, 1872. Yellow, with coppery cen- 
tre, large, full. 

Guillot fils, 1866. Orange-yellow, medium 
size. 

Laffay, 1830. Deep red, shaded with 
violet. We now have almost the same 
shade in Ckeshunt Hybrid, a more 
useful sort. 

J. N. May, 1885. A sport from Cathe- 
rine Mermet. Pure white, large, fine 
form, very fragrant, free bloomer, ad- 
mirably adapted for forcing. 

Moore, 1892. A sport from Catherine 
Mermet, described as being of a rich 
clear pink, superior to the parent in 



16 



242 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



140. Brightness of Ches- 
hunt. H.R. 

141. * Brighton Beauty, 
vig. H.T. 

142. *Bruce Findlay, vig. 
H.R. 

143. Cabbage. 

144. Camille Bernardin, 
free or vig. H.R. 



145. Camoens. H.T. 

146. Canary, dwf. T. 

147. Cannes LaCoquette, 
mod. H. T. 

148. Captain Christy, 
mod. or dwf. H.T. 



149. Captain John In- 
gram, free. M. 

150. Captain Lamure, 
mod. H.R. 

151. * Captain Lefort, 
vig. T. 

152. Cardinal Patrizzi, 
mod. H.R. 

153. Carl Coers, vig. 
H.R. 

154. Caroline, mod. T. 

155. Caroline Cook, mod. 
T. 



cloudy weather, as it holds its color 
much better. 

G. Paul, 1881. Belongs to Duke of Ed- 
inburgh type. Vivid red, medium size. 

Rich'd Bagg. Sent out by J. N. May, 1891. 
Bright red flowers produced in great pro- 
fusion all summer; suitable for bedding. 

Paul & Son, 1891. "Large, beautifully 
shaped, bright crimson." 

See Centifolia. 

Gautreau, 1865. Raised from General 
Jacqueminot. Light crimson, medium 
size, semi-cupped form, fragrant; does 
not bloom until late in the season, and 
then the flowers fade easily ; never 
very productive. 

Schwartz, 1881. Pale rose, base of petals 
yellow. 

Guillot pere, 1852. Canary-yellow, beau- 
tiful little buds, delicate habit. 

Nabonnand, 1877. Raised from La 
France. Salmon, with a shade of red. 
Much behind the parent in value. 

Lacharme, 1873. Raised from Victor 
Verdier X Safrano. Delicate flesh 
color, deepening in shade toward the 
centre, medium size, sometimes large, 
full ; the foliage when young somewhat 
resembles Mahonia leaves. Ill-shaped 
flowers are not uncommon, but it is a 
most lovely sort when in perfection. 

Laffay, 1856. Purple-crimson, color non- 
permanent ; dark, small foliage, in five 



leaflets, 
Levet, 1870 

violet. 
Bonnaire, 18 



Dark red, tinged with 



Large, purplish-rose, re- 
verse of petals China rose. 

Trouillard, 1857. Giant of Battles type. 
Crimson, with a tinge of purple. 

Granger, 1865. Purple-red. 

Rosy-flesh, deeper toward centre; prettily 

formed buds. 
A. Cook, 1871. Raised from Safrano. 

Apricot-yellow, with a shade of rose ; 

not a valuable sort. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 243 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



156. * Caroline d'Arden, 
vig. H.R. 

157. Caroline de Sansal, 
vig. H.R. 



158. Caroline Marniesse, 
free. N. 

159. Caroline S c h m i 1 1. 
N. 

160. Catherine Bell, free, 
H.Cl. 

161. Catherine Guillot. 
B. 

162. Catherine Mermet, 
mod. or free. T. 



163. Catherine Soupert, 
mod. H.R. 

164. * C e c i 1 e Brunner 
mod, Pol. 



165. Celine, dwf. M. 

166. Celine Forestier 
vig. N. 

167. Ce.ls-Mul.ti flora 
mod. Beng. 

168. Centi folia, free 
{Cabbage ox Commor 
Provence.) Prov. 

169. Centifolia Cristata 
free. Dam. 

170. Centifolia Rosea 
mod. H.R. 



A. Dickson & Sons, 1888. Very large, 
full; pure soft rose color ; of delightful 
fragrance; petals of great substance. 

Desprez, 1849. (Sent out by Hippolyte 
Jamain.) Flesh color, deepening 
toward the centre ; large, full flowers, 
flat form, often indented ; subject to 
mildew ; very hardy. An unreliable 
sort, but beautiful when in perfection; 
generally it is of better quality in Sep- 
tember than in June. 

Roeser, 1848. Creamy white, small and 
full ; seven leaflets, nearly hardy. 

Schmitt, 1881. Raised from Solfaterre. 
Salmon-yellow, changing to pale yellow. 

Bell & Son, 1877. Rose color, large, 
loose flowers ; very poor. 

Guillot fils, 1861. Raised from Louise 
Odier. Rose color. 

Guillot fils, 1869. Flesh color, with the 
same silvery lustre seen in La France ; 
large, full, well formed ; not very pro- 
ductive, yet not a shy bloomer ; very 
beautiful in the bud ; when the flowers 
expand they exhale a delightful per- 
fume. The finest of all the Teas. 

Lacharme, 1879. Rosy-peach ; distinct. 

Mme. Ducher, 1890. A hybrid from 
Polyantha simplex fertilized by a Tea. 
Salmon-pink, with deep salmon centre ; 
very small, full, delicately centred ; 
admirable in bud and open flower. 

Robert, 1855. Crimson-purple. 

Trouillard, i860. Pale yellow, deepen- 
ing toward the centre ; the hardiest of 
the Tea-scented section. 

Cels, 1838. Flesh color, very free-bloom- 
ing. 

Rose color, large, full, globular, fragrant. 
A very desirable garden variety. 

Vibert, 1827. Large, pink flowers, not 
crested, fragrant and good. 

Touvais, 1863. Bright rose, circular, shell 
form ; light green wood, with numerous 
red thorns ; foliage crimpled. 



244 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



171. Charles Baltet. H. 
R. 

172. Charles Darwin, 
free. H.R. 



173. Charles Duval. H. 
R. 

174. Charles Fontaine 
H.R. 

175. Charles Getz, vig. 
B. 

176. Charles Lawson, 
vig. H.Ck. 

177. Charles Lefebvre, 
free. {Marguerite 
Brassac.) H.R. 



178. Charles Margottin, 
mod. H.R. 



180. Charles Rouillard. 
H.R. 

181. Charles Rovolli, 
free. T. 



182. Charles Turner, 
free. H.R. 



E. Verdier, 1877. Carmine-red, medium 
size, full, fragrant. 

Laxton, 1879. (Sent out by G. Paul.) 
Raised from Madame Julie Daran. 
Brownish-crimson, with a shade of vio- 
let, very beautiful and distinct ; mil- 
dews easily. 

E. Verdier, 1877. Red, medium size. 

Fontaine, 1868. Crimson, fragrant. 

A. Cook, 1871. Rosy-pink, medium size, 
full, fragrant ; shy in autumn. 

1853. Light rose color, large, full, frag- 
rant ; 5 leaflets ; useful for pillars. 

Lacharme, 1861. Claimed to have been 
raised from General Jacqueminot X 
Victor Verdier. Reddish-crimson, 
sometimes with a shade of purple, very 
velvety and rich, but fading quickly ; 
large, full, thick petals, beautifully 
formed. There are a few thorns of light 
red ; the wood and foliage are of light 
reddish-green. A splendid rose. 

Margottin, 1864. A seeding of Jules 
Margottin. Fiery red, shaded with 
crimson; large, full flowers; retains 
the color well ; smooth, reddish wood, 
armed with occasional red spines ; fo- 
liage slightly crimpled. An excellent, 
distinct rose, quite unlike the parent in 
habit. It doubtless comes from a nat- 
ural cross of some dark sort like Charles 
Lefebvre on Jules Margottin. 
\. Verdier, 1865. Rale rose, well formed. 

Pernet, 1875. Carmine rose, not unlike 
Bon Silene, from which variety, so far 
as our observation goes, it differs only 
in being inferior. 

Margottin, 1869. Crimson vermilion, 
large, full flowers, flat form, resembling 
General Washington; wood armed 
with numerous dark-red thorns. A shy 
bloomer. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



245 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



183. Charles Verdier, 
dwf. H.R. 



184. Chenedolle, vig 
H.Ch. 

185. Cheshunt Hybrid, 
vig. H.T. 



186. *Cheveral, vig. M. 



187. Christian Puttner, 
dwf. H.Ch. 

188. *Christine de Noue, 
vig. r. 

189. Christine Nilsson, 
free. H.R. 

190. Claire Carnot, vig. 
N. 

191. * Clara Cochet, vig. 
H.R. 

192. Clara Sylvain, mod. 
{Lady Warrender.) 
Beng. 

193. Claude Bernard, 
mod. H.R. 

194. Claude Levet. H. 
R. 

195. *Claudine Perreau, 
vig. T. 



196. Clemence Raoux 
vig. H.R. 

197. Clement Nabon- 
nand, free. T. 

198. *Cleopatra, mod. T. 



Guillot pere, 1866. A seedling of Victor 
Verdier. Pink, with a tinge of salmon ; 
globular, full flowers ; thorns dark red. 
A bad one to open, and fades very soon. 

Bright red, large, double ; shoots very 
spiny, 5 to 7 leaflets, 

G. Paul, 1872. Believed to be a natural 
cross from Madame de Tartas X 
Prince Camille de Rohan. Red, shad- 
ed with violet ; large, full, slightly fra- 
grant ; very distinct. A good rose, free 
in the spring, but shy in autumn. 

Moreau-Robert, 1887. Large, full, very 
double; rich bronze red, changing to 
dark purplish-crimson ; fragrant. 

Oger, 1861. Deep violet-rose ; an impure 
shade. 

Guillot, 1890. Very large and full, deep 
purplish-red, centre lake and clear pur- 
ple ; sweet. 

Leveque, 1867. Rose color. In the way 
of Madame Boutin. 

Guillot fils, 1873. Pale yellow, somewhat 
in the way of Celine Forestier, but 
more fragrant. 

Lacharme, 1886. Clear satiny rose, with 
brighter centre ; large and full. 

Madame Pean. White, strongly infused 
with Tea blood. 

Liabaud, 1878. Raised from Jules Mar- 
gottin. Rose color ; little fragrance ; 
not a desirable sort. 

Levet, 1872. Velvety red, fragrant. 

Lambert, 1887. A seedling of Souvenir 
d'un Ami, with full, globular, pink 
flowers; flower-stems stiff , blooms well 
displayed. 

Granger, 1868. (Sent out by Charles Lee.) 
A washed-out pink; large, fragrant 
flowers, quartered shape ; worthless. 

Nabonnand, 1877. Light yellow, shaded 
with rosy-salmon ; not valuable. 

Bennett, 1890. Large and beautiful; pale 
pink ; long pointed buds, produced on 
stiff stems. 



246 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



199. Climbing Captain 
Christy. H.Cl. 



200. Climbing Bessie 
Johnson, vig. H.Cl. 

201. Climbing Charles 
Lefebvre, free. H. 
CI. 

102. Climbing Countess 
of Oxford, free. H. 
CI. 

203. Climbing Devo- 
niensis, vig. CI. T. 



204. Climbing Edward 
Morren, vig. H.Cl. 

205. Climbing J ulesMar- 
gottin, vig. H.Cl. 



206. Climbing Madame 
Victor Verdier. H. 
CI. 

207. Climbing Mademoi- 
selle Eugenie Ver- 
dier, free. H.Cl. 

208. * Climbing Niphe- 
tos, vig. T. 



209. *Climbing Perle des 
Jardins, vig. T. 



210. Climbing Victor 
Verdier, free. H.Cl. 

211. * Climbing Victor 
Verdier, free. H.Cl. 



Ducher & Soeur, 1881. Flowers are like 
the old variety, from which it is a sport, 
but the shoots are more slender and 
longer. 

G. Paul, 1878. A sport from Bessie John- 
son. Like the parent, except more 
vigorous. 

Cranston, 1876. Not any stronger in 
growth than the original. 

Smith, 1875. Of no value. 



S. J. Pavitt, 1858. (Sent out by Henry 
Curtis.) A sport from Devoniensis. 
This seems to us as productive as the 
old sort, and its extra vigor of growth 
is an advantage. 

G. Paul, 1879. A sport, likely to make 
a very useful pillar rose. 

Cranston, 1875. A sport from Jules Mar- 
gottin. Flowers are the same as in the 
old sort, except being a little smaller, 
and for this reason it is finer in the bud 
state. The best of all the climbing 
sports ; highly commended as a useful 
pillar rose. 

Cranston, 1877. A humbug. 



G. Paul, 1877. " Light rosy-salmon ; 
like all these climbing sports the flowers 
become smaller, and are produced more 
freely than the type." 

Keynes & Co., 1889. A very vigorous, 
rapid-growing climbing sport from the 
well-known Tea rose Niphetos. Flow- 
ers identical with those of the type. 

J. Henderson, 1890. A sport from the 
well-known variety. Identical with the 
parent except in growth, the sport being 
of vigorous climbing habit. 

G. Paul, 1871. Flowers somewhat small- 
er and less freely produced than in the 
old sort. 

G. Paul, 1871. Carmine-rose. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 247 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



212. Cloth of Gold, vig. 
(Chromatella.) N. 

213. Clothilde. T. 

214. Clothilde Rolland 
H R 

215. * Clothilde Soupert, 
vig. Pol. 



216. Col. de Rougemont. 
mod. H.R. 

217. Colonel de Sansal, 
mod. H.R. 

218. Cornice de Seine-et- 
Marne, mod. B. 

219. Cornice de Tarn-et- 
Garonne, mod. B. 

220. Common Moss, free. 
(Old Moss.) M. 

221. Comte A. de Ger 
miny. H.R. 

222. Comte d'Eu. B. 

223. Comte de Flandres. 
H.R. 

224. Comte de Grivel. T. 

225. Comte de Morte- 
mart, free. H.R. _ 

226. Comte de Nanteuil, 
vig. H.Ch. 

227. Comte de Paris, 
mod. or dwf. T. _ 

228. Comte de Sembui 
mod. T. 



Coquereau, 1843. ^Raised from Lamar- 
gue. Deep yellow centre with sul- 
phur edges ; large, full flowers A 
grand rose, but difficult to grow well. 

Rolland, 1867. Creamy -white, centre 
rosy salmon. 

Rolland, 1867. Cherry-rose. 

Soupert et Notting, 1890 Medium size: 
very double and beautifully imbricated 
like an aster ; produced in clusters ; 
pearly-white, with rosy-lake centres, 
liable to vary, producing often red and 
white flowers on same plant. 

Lacharme, 1853. Of the Baronne Provost 
type. Light rose. _ 

Jamain, 1874. Carmine-red. 



Pradel, 1842. Deep red, shaded with vio- 

let 
Pradel, 1852. Carmine-red, well formed. 

Pale rose, very beautiful in the bud. Dif- 
ficult to propagate from cuttings None 
others in the class, except Crested and 
Gracilis, can rank with this in quality. 

Leveque, 1881. Raised irom Jules Mar- 
gottin. Bright rose. 

iicharme, 1844. Raised from Gloire des 
Rosomanes. Bright, rosy-crimson 

Leveque, 1881. Raised from Madame 
Victor Verdier. " Reddish-purple, vel- 
vety, illumined with carmine. 

Levet/1871. Raised from Canary. Pale 

Mareottin fils, 1880. Rose color, very 

fragrant ; smooth, pale-green wood 
Quetier, 1852. Light .rose, large^ful 

flowers, sometimes with green centre, 

not unlike Chenedolle. 
Madame Pean, 1844- F lesh color ' large 
MadlmeDucher, 1874. Salmon and rose, 

the base of petals coppery-yellow; 

laree full flowers, often malformed. 

A grand rose when well grown, but too 

unreliable. 



248 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



229. 
230, 
231. 
232, 

233 
234 
235 
236 



Comte de Thun-Ho 
henstein. H.R. 

Comte Taverna, 
mod. T. 

* Comtesse Anna 
Thun, vig. T. 

Comtesse Cecile de 
Chabrillant, mod. H. 
R. 



Comtesse de Bar 
bantane, free. B. 
Comtesse de Ca- 
mondo. H.R. 
Comtesse de Caser 
ta. T. 

, Comtesse de Choi- 
seuil. H.R. 

, * Comtesse de Frig- 
neuse, vig. T. 

, * Comtesse Horace 
de Choiseul, vig. T. 

, Comtesse de La- 
barthe, free. T. 

. Comtesse de Ludre 

H.R. 
. Comtesse de Mu 

rinais, vig. M. 
. Comtesse de Na 

daillac, mod. T. 

. Comtesse de Segur. 

Prov. 
. Comtesse de Sere- 

nye, mod. H.R. 



Leveque, 



Reddish-crimson. 



Ducher, 1871. Pale yellow. 

Soupert et Notting, 1887. Golden orange- 
yellow; large, full, cupped,very fragrant. 

Marest, 1859. Satiny- pink, never above 
medium size, full, fragrant ; of perfect 
globular form ; numerous dark thorns 
of small size ; foliage dark and tough. 
A lovely rose. 

Guillot pere, 1858. Raised from Louise 
Odier. Blush, shaded with rose. 

Leveque, 1880. Red, shaded. 

Nabonnand, 1877. Coppery-red. 

Mottheau, 1878. Cherry-red, shaded 
with crimson, in the style of Marie 
Rady. 

Guillot et Fils, 1886. Delicate canary 
yellow ; large, full, well formed ; bud 
long and pointed ; free flowering. 

Leveque, 1885. Delicate rose, shaded 
with coppery- yellow ; large, full, and 
finely formed. 

Bernede, 1857. Pink shaded with car- 
mine rose ; pretty in the bud. (Syn. 
Desse de Brabant?) 

E. Verdier, 1879. Carmine-red. 

Vibert, 1843. White, tinged with flesh ; 
not inclined to mildew. 

Guillot fils, 1871. Coppery-yellow, il- 
lumined with carmine-rose ; large, full, 
distinct and effective ; highly esteemed. 

V. Verdier, 1848. Buff-white. 

Lacharme, 1874. Said to be raised from 
La Reine, but it shows more of the 
Jules Margottin characteristics. Sil- 
very-pink, often mottled ; a full, finely 
shaped, globular flower, of medium size; 
slightly fragrant ; wood light green, fo- 
liage darker, thorns red, seven leaflets. 
Not reliable about opening, but a very 
free bloomer, and well worthy a place in 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



249 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



245. Comtesse Henriette 
Combes. H.R. 

246. Comtesse Nathalie 
de Kleist. H.R. 

247. Comtesse Riza du 
Pare, free. T. 



248. Comtesse Ouvaroff, 
free. T. 

249. Constantin Tretia- 
koff. H.R. 

250. Copper, mod. A. 

251. Coquette des Alpes, 
vig. H.N. 



252. Coquette des Blan- 
ches, free or vig. H. 

N. 



253. Coquette de Lyon, 
mod. T. 

254. Cornelie Koch, free. 
(Cornelia Cook.) T. 



255. Countess of Har- 
rington, free. Fr. 

256. Countess of Oxford, 
mod. H.R. 



257. Countess of Rose 
berry, mod. H.R. 



a small collection. One of the most 
distinct ; of great beauty when grown 
under glass. 
Schwartz, 1881. Bright satiny-rose. 

Soupert et Notting, 1880. Coppery-rose, 

reverse of petals lake. 
Schwartz, 1876. Raised from Comtesse 

de Labarthe. Bronzed rose, with a 

carmine tint ; medium size, moderately 

full, highly perfumed. 
Margottin, 1861. Salmon-pink. 

Jamain, 1877. Cherry-red, large, double, 
without fragrance. 

Coppery -red, very striking shade, semi- 
double. 

Lacharme, 1867. Raised from Blanche 
Lafitte X Sappho. White, tinged with 
blush ; size, medium to large • semi- 
cupped form, the wood is long-jointed. 
A very desirable white rose. 

Lacharme, 1871. Same parentage as 
above. White, sometimes tinged with 
blush ; of medium size, very full, some- 
what flat, but pretty ; growth bushy. 
An improvement on Baronne de May- 
nard and Madame A If red de Rouge- 
mo nt. 

Ducher, 1870. Pale yellow ; medium or 
small size ; pretty in bud, and useful 
for bedding. 

A. Koch, 1855. Raised from Devonien- 
sis. White, sometimes faintly tinged 
with pale yellow ; very large, fulL; not 
a free bloomer. This is quite apt to 
come with a green centre,, but is a grand 
rose when well grown, excelling all other 
white Teas. 

Cup-shaped, white flowers, double, pro- 
duced in abundance. 

Guillot pere, i86o._ Raised from Victor 
Verdier. Carmine-red, tinged with 
lilac, fades quickly ; flowers very large 
and full ; subject to mildew, 

R. B. Postans, 1879. (Sent out by Wm. 
Paul & Son.) Belongs to the Victor 
Verdier type. Cherry-red. 



250 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



261. 
262. 

263. 

264. 
265. 

266. 
267. 
268. 

269. 
270. 
271. 

272. 

273- 
274. 



Coupe d'Hebe, vig 
H.Ch. 

Cramoisi-Superieur 
free. (Agri_pJ>ina.) 
Beng. 

Crested Moss, free, 
(Crz'stata, or Crested 
Provence.) M. 



Crimson Bedder, 
dwf. H.R. 

Crimson Moss, free. 
M. 
- Crimson Perpetual. 

* Crimson Queen, 
vig. H.R. 



Crown Prince. H. 
R. 

*Danmark,vig. 
H.R. 

David Pradel, mod. 
T. 

Dean of Windsor, 
mod. H.R. 

De la Grifferaie, 
vig. Mult. 

Delille, mod. P.M. 

De Luxembourg, 
mod. or free. M. 

De Meaux. dwf. 
(Pompon.) M. 

Desprez, vig. N. 

Deuil de Paul Fon- 
taine, vig. M. 

Devienne Lamy, 
mod. H.R. 



Laffay. Deep pink, medium or large 
size, cup-form ; seven leaflets. A fine, 
distinct sort. 

Plantier, 1834. Rich, velvety crimson, 
double ; fine in the bud. A good bed- 
ding variety. 

Discovered on the wall of a convent near 
Fribourg, and sent out by Vibert, 1827. 
Deep, pink-colored buds, surrounded 
with a mossy fringe and crest ; free 
from mildew. A fragrant, very beauti- 
ful rose. 

Cranston, 1874. Belongs to Giant 0/ 
Battles type. Crimson. 

Lee. Crimson, semi-double ; poor. 

See Rose du Roi. 

W. Paul & Son, 1890. Very large, full ; 

of beautiful globular form ; velvety 

crimson, shaded with fiery red in the 

centre and with maroon on the outer 

petals. 
W. Paul & Son, 1880. Reddish-crimson, 

tinged with purple. 
W. Paul & Son, 1890. " Flowers large, a 

little deeper in color than La France , 

which it resembles." 
Pradel, 1851. Lilac-rose, large size. 

Turner, 1879. Vermilion, large, full 
flowers. 

1846. Lilac-rose. This variety makes a 
valuable stock on which to bud strong- 
growing kinds. 

Robert, 1852. Red, tinged with lilac, flat 
form, fragrant, not mossy. Of no value. 

Hardy. Crimson, not attractive. 

Found growing in a garden at Taunton, 
about 1825. Pink color, small, full 
flowers. 

Desprez, 1838. Rose, blended with cop- 
pery-yellow, highly scented. 

Fontaine, 1873. Red, shaded crimson, 
large, full ; not mossy ; worthless. 

Leveque, 1868. Carmine-red, well formed ; 
a good sort. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



251 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



275 



278. 
279. 

280. 

281. 
282. 

283. 

284. 
285. 

286. 
287. 



Devoniensis, 
or free. T. 



Diana. H.R. 
D i n g e e - Conard, 
mod. H.R. 

*Dinsmore, vig. 
H.R. 

Dr. Andry, free. H. 
R. 



Doctor Arnal, dwf. 
H.R. 

Doctor Berthet. T. 
Doctor Chalus, free. 
H.R. 

Doctor Henon, dwf. 
H.R. 



Doctor Hogg, free. 
H.R. 

Doctor Hooker,free, 
H.R. 



vig. 



Doctor Kane, 
or free. N. 

Doctor Marx, mod. 
H.R. 

* Dr. Pasteur, vig. 
H.T. 



289. Doctor Sewell, 
R. 



H. 



Foster, 1841. (Sent out by Lucombe, 
Pince & Co.) Raised from Yellow Tea. 
Creamy-white, centre sometimes tinged 
with blush, very large, almost full ; one 
of the most delightfully scented. Either 
this or the climbing variety should be 
in every collection ; though neither is 
very productive. 

W. Paul, 1874. Deep pink. 

E. Verdier, 1875. Violet - crimson, il- 
lumined with red, medium size, com- 
pact. 

Peter Henderson, 1887. Scarlet -crim- 
son, large, double, very fragrant, free 
bloomer. 

E. Verdier, 1864. Rosy -crimson, large, 
semi-cupped flowers, double, sometimes 
full, fades badly ; foliage large and 
glossy ; wood moderately smooth ; 
thorns large and red. A better rose in 
England than in this country. 

Roeser, 1848. Red-shaded with crimson ; 
medium or small size ; a free bloomer, 
subject to mildew. 

Pernet, 1878. Pale rose, deeper in centre. 

Touvais, 1871. Vermilion, shaded with 
crimson ; large, double or full, fragrant ; 
a good seed-bearer. 

Lille, 1855. White, centre shaded, me- 
dium size, full ; often malformed, and 
subject to mildew. Belongs to the old 
Portland group. 

Laxton, 1880. (Sent out by George Paul.) 
Deep violet-red, medium size. 

G. Paul, 1876. Raised from Duke 0/ 
Edinburgh. Crimson, with a shade of 
velvety purple. 

Pentland, 1856. Sulphur- yellow, large, 
fine flowers ; difficult to grow well. 

Laffay, 1842. Red, tinged with violet ; a 
bad shade. 

Moreau-Robert, 1887. Rosy -carmine, a 
fine clear shade; flowers globular, finely 
formed; free flowering; dark, rich foli- 
age. 

Turner, 1879. Bright crimson, tinged 
with purple, large, full. A good rose. 



252 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



290, 
291, 



295- 

296. 

297. 

298. 
299, 

300, 

301. 

302, 
303 
304 
305 
306 

307 
308 



Double Margined 
Hep, free. Dam. 
. Douglass, free. 
Beng. 

, Duarte d'Oliveira, 
vig. N. 

. Due d'Aumale, free. 
(General Due a" 
Aumale.) H.R. 

, Due de Cazes, free. 
H.R. 

, Due de Magenta, 
free. T. 

, Due de Montpen- 
sier, free. H.R. 
. Due de Rohan, free. 
H.R. 

. Ducher, free. Beng. 
. Duchesse de Cam- 
baceres, vig. H.R. 
Duchesse de Cay- 
lus, mod. H.R. 
Duchesse de Char- 
tres. H.R. 
Duchesse d'lstrie. 
mod. M. 
Duchesse de Morny 
vig. H.Ch. 
Duchesse d'Orleans 
free. H.R. 
Duchesse de Thu- 
ringe, free. B. 
Duchesse de Val- 
lombrosa, mod. H, 
R. 

Duchesse de Val- 
lombrosa. T. 
* Duchess of Al- 
bany, vig. H. T. 



White, tinged with pink, flat form, full ; 

good. 
V. Verdier, 1848. Crimson, medium size, 

double, fine in the bud. A valuable 

variety for house culture. 
Brassac, 1880. Raised from Ophirie X 

Reve d' Or. Salmon-rose, coppery at 

base, medium size, full. 
E. Verdier, 1875. Crimson; a good sort, 

not unlike Maurice Bernardin. 

Touvais, i860. Violet - crimson, not a 
pure shade ; double ; numerous stout 
thorns. 

Margottin, 1859. Flesh,shaded with fawn, 
thick petals, full. A large, good tea. 

Leveque, 1876. Red, shaded with crim- 
son ; a good sort. 

Leveque, 1861. Vermilion, large, well 
formed. 

Ducher, 1869. Pure white, well formed. 

Fontaine, 1854. Lilac-rose, impure color ; 
double. 

C. Verdier, 1864. Rosy -crimson, large, 
double. 

E. Verdier, 1875. Bright rose. 

Portemer, 1857. Rose color, not valuable. 

E. Verdier, 1863. Bright rose ; erect 

growth ; mildew. 
Quetier, 1852. Blush, large, full; often 

opens badly, and is subject to mildew. 
Guillot pere, 1847. White, slightly tinged 

with lilac ; a free bloomer. 
Schwartz, 1875. Raised from Jules 

Margottin. Pink, generally opens 

badly ; not valuable. 
Nabonnand, 1879. Coppery-red, distinct. 

W. Paul & Son, 1888. A sport from the 
well-known and popular La France, 
While it resembles its parent in several 
respects, it is quite distinct in color, be- 
ing of a rich, deep, even pink tint, and 
the shape is more finished; it is equally 
vigorous, free blooming and fragrant. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 253 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



309. Duchess of Con. 
naught, dwf. H. T. 



%xo. Duchess of Bedford 
mod. H.R. 

311. Duchess of Edin 
burgh, mod. H.R. 

312. Duchess of Edin- 
burgh, mod. Beng. 



■xi-i. Duchess of Norfolk, 
free. H.R. 

314. Duchess of Suther- 
land, vig. H.R. 

315. Duchess of West- 
minster, mod. or 
dwf. H.T. 



qi6. Duke of Albany. 

317. Duke of Con- 
naught, mod. H.R. 



318. DukeofConnaught, 
dwf. or mod. H.T, 



Bennett, 1879. Raised from Pre ffi-$\ 
X Duchesse de Vallombrosa (hL.K.,) 
Silvery-rose; of large, globular form ; 
full highly scented. Resembles La 
France, but the flowers are more circu- 
lar, the foliage larger and better. It 
retains its globular form, the petals re- 
curving to a less extent ; but La France 
is, notwithstanding, much the better 
sort. ,„ . ... 

R. B. Postans, 1879. (Sent out by W. 
Paul & Son.) Belongs to the Victor 
Verdier type. Cherry-red ; very good. 
Dunand, 1874. (Given by the raiser to 
Schwartz, by him sold to Henry Ben- 
nett, who sent it out.) Belongs to Jules 
Margottin type. Pink, not valuable 
Nabonnand, 1874. (Sent out by Veitch.) 
Raised from Souvenir de Davtd 
cTA ngers. A Bengal with Tea blood. 
Crimson, turning lighter as the bud ex- 
pands; of good size, moderately lull 
Margottin, 1861. (Sent out by Wood.) 
Rosy-red, medium size, cup-shaped ; a 
shy bloomer, and not valuable 
Laffay, 1840. Rosy-pink, large, full; shy 

in autumn. . 

Bennett, 1879. Raised from President X 
Marquise de Castellane. Satiny- 
pink, shaded with rose, sometimes the 
color is carmine-rose ; large, full flowers, 
with a faint Tea odor. The flowers 
are apt to be irregular and not of good 
finish, the buds are generally good. 
Subject to mildew. 
W. Paul & Son, 1882. Crimson. 



G. Paul, 1875. Deep, velvety-crimson, 
with a fiery flush; medium size, lull, 
well formed; burns badly, very shy in 
autumn. In England this is one of the 
finest dark roses ; we have seen it in 
grand form at the raiser's, but it has no 
value for out-door culture in this coun- 

Be'nnett, 1879. Raised from President 
X Louis Van Houtte. Rosy-cnmson, 



254 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



319. Duke of Edinburgh, 
vig. H.R. 



320. Duke of Teck, vig. 
H.R. 



321. Duke of Wellington, 
mod. H.R. 

322. Dumnacus, mod, 
H.R. 

323. Dupe tit Thouars, 
vig. B. 

324. Dupuy Jamain,free. 
H.R. 



. Du Roi. 

325. Earl of Beacons- 
field, dwf. H.R. 

326. * Earl of Dufferin, 
vig. H.R. 



327. * Eclair, vig. H.R. 

328. Eclatante, free. M. 



large, full, well formed, good in bud, 
almost without fragrance ; the buds do 
not always open. A fine rose when 
well grown, but it will never be useful 
for ordinary cultivators. 

G. Paul, 1868. Raised from General 
Jacqueminot. Bright crimson, large, 
double flowers, little fragrance ; foliage 
large and attractive. Occasionally this 
is very fine early in the season, but the 
flowers lack substance and durability of 
color. It is more shy in the autumn 
than the parent ; not to be commended 
for general culture. 

G. Paul, 1880. Raised from Duke of 
Edinburgh. Very bright crimson ; not 
well tested in this country; we were 
much pleased with it as seen at Ches- 
hunt. 

Granger, 1864. Red, shaded with crim- 
son. 

Moreau-Robert, 1880. Raised from Coun- 
tess 0/ Oxford. Carmine-red. 

Portemer, 1844. Raised from Emile 
Courtier. Deep red, shaded with crim- 
son ; hardy, non-autumnal. 

Jamain, 1868. Cherry-red, with a shade 
of crimson ; large, double, well formed, 
fragrant; a good seed -bearer. Were 
this more full, it would be a rose of the 
first rank. 

See Rose du Roi. 

Christy, 1880. (Sent out by G. Paul.) 
Cherry- rose, medium size, beautiful 
form. 

A. Dickson & Sons, 1887. Rich brilliant 
velvety-crimson, shaded with dark ma- 
roon; large, full, finely formed; delight- 
ful fragrance. A vigorous grower. 

Lacharme, 1883. Fiery red, large, hand- 
some, in the way of Charles Lefebvre.- 

Cherry -rose, buds of good form, well 
mossed ; darker than the Common or 
Prolific, one of the best. Why this 
rose has passed out of cultivation we 
do not know ; there are but three in 
the class as good. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



255 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



329. * Edith Gifford, vig. 
T. 

330. Edmund Wood, 
mod. H.R. 

331. Edward Andre, free. 
H.R. 

332. Edward Desfosses, 
free. B. 

333. Edward Dufour, 
free. H.R. 

334. Edward Jesse, free. 
H.R. 

335. Edward Morren, 
vig. H.R. 



336. Edward Pynaert, 
free. H.R. 



337. Egeria, dwf . or mod. 
H.R. 



338. Elie Morel, mod 
H.R. 



339. Elise Flory, mod 
Beng. 

340. * Elise Fugier, vig 
T. 



341. Elise Sauvage, dwf. 
(V enfant trouve.) 
T. 

342. Elise Boelle, mod 
or dwf. H.N. 



Guillot fils, 1882. Large and full, flesh 
color ; centre salmon-rose changing to 
white. 

E. Verdier, 1875. Red, flowering in 
corymbs ; short, reddish wood. 

E. Verdier, 1879. Red, tinged with pur- 
ple. 

Renard-Courtier, 1840. Carmine - rose, 
medium size, double, or nearly full, 
fragrant. An excellent rose. 

Leveque, 1877. Raised from Annie 
Wood. Crimson, tinged with purple. 

Deep rose, small, double. 

Granger, 1868. (Sent out by Charles Lee.) 
Raised from Jules Margottin. Deep 
cherry -rose, large, flat flowers, very 
full ; sometimes comes with a green 
centre. A fine sort when well grown. 

Schwartz, 1877. Raised from Antoine 
Ducker. Red, shaded with crimson- 
purple, a bad color ; medium or small 
size, fragrant. 

Schwartz, 1878. (Sent out by Bennett.) 
Raised from Jules Margottin. Salmon- 
pink, a very lovely shade ; medium size, 
full, semi-globular ; not of good consti- 
tution. For experienced cultivators 
this is a superb sort. 

Boucharlat, 1867. (Sent out by Liabaud.) 
Lilac-rose, full, fragrant ; green wood, 
with occasional red spines ; the char- 
acter of its growth is not pleasing. Shy 
in autumn. 

Guillot pere, 1852. Shaded rose. 

Bonnaire, 1890. Seedling of Niphetos, 
described as resembling it in form of 
bud, but of better habit ; color rich 
creamy-white. 

Miellez, 1818. Orange - yellow, medium 
size, full. 

Guillot pere, 1869. White, delicately 
tinged with pink, medium size, full, 
beautiful circular form ; light green 
wood, armed with numerous small 
spines. A lovely rose. 



256 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



343. Elizabeth Vigneron, 
free. H.R. 



344. Emile Courtier, 
free. B. 

345. Emilia P 1 a n t i e r . 
free. H.N. 

346. Emilie Hausburgh 
free. H.Ch. 



347. Emily Laxton. 
R. 



H 



348. Empereur de Ma 
roc, mod. H.R. 

349. Empereur de Bresil 
H.R. 

350. Empress of India 
free. H.R. 



35i 



354 



* Ernest Metz, vig. 

T. 

Ernest Prince. H. 
R. 

Etienne Dupuy,vig. 
H.Ch. 

Etienne Levet,mod. 
H.R. 



355. Etna, mod. M. 

356. Etoile de Lyon. T. 

357. * Etoile d'Or, dwf. 
Pol. 



Vigneron, 1865. (Sent out by W. Paul.) 
Raised from Duchess of Sutherland. 
Bright pink, fragrant ; an inferior Miss 
Has sard. 

Portemer. Bright red, a good seed- 
bearer. 

Schwartz, 1878. Yellowish -white, semi- 
double, sometimes double, ill formed ; 
utterly worthless. 

Leveque, 1868. Lilac-rose, a muddy 
shade ; large, full, globular form, fra- 
grant. Its bad color destroys its use- 
fulness. 

Laxton, 1877. (Sent out by G. Paul.) 
Belongs to Jules Margottin type. 
Cherry-rose, good in the bud. 

Guinoiseau, 1858. (Sent out by E. Ver- 
dier.) Belongs to Giant of Battles 
type. Crimson, tinged with purple. 

Soupert et Notting, 1880. Magenta-red. 

Laxton, 1876. (Sent out by G. Paul.) 
Raised from Triomphe des Beaux 
A rts. Brownish - crimson, medium 
size, globular, fragrant ; dark green 
foliage, spines light colored. Many of 
the buds do not open well, and it is shy 
in the autumn ; a splendid sort when 
perfect. 

Guillot, 1888. Large, full, finely formed; 
soft carmine-rose; bud long, handsome. 

Ducher & Soeur, 1881. Raised from An- 
toine Ducher. Red, shaded in centre. 

Leyet, 1873. Light rose color, medium 
size, cupped shape ; thick shoots, nearly 
smooth ; tough foliage. 

Levet, 1871. Raised from Victor Ver- 
dier. Carmine-red ; one of the finest 
in the type. 

Laffay, 1845. Crimson, tinged with pur- 
ple. Not of first rank. 

Guillot, 1881. Deep yellow ; a rival for 
Perle des Jar dins. 

Dubreuil, 1889. Flowers medium size, 
citron -yellow in color in the centre, 
shading to pale chrome -yellow, very 
free flowering and pretty. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



257 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



358. Eugene Appert, 
dwf. or mod. H.R. 



359. Eugene Beauhar 
nais, mod. Beng. 

360. Eugenie Guinoi 
seau, mod. M. 

361. Eugene Pirolle, vig. 
(A dmiral Rigney.) 
N. 

362. Eugenie Verdier, 
dwf. H.R. 



363. Eveque de Nimes 
mod. H.R. 

364. Exposition de Brie. 
H.R. 

365. * E. Y. Teas, mod. 
or dwf. H.R. 

366. Fabvier. Beng. 

367. Fe'licien David. H. 
R. 

368. Felicite Perpetuelle, 
vig. Ev. 

369. Felix Genero. H.R. 

370. Fellemberg, vig. N. 

371. Fer din and Chaf- 
folte. H.R. 

372. Ferdinand de Les- 
seps, free. H.R. 

373. Firebrand, dwf. H. 
R. 



374. Fisher Holmes, free. 
H.R. 



375. Flag of the Union, 
T. 



17 



Trouillard, 1859. Belongs to Giant of 
Battles type. Velvety-maroon, shaded 
with deep crimson. A rope of superb 
color, but with all the family failings. 

Moreau, 1865. Crimson, a good sort, 
but inferior to Agrippina. 

Guinoiseau, 1865. Red, shaded with vio- 
let ; very subject to mildew ; poor. 

Red, tinged with crimson; nearly 
hardy ; not of high quality. 

Guillot fils, 1869. Raised from Victor 
Verdier. Silvery -pink, tinged with 
fawn ; a lovely shade ; fine in the bud. 
One of the best of the type. 

Damaizin, 1856. Raised from Giant of 
Battles. Crimson, illumined with fiery 
red ; very tender and delicate. 

Granger, 1865. The same as Maurice 
Bernardin. 

E. Verdier, 1874. Carmine-crimson, high- 
ly scented. 

Laffay. Rosy-crimson, semi-double. 

E. Verdier, 1872. Deep rose, tinged with 
purple. 

Jacques, 1828. Creamy-white, small, full. 
Must be sparingly pruned. 

Damaizin, 1866. Violet-rose. 

Rosy-crimson. Like Eugene Pirolle. 

Pernet, 1879. Reddish- crimson, round 
formed, without fragrance ; does not 
seem an addition of merit. 

E. Verdier, 1869. See Maurice Bernar- 
din. 

Labruyere, 1873. (Sent out by W. Paul.) 
Crimson, medium size, double, good, 
circular form, cup-shaped, fragrant; 
shy in autumn. Not unlike Andre 
Leroy. 

E. Verdier, 1865. May be briefly de- 
scribed as an improved General Jac- 
queminot ; the flowers are fuller and 
more freely produced. A very valua- 
ble sort. 

Described b y Hallock & Thorpe as " a 
sport from Bon Silene, being a fac- 
simile of the parent in habit of growth 



258 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



376. 

377. 

378. 

379- 
380. 

381. 

382. 
383. 

384. 
385. 

386. 
3S7. 
388. 
389- 
39°- 
39 1 - 



Flavescens, mod 
(Yellow Tea.) T. 



Flora Nabonnand, 
mod. T. 

Fontenelle, mod. 
M. 

Fontenelle. H.R. 

Fortunei, vig. Bk. 

Fortune's Double 
Yellow, vig. Bk. 

* Francisca Kruger, 
vig. T. 

F r a n 9 o i s Arago, 
mod. H.R. 



Francois C o u r t i n, 
free. H.R. 

Frangois Fontaine, 
mod. H.R. 

Francois Gaulain. 
H.R. 

Francois Herincq. 
H.R. 

Francois Lacharme, 
free. H.R. 

Francois Louvat. 
H.R. 

Francois Levet. H. 
R. 

Francois Michelon, 
free. H.R. 



and freedom of bloom ; the flowers are 
equal in size to Bon Silene. The 
markings are not quite so distinct as in 
American Banner, i.e., the predomi- 
nant color is rose instead of white, but 
each flower is regularly marked ; it is a 
very pleasing variety." 

Introduced from China about 1824. Light 
yellow, long, fine buds, fragrant. This 
has been the parent of many of our 
finest yellow Teas. 

Nabonnand, 1877. Canary-yellow, edged 
with rose. 

Vibert, 1849. Rose color, not mossy ; 
poor. 

Moreau-Robert. 1877. Carmine-red. 

Introduced by Fortune, from China, in 
1850. Blush-white. 

Introduced by Fortune, from China, in 
1845. Bronzed yellow. 

Nabonnand, 1879. Coppery - yellow ; 
shaded with peach, large and full. 

Trouillard, 1859. Belongs to Giant of 
Battles type. Velvety -maroon, illu- 
mined with fiery red. Resembles Lord 
Raglan. 

E. Verdier, 1873. Cherry -red, shaded 
with crimson, semi-giobular, full, some- 
what fragrant ; thorns yellowish-red. 

C. Fontaine, 1867. Rosy -crimson, fine, 
globular form, in the style of Senatcur 
Vaisse. 

Schwartz, 1878. Deep purplish-crimson. 

E. Verdier, 1878. Red, globular form. 

V. Verdier, 1861. Rosy-carmine, tinged 

with deep violet-red. 
Violet-red, globular form. 

A. Levet, 1880. Cherry-rose, medium 
size; style of Paul Verdier. 

Levet, 1871. Raised from L a Reine. 
Deep rose, tinged with lilac, very large, 
full, of fine globular form ; fragrant, 
free-blooming. The wood and foliage 
are light green, erect habit, thorns not 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



259 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



392. Francois Premier, 
mod. H.R. 

393. Francois Treyve. 
H.R. 

394. Gabriel Tournier, 
free. H.R. 

395. Gaston LeVeque, 
free or mod. H.R. 

396. Gem of the Prairies, 
free. P. 



General Due d'Au- 

male. 

397. General Jacquemi- 
not, vig. H.Ch. 

398. General Jacquemi- 
not, vig. H.R. 



399. * General Mertchan 
sky, vig. T. 

400. General Simpson 
free. H.R. 

401. General Tartas,free 
T. 

402. General Von Molt- 
ke, mod. H.R. 

403. General Washing- 
ton, mod. H.R. 



404. Genie de Chateau- 
briand, free or mod 
H.R. 



numerous, wood long-jointed, the foli- 
age somewhat crimpled. A very dis- 
tinct choice sort ; excelling in June and 
July, when other kinds are past their 
prime, and also in the autumn. 

Trouillard, 1858. Red, shaded with crim- 
son. 

Liabaud, 1866. Fiery red, globular form. 

Levet, 1876. In habit like Pceonia. 

Rosy -red, large, globular flowers, free 

in autumn. 
Ldveque, 1878. _ Bright rosy -crimson, 

large, full ; spines of yellowish-green ; 

C. Margottin style. 
A. Burgess, 1865. Believed to be from 

Queen of the Prairies X Madame 

Laffay. Rosy-red. Occasionally 

blotched with white ; large, flat flowers, 

slightly fragrant. 
See Due d'Aumale. 



Laffay, 



Purple -crimson. 



Rouselet, 1853. A probable seedling from 
the old Hybrid China Gloire des Roso- 
manes. Brilliant crimson, not full, but 
large and extremely effective ; fra- 
grant, and of excellent, hardy habit. 

Nabonnand, 1890. Large, good form ; 
rosy blush ; fragrant and pretty. 

Ducher, 1855. Cherry-rose, medium size, 
pretty form ; erect growth, tender. 

Bernede. Deep, mottled rose, sometimes 
tinged with buff ; beautiful buds, good 
habit. An excellent rose. 

Bell & Son, 1873. Raised from Charles 
Lefebvre. Same style as the parent, 
but much inferior to it. 

Granger, 1861. Raised from Triomfihe 
de V Exposition. Red, shaded with 
crimson, large, very full, flat form ; the 
flowers are often malformed, greatly 
lessening its value. A profuse bloomer, 
and when in perfection, a very fine sort. 

Oudin. Violet-rose, very large, full, flat, 
or quartered shape. A bad-colored rose. 



260 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



405. George Baker. H. 
R. 

406. George Moreau, 
vig. H.R. 



407. George Peabody, 
mod. B. 



408. * George Pernet, 
free. Pol. 

409. George Prince, free 
or vig. H.R. 

410. George the Fourth, 
vig. H.Ch. 

411. George Vibert, free. 
Prov. 

412. Gerard Desbois, vig. 
T. 

413. Giant of Battles, 
dwf. (Ge'ant des 
Battailles.) H.R. 



414. Gigantesque, free, 
T. 

415. * Gloire Lyonnaise 
vig. H.R. 

416. Gloire de Bordeaux 
vig.. Cl.T. 

417. Gloire de Bourg-la 
Reine, mod. H.R. 

418. Gloire de Dijon, vig 
Cl.T. 



G. Paul, 1881. "Pure lake, shaded with 
cerise, almost mildew proof ; in the way 
of Dupny Jamain, but distinct." 

Moreau-Robert, 1880. Raised tromPaul 
Neyron. Bright red, shaded with 
vermilion, very large, full, opening 
well. 

J. Pentland, 1857. Probably from Paul 
Joseph. Rosy-crimson, medium or small 
size, full, well formed, fragrant. One of 
the best Bourbons, highly commended. 

Jos. Pernet, 1887. Flowers medium ; 
silvery -yellow, changing to peach ; an 
abundant bloomer. 

E. Verdier, 1864. Rosy- crimson, quite 
smooth wood ; a free blooming, excel- 
lent rose. 

Rivers. Crimson, semi-double or double ; 
no longer of any value. 

Robert, 1853. Rosy-purple, striped with 
white, medium size. 

Bright red, of good form ; one of the har- 
diest and most useful in the class. 

Nerard, 1846. (Sent out by Guillot pere.) 
Deep, fiery crimson, very brilliant and 
rich when first opening, but quickly 
fades, medium or small size, full, well 
formed, handsome, Bourbon-like foli- 
age, very liable to mildew. This va- 
riety and all of its type are of delicate 
constitutions. 

Odier, 1845. Deep rose, sometimes mot- 
tled ; often fine but apt to come mal- 
formed or somewhat coarse. 

Guillot fils, 1885. White, tinted yellow ; 
large, moderately full ; resembles a Tea 
rose in form and fragrance. 

Lartoy, 1861. Raised from Gloire de Di- 
jon. Rose color, tinged with fawn. 

Margottin, 1879. Vivid red, double. 

Jacotot, 1853. 1° color a combination of 
rose, salmon and yellow ; flowers very 
large, very full, good globular form ; 
the outer petals inclined to fade. A 
very useful rose, probably the hardiest 
of the Teas. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



261 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



419. Gloire de Ducher, 
vig. H.R. 

Gloire de Paris. H, 

R. 

420. * Gloire de Margot- 
tin, vig. H.R. 



421. * Gloire des Cuivres 
vig. T. 

422. * Gloire des Polyan 
tha, dwf. Pol. 

423. Gloire des Roso- 
manes, free. B. 

424. Gloire de Santenay, 
free or mod. H.R. 

425. Gloire de Vitry, 
free. H.R. 

426. Glory of Cheshunt, 
vig. H.R. 

427. Glory of Mosses, 
mod. M. 

428. Glory of Waltham. 
H.Cl. 

429. * Gold of Ophir. 

430. * Golden Gate, vig. 
T. 



431. Goubault, free or 
mod. T. 

432. * Grace Darling, vig. 
T. 

433. Gracilis, free. {Pro- 
lific.) M. 

434. Great Western, free. 
H.Ch. 



Ducher, 1865. Crimson-purple, large,very 
full, subject to mildew. If the color were 
permanent, this would be a good kind. 

A deceit, Sent out as a new sort ; it is 
but A nne de Diesbach. 

Margottin, 1887. Brilliant scarlet ; large, 
semi-double, globular, of good shape, 
elongated bud ; fragrant ; vigorous and 
free flowering. Probably the brightest 
rose yet raised. 

Tesnier, 1889. Large, full, salmon-rose, 
tinted with canary gold ; fragrant and 
a free bloomer. 

Guillot, 1887. Bright rose with white cen- 
tre ; full, nicely formed. Abundant 
bloomer. 

Vibert. Brilliant crimson, semi-double. 

Ducher, 1859. Raised from General 
Jacqueminot. Crimson tinged with 
violet ; out of date. 

Masson, 1855. Raised from La Reine. 
Bright rose. 

G. Paul, 1880. Raised from Charles Le- 
febvre. Rich crimson, double, very 
effective. 

Vibert, 1852. Pale rose, very large, full, 
flat form ; not attractive in the bud ; 
the foliage is very large. 

Vigneron, 1865. (Sent out by W. Paul.) 
Crimson, double, fragrant. 

See Ophirie. 

Dingee & Conard Co., 1891. Large, 
double ; bud long and pointed ; creamy- 
white, base of petals golden - yellow ; 
free bloomer. 

Goubault, 1843. Rose, tinged with sal- 
mon ; resembles Bon Silene, but in- 
ferior to it. 

Bennett, 1884. Large and full, creamy- 
white, tinted with peach ; free flower- 
ing ; distinct. 

Deep pink buds, surrounded with delicate 
fringe like moss. The most beautiful 
of all the moss roses. 

Laffay. Red, shaded with crimson, 
double, fragrant ; poor. 



262 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



435. Greville, vig. (Sev- 
en Sisters.) Mult. 

436. Guillaume Gille- 
mont. H.R. 

437. * Gustave Piganeau, 
vig. H.R. 

438. Gustave Thierry. 
H.R. 

439. Harrison Weir, free 
or mod. H.R. 

440. Harrison's Yellow, 
free. A . 



441. Helen Paul. H.R. 



442. Helvetia. T. 

443. * Heinrich Schul 
theis, vig. H.R. 



444. Henri Lecoq, dwf. 
T. 

445. Henri Ledechaux, 
dwf. H.R. 

446. Henri Martin. M. 

447. Henry Bennett, 
mod. H.R. 



448. Hermosa, mod. (A r- 
mosa or Setina.) B. 

449. Hippolyte Jamain, 
mod. H.R. 



Blush, tinged and striped with various 

shades, small or medium size ; a tender 

variety of no value. 
Schwartz, 1880. Raised from Madame 

Charles Wood. Rosy-carmine. 
Pernet fils, 1890. Very large, equalling 

Paul Neyron in size ; full and cupped ; 

brilliant carmine- lake ; buds long. 
Oger, 1880. Cherry-red. 

Turner, 1879. Raised from Charles Le- 
febvre X Xavier Olibo. Velvety-crim- 
son, brightened with scarlet. 

Harrison, 1830. Golden-yellow, medium 
size, semi-double ; generally has nine 
leaflets, a freer bloomer than Persian 
Yellow. This is believed to be a hy- 
brid between the common Austrian and 
a Scotch rose. 

Lacharme, 1881. Raised from Victor 
Verdier X Sombreuil. White, some- 
times shaded with pink ; large, globu- 
lar flowers. 

Ducher, 1873. Pink, tinged with fawn. 

Bennett, 1882. From Mabel Morrison 
and E. Y. Teas. Large ; good form, 
and very full ; color pinkish-rose, sweet- 
scented ; free blooming. 

Ducher, 1871. Rosy-flesh, small, beauti- 
ful buds ; delicate habit. 

Ledechaux, 1868. Belongs to Victor 
Verdier type. Carmine-rose. 

Portemer, 1862. Red, not valuable. 

Lacharme, 1875. Raised from Charles 
Lefebvre. Crimson, medium size, 
mildews, and burns badly ; shy in au- 
tumn, and of no value. 

Marcheseau, 1840. Bright rose, medium 
or small size, double ; constantly in 
flower, bushy habit. 

Lacharme, 1874. Belongs to Victor Ver- 
dier type. Carmine-red, well built 
flowers ; the foliage when young has 
a deeper shade of red than is seen in 
any other sort, and is also the hand- 
somest. We find this the hardiest of 
the type. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



263 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



450. Homer, vig. T. 



451. Hon. George Ban- 
croft, dwf. or mod, 
H.T. 



452. Horace Vernet, dwf, 
or mod. H.R. 



453. Hortensia, free. T. 

454. * Hugh, mod. T. 

455. Hymenee, mod. T. 

456. Ida, mod. T. 

457. Imperatrice E u g e- 
nie, free. Beng. 



458. Innocente Pirola 
mod. T. 



459. Isabella (Bella) 
mod. or free. T. 

460. Isabella Gray, free 

N. 

461. Isabella Sprunt 
free. T. 



Moreau-Robert, 1859. Salmon-rose, often 
richly mottled ; a free bloomer, moder- 
ately hardy, best in the open air ; the 
buds are very beautiful, even though 
of variable shades. Certainly one of 
the most useful tea roses. 

Bennett, 1879. From Madame de St. 
Joseph X Lord Macaulay, Red, 
shaded with violet-crimson, large, full 
flowers, and good, pointed buds ; often 
comes malformed ; highly scented, a 
combination of the perfumes found in 
the parent varieties ; the wood is nearly 
smooth, the foliage is large, dark, and 
handsome. The color is not deep 
enough, and is too sullied to make this 
of value for winter-forcing. 

Guillot fils, 1866. Crimson, illumined 
with scarlet, large, double ; of beauti- 
ful wavy outline ; nearly smooth wood, 
of delicate constitution. Few roses 
have such lovely form as this. 

Ducher. 1871. Rose color, back of petals 
a washed-out pink ; a coarse, poor sort. 

Moore, 1892. See Bridesmaid. 

Laffay. Pale sulphur-yellow, large, full. 

Madame Ducher, 1875. Pale yellow, 
double. 

Beluze, 1855. Silvery-rose, medium size, 
full, fragrant; a good variety, and would 
be very useful had we not La France. 
Subject to mildew: shows Bourbon 
character. 

Madame Ducher, 1878. Clouded white, 
medium size, full, well-formed buds. 
In the style of Niphetos, but is inferior 
to it in all respects save mere vigor of 
growth. 

Cels, 1838. Creamy-white ; once a popu- 
lar sort. 

Andrew Gray, 1854. Raised from Cloth 
of Gold. Golden-yellow ; has the good 
and bad qualities of the parent. 

Rev. James M. Sprunt, D.D., 1865. 
(Sent out by Isaac Buchanan.) A sport 
from Safrano. Sulphur -yellow, very 
beautiful in the bud. Well known as 
one of the most useful kinds. 



264 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



462. Jacques Lafitte 
free. H.R. 

463. James Sprunt, vig. 
Beng. 



464. James Veitch, dwf. 
P.M. 



Jaune Desprez. N. 

465. * Jaune Nabonnand, 
vig. T. 

466. Jaune d'Or, dwf. 
T. 



467. * J. B. 
vig. T. 



Varonne, 



468. Jean Bodin, free. 
M. 

469. Jean Brosse, mod. 
H.R. 

470. Jean Cherpin, free. 
H.R. 



471. Jean Dalmais, mod. 
H.R. 

472. Jean Ducher, free 
or mod. T. 



473. Jean Goujon, vig. 
H.Ch. 

474. Jean Hardy. N. 

475. Jean Lambert, vig. 
H.R. 



Vibert, 1846. Rosy-crimson. 

Rev. James Sprunt, 1858. (Sent out by 
P. Henderson.) A climbing sport from 
Agrippina. Crimson, the same color 
as the parent sort, but the flowers are 
fuller and larger. It is not so free 
flowering as Agrippina, but a desirable 
rose. 

E. Verdier, 1865. Violet- crimson, a sul- 
lied color, medium or large size, poor 
shape ; blooms freely, very subject to 
mildew. 

See Desprez. 

Nabonnand, 1890. Large, full ; chrome- 
yellow, with coppery-rose centre ; free 
bloomer and very fragrant. 

Oger, 1864. Coppery - yellow, medium 
size, full, very delicate habit. One of 
the sweetest in the class. 

Guillot fils, 1890. Flowers large, full, 
varying from deep rose to bright car- 
mine ; base of petals coppery- yellow, 
very sweet ; buds long, finely shaped: 
growth vigorous ; handsome foliage and 
free blooming. 

Vibert, 1847. Light rose, quartered 
shape, fragrant, not mossy. 

Ducher, 1867. Rose color, medium size, 
cup form. 

Liabaud, 1865. Plum color, double, often 
semi-double, inclined to burn ; fragrant 
and a fine seed parent. One of the 
richest shades of color yet produced. 

Ducher, 1873. Rose, tinged with violet, 
globular, fragrant. 

Madame Ducher, 1874. Bronzed - rose, 
large, very full globular form ; not to 
be depended on, but very beautiful 
when well grown. 

Margottin, 1862. Red, large or very 
large, full, nearly smooth wood ; of sec- 
ond quality. 

Hardy, 1859. Golden -yellow, medium 
size, full ; an inferior Isabella Gray. 

E. Verdier, 1866. Deep red, very large, 
full, flat form. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



265 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



476. Tean Liabaud, free. 
H.R. 



477. Jean Lorthois, free 
or vig. T. 

478. Tean Monford, vig. 
M. 

479. Jean Pernet, free. 
T. 



480. Jean Sisley, mod. 
H.T. 



481. Jean Soupert, mod 
or free. H.R. 



482. * Jeanne Cuvier, 
vig. T. 

483. Jeanne d'Arc, vig, 
N. 

484. * Jeannie Dickson, 
vig. H.R. 



485. Joasine Hanet, vig, 
H.R. 



486. John Bright, mod, 
H.R. 



Liabaud, 1875. A seedling from Baron 
de Bonstetten. Crimson-maroon, illu- 
mined with scarlet, large, full, fragrant; 
a lovely rose, but shy in the autumn. 

Madame Ducher, 187^9. Rose, reverse of 
the petals silvery-pink. 

Robert, 1852. Rose color, quite pretty in 
bud, subject to mildew, not free. 

Pernet, 1867. Light yellow, suffused 
with salmon, beautiful buds ; a fine tea, 
but is now surpassed by Perle des 
Jar dins. 

Bennett, 1879. Raised from President X 
Emilie Hausburgh. Lilac-rose, large, 
very full, without fragrance ; very sub- 
ject to mildew. The color is bad, and 
the buds rarely open well ; it is entirely 
worthless. 

Lacharme, 1875. Crimson-maroon, in the 
way of Jean Liabaud; dark green fo- 
liage, with many thorns; not free in 
the autumn. 

Nabonnand, 1888. Long, pointed bud ; 
rich deep pink ; said to force well ; 
promising. 

V. Verdier, 1848. White, an inferior La- 
marque. 

A. Dickson & Sons, 1890. One of Dick- 
son's new Pedigree Seedling Roses, and 
described as follows: Color rosy-pink, 
entire margin of petals edged with sil- 
very-pink, base of petals having a pale 
yellow zone. The flowers are large, 
full, with a very high centre which 
stands up prominently. Petalsof great 
substance, large and smooth. The 
growth is vigorous. In this variety we 
add to the Hybrid Perpetual section 
quite a new shade of color. 

Belongs to the old Portland group. Deep 
rose, tinged with violet, medium size, 
full, quartered shape ; fragrant, very 
hardy, a profuse bloomer. The color 
and form are bad, and destroy its use- 
fulness. 

G. Paul, 1878. Bright crimson, medium 
size. 



2 66 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



487. John Cranston. M. 

488. John Hopper, free. 
H.R. 



489. John Keynes, free. 
H.R. 

490. John Saul, free. H. 
R. 

491. John Stuart Mill, 
free. H.R. 



492. Joseph Bernacchi, 
vig. N. 

493. Jules Chretien,mod. 
H.R. 

404. Jules'Chretien, free. 
H.R. ' 

495. Jules Finger, free. 
T. 

496. Julesjurgensen. B. 
407. Jules Margottin, 

free. H.R. 



498. Julie Mansais, mod. 
T. 

499. Julie Touvais, mod. 
H.R. 

500. Julius Finger, mod. 
H.T. 



501. King of the Prai- 
ries, vig. P. 

502. King's Acre. H.R. 

503. * Kronprinces- 
sin Victoria, vig. B. 



E. Verdier, 1862. Violet-red, medium size. 

Ward, 1862. From Jules Margottin X 
Madame Vidot. Bright rose with car- 
mine centre, large and full, semi-globu- 
lar ; light red thorns, _ stout bushy- 
growth. A free blooming, standard 
sort. 

E. Verdier, 1865. Red shaded with ma- 
roon. 

Madame Ducher, 1878. Raised from 
Antoine Ducher. Red, back of the 
petals carmine, semi-globular. 

Turner, 1874. Raised from Beauty of 
Waltham. Rosy-crimson, large, full, 
or double ; does not bloom until late ; 
shy in the autumn. 

Madame Ducher, 1878. Yellowish-white, 
pale yellow at centre. 

Schwartz, 1878. Belongs to the Prince 
Camille type. Crimson, tinged with 
purple. 

Damaizin, 1870. Bright rose ; not valu- 
able. 

Madame Ducher, 1879. From Catherine 
Mermet X M a dame de Tart as. 
Bronzed-rose ; a promising sort. 

Schwartz, 1879. Magenta-rose. 

Margottin, 1853. Probably from La Peine. 
Carmine -rose, large, full, somewhat 
flat, slight fragrance; five to seven 
leaflets,"foliage light green, and some- 
what crimpled ; wood armed with dark 
red thorns ; free flowering and hardy. 

Creamy-white, sweet scented, beautiful ; 
delicate in habit. 

Touvais, 1868. Satiny- pink, very large, 
full ; fine, but unreliable. 

Lacharme, 1879. From Victor Verdier 
X Sombreuil. Salmon- pink, in the 
style of Captain Christy ; a promising 
sort. 

Feast, 1843. P a l e r°se. 

Cranston, 1864. Vermilion. 

Spaeth, 1887. A sport from Souvenir 

de la Malmaison ; flowers milk-white, 

tinted with sulphur-yellow. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



267 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



, La Brillante, 
H.R. 

La Fontaine, 
H.Ch. 

La France, 
H.T. 



mod. 



free 
mod 



507 



* La France of '89, 
vig. H.T. 

508. La Grandeur, free 
or vig. T. 

509. La Jonquille, mod. 
T. 

510. La Lune, mod. T. 



La Motte Sanguin, 
mod. H.R. 

La Nuancee, mod. 
T. 

La Princesse Vera, 
free. T. 

La Reine, free or 
vig. H.R. 



, La Rosiere, free. 
H.R. 



516. 



La Saumonee, vig. 
H.Cl. 



V. Verdier, 1862. Bright crimson, a clear 
shade, large, double, fragrant ; a free 
bloomer. 

Guinoiseau, 1855. Red, tinged with vio- 
let. 

Guillot fils, 1867. From seed of a Tea 
rose. Silvery- rose, changing to pink, 
very large, full, globular ; a most con- 
stant bloomer, and the sweetest of all 
roses. If the buds remain firm, by 
pressing gently the point and blowing 
into the centre, the flowers will almost 
invariably expand. An invaluable sort. 

Moreau-Robert, 1889. Flowers very large ; 
brilliant red, buds long. Very free 
flowering. 

Nabonnand, 1877. Violet- rose, very 
large, full. 

Ducher, 1871. Raised from La.7na.rque. 
Jonquil-yellow, semi-double, sometimes 
single ; medium or small size. 

Nabonnand, 1878. Creamy-yellow, 
deeper colored in centre, medium size, 
large petals, semi-double. 

Vigneron, 1869. Carmine-red, large or 
very large. 

Guillot fils, 1875. Blush, tinged with 
fawn, medium size, full. 

Nabonnand, 1878. Flesh, bordered with 
coppery -rose, full, well formed ; a dis- 
tinct, good sort. 

Laffay, 1839. Glossy -rose, large, full, 
semi-globular form, somewhat fragrant ; 
the foliage slightly crimpled, five to 
seven leaflets. A very hardy, useful 
rose, though no longer "the queen." 

Damaizin, 1874. Belongs to the Prince 
Camille type. Crimson ; the flowers 
are identical in color and form with 
Prince Camille, but seem a little fuller, 
and are more freely produced; the habit 
of growth ? too, seems somewhat 
stronger ; it may usurp the place of its 
rival. 

Margottin, 1877. Belongs to the Jules 
Margottin type. Salmon-rose, medium 
size; non-autumnal. 



268 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



517. La Souveraine, vig. 
H.R. 

518. La Sylphide, free. 

r. 

519. La Tulipe, mod. T. 

520. La Ville de Brux- 
elles, free. Dam. 

521. * Lady Arthur Hill, 
vig. H.R. 

522. * Lady Castlereagh, 
vig. T. 



523. Lady Emily Peel, 
mod. or free. H.N. 

524. Lady Ford wick, 
free. H.Ch. 

525. * Lady Helen Stew- 
art, vig. H.R. 

526. Lady Sheffield. H 
R. 

527. Lady Stuart, free, 
H.Ch. 

528. Lady Warrender, 
Beng. 

529. Laelia. H.R. 

530. Lamarque, vig. N. 



531. Lamarque a fleurs 
jaunes, free. .AT. 

532. Laneii. M. 



533. L'Ebloui ssante , 
mod. H.R. 



E. Verdier, 1874. Rose color, large 
flowers, semi-double or double, cupped 
form ; inferior. 

Laffay. Blush, with fawn centre, very 
large, double. 

Ducher, 1870. Creamy«white, tinted with 
carmine, semi-double. 

Vibert, 1836. Rose color, large, full, flat; 
branching habit. 

A. Dickson & Sons, 1890. Large, full, 
symmetrical; lilac -rose; distinct and 
fine. An abundant bloomer. 

A. Dickson & Sons, 1888. Large and full, 
soft rosy- yellow with rose color pre- 
dominating on the margins of the pet- 
als ; robust branching habit ; foliage 
handsome. 

Lacharme, 1862. From Blanche Lafitte 
X Sappho. White, tinged with blush. 

Laffay, 1838. Deep rose, cup-shaped. 

A. Dickson & Sons, 1887. Bright crimson- 
scarlet; large, full, and of perfect form, 
produced on long, stiff stems, highly 
perfumed ; distinct and fine. 

W. Paul & Son, 1881. Cherry-red. 

Portemer, 1852. Pink, changing to blush; 

five to seven leaflets. 
See Clara Sylvain. 

Crozy, 1857. See Louise Peyronny. 

Marechal, 1830. White, with sulphur 
centre, sometimes pure white, very 
large, full, somewhat fragrant, gener- 
ally seven leaflets. A superb climbing 
rose, quite too much neglected. 

Ducher, 1871. Pale yellow, medium size, 
in the style of the former sort, but in- 
ferior in all respects. 

Laffay, 1854. (Sent out by Lane & Son.) 
Red, good foliage, with five leaflets ; 
not subject to mildew. Propagates 
with great difficulty from cuttings. 

Touvais, 1861. Rosy-crimson, very large, 
double. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



269 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



free, 



534. L'Esperance, 
H.R. 

535. L' Enfant du Mont 
Carmel, vig. H.R. 



536. Le Havre, mod. H. 
R. 

537. Le Mont Blanc, 
mod. T. 



dwf. T. 

539. Le Pactole, dwf 
mod. T. 



540. Le Rh6ne, free or 
mod. H.R. 



Fontaine, 1871. Cherry- red, large, full, 
flat form, fragrant. 

Cherpin, 1851. (Sent out by Ducher.) 
Violet-rose, a muddy shade, large, full, 
flat form, fragrant, red spines ; inclined 
to mildew. 

Eude, 1871. Vermilion, beautifully 
formed. 

Ducher, 1869. Pale lemon-yellow, growing 
lighter as the flowers expand ; good in 
the bud. 
538. Le Nankin, mod. or Ducher, 1871. Pale yellow, shaded cop- 
pery-yellow, pretty in the bud state; 
rather delicate habit. 

Madame Pean. From Lamarque X 
Yellow Tea. Very pale yellow, beauti- 
ful buds. 

Guillot fils, 1862. Raised from General 
Jacqueminot. Vermilion, tinged with 
crimson, large, well formed. 

Blush, edged with lake. 



541. Leda. (Painted Da- 
mask.) Dam. 

542. Leon Renault, free 
or vig. H.R. 

543. Leopold Haus- 
burgh, free. H.R. 

544. Leopold Premier, 
free. H.R. 



545. Letty Coles, free. 
T. 

546. Leveson Gower, 
mod. B. 



547. Lion des Combats, 
free or mod. H.R. 

548. Little Gem, dwf, 
M. 

549. * Little Pet, vig. 
Pol. 

550. Lord Beaconsfield 
H.R. 

551. Lord Clyde, mod, 
H.R. 



Madame Ledechaux, 1878. Cherry-red, 
very large, full ; promises well. 

Granger, 1863. Belongs to Jacqueminot 
type. Deep violet-red, a bad color. 

Vanassche, 1863. Belongs to Jacquemi- 
not type. Deep red, shaded crimson, 
thorns not very numerous ; a good sort 
but not free in the autumn. 

Keynes, 1876. A sport from Madame 
Willermoz. White, with pink centre. 

Beluze, 1846. Deep rose, tinged with 
salmon, the flowers are of the same 
character as Malmaison ; mildews 
very badly. 

Lattay, 1851. Violet-rose, double, subject 
to mildew ; worthless. 

W. Paul, 1880. Crimson, very small, full; 
a miniature sort. 

Small white flowers ; very free flowering. 

Schwartz, 1878. (Sent out by Bennett.) 
Crimson, large, well formed ; fades 
badly. 

G. Paul. 1863. Rosy- crimson, large, 
double; subject to mildew. 



270 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



552. Lord Macau lay 
free or mod. H.R. 



553. Lord Palmerston, 
free. H.R. 



554. Lord Raglan, mod. 
H.R. 



555. Louis XIV., dwf, 
H.R. 

556. Louis Barlet, free, 
T. 

557. Louis Chaix, dwf. 
H.R. 

558. Louis Dore, mod. or 
free. H.R. 

359. Louis Philippe, mod. 
Beng. 

560. Louis Richard, free 
T. 

561. Louis Van Houtte, 
free. H.R. 

562. Louis Van Houtte, 
dwf. or mod. H.R 



563. Louis d'Arzens, 
mod. or free. H.N. 

564. Louise de Savoie, 
mod. T. 

565. Louise Odier, vig. 
B. 

566. Louise Peyronny, 
mod. (Lcelia.) H.R. 



1863. (Sent out by W. Paul.) Fiery 
crimson, much the color seen in Charles 
Lefebvre, large, double, well formed, 
fragrant ; this is still a good rose. 

Margottin, 1858. Carmine -red, tinged 
with vermilion, double, well formed ; 
bushy habit, light green wood and foli- 
age, a few light - colored spines. A 
good garden rose. 

Guillot pere, 1854. Raised from Giant 
of Battles. Burgundy-crimson, a 
lovely shade ; tender and shy in au- 
tumn. 

Guillot fils, 1859. Raised from General 
Jacqueminot. Rich crimson, double ; 
a beautiful shade. 

Madame Ducher, 1875. Pale yellow, 
tinged with fawn. 

Lacharme, 1857. Raised from Giant 0/ 
Battles. Crimson. 

Fontaine, 1878. Red, large, full; little 
or no fragrance, bushy growth ; free in 
autumn. 

Crimson ; an inferior Agrippina. 

Madame Ducher, 1877. Coppery-rose, 
the centre sometimes deep red ; coarse 
and poor. 

Granger, 1863. Red, tinged with crimson, 
reddish thorns ; not of first quality. 

Lacharme, 1869. Said to be from Charles 
Lefebvre. Crimson -maroon, medium 
size, sometimes large, full, semi-globu- 
lar form; large foliage, fewer thorns 
than most other dark roses, highly per- 
fumed. This is a tender sort, but it is 
very free blooming, and decidedly the 
finest crimson yet sent out. 

Lacharme, j86i. White, tinged with 
blush ; superseded by Coquette des 
Blanches. 

Ducher, 1855. Pale yellow, beautiful 
buds ; much like Le Pactole. 

Margottin, 1851. Bright rose, medium 
size, full, well formed, hardy. 

Lacharme, 1851. Raised from La Reine. 
Silvery-rose. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



271 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



567. * Luciole, vig. T. 



Lyonnaise, mod 
H.R. 



569. Ma Capucine, dwf. 
T. 



570. Mabel Morrison, 
mod. H.R. 



571. * Madame Baron 
Veillard, vig. B. 

572. Mme. Adelaide 
Cote. H.R. 

573. Mme. Alboni, dwf. 
M. 



574. Mme. Alexandre 
Bernaix, mod. H. T. 



575. Mme. Alfred Car- 
riere, free or vig. 
H.N. 

576. Mme. Alfred de 
Rougcmont, mod. 
H.N. 

577. Mme. Alice Dureau, 
free. H.R. 



Guillot, 1886. Carmine-rose, tinted with 
saffron-yellow ; base of petals coppery- 
yellow ; large, long, well-shaped bud, 
very fragrant. 

Lacharme, 1871. Belongs to the Victor 
Verdier type. Pink, with deeper cen- 
tre, fades quickly ; a coarse inferior 
sort. 

Levet, 1871. Raised from the Noisette 
Ophirie. Nasturtium -yellow, beauti- 
ful buds; a very distinct rose, which, 
from its delicate habit, is useless for 
ordinary cultivators to attempt grow- 
ing. 

Broughton, 1878. (Sent out by Bennett.) 
A sport from Baroness Rothschild. 
Flesh -white, changing to pure white, 
in the autumn it is sometimes tinged 
with pink ; semi-double, cup-shaped 
flowers. In all, save substance of petal 
and color, this variety is identical with 
the parent; though not so full as we 
should like, it is yet a very useful gar- 
den rose, and occasionally it is good 
enough for exhibition. 

Vigneron, 1889. Flowers large, full and 
cupped ; lilac-rose ; fragrant. 

Schmitt, 1881. " Reddish-crimson, in the 
style of Cardinal Patrizzi." 

V. Verdier, 1850. Pink, very large, very 
full, flat ; much like Glory 0/ Mosses, 
and like that kind, too full to be pretty 
in the bud state. 

Guillot fils, 1877. Salmon -rose, petals 
sometimes edged with blush ; has true 
Tea odor, though not strong. A prom- 
ising variety. 

Schwartz, 1879. White, not free bloom- 
ing, undesirable. 

Lacharme, 1862. Raised from Blanche 
Lafitte X Sappho. White, tinged with 
pink ; surpassed by Coquette des Blan- 
ches. 

Vigneron, 1868. Belongs to La Reine 
type. Rose color; much like the pa- 
rent, but more shy in the autumn. 



272 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



578. Mme. Alphonse La- 
vallee, mod. H.R. 

579. Mme. Amadieu. T. 

580. Mme. Amelie Bal- 
let. H.R. 

581. * Mme. A. Nabon- 
nand, vig. T. 

582. * Mme. Andre Du- 
ron, vig. H.T. 

583. Mme. Andre Leroy, 
vig. H.R. 

584. Mme. Angele Jac- 
quier, free or mod. 
T. 

585. Mme. Anna de Bes- 
obrasoff, mod. H.R. 

586. Mme. Anna de Bes- 
obrasoff, free. H.R. 

587. Mme. Auguste Per- 
rin, mod. H.N. 



588. Mme. Azelie Im- 
bert, free. T. 

589. Mme. Barillet Des- 
champs. T. 

590. Mme. Barthelemy 
Levet. T. 

591. Mme. Bellenden 
Ker, mod. H.N. 

592. Mme. Berard, vig. 
Cl.T. 



593. Mme. Bernard,mod. 
T. 

594. Mme. Bernutz, free. 
H.R. 

595. Mme. Boll, vig. H. 
R. 



E. Verdier, 1878. Carmine -red, in the 
style of Alfred Colomb ; a promising 
variety. 

Pernet, 1880. Bright rose, double, large. 

V. Verdier, 1878. Satiny - rose, well 
formed. 

Flowers pale flesh color ; bud large and 
long ; free flowering, distinct. 

Bonnaire, 1887. Flowers large, bright 
red, produced in great abundance. 

Trouillard, 1865. Salmon - rose, large, 
double. 

Guillot fils, 1879. Bright rose, base of 
petals coppery-yellow ; a good deal the 
build of Catherine Merniet. I am well 
pleased with the appearance of this kind. 

Nabonnand, 1877. Flesh color, the cen- 
tre shaded with rose, medium size. 

Gonod, 1877. Raised from Charles Le- 
febvre. Deep red, shaded with purple. 

Schwartz, 1878. Mottled pink, small or 
medium size, well formed ; a new color 
in this class. We are most favorably 
impressed with it. 

Levet, 1870. Raised from Mme. Falcot. 
Pale yellow. 

Bernede, 1855. White, centre creamy- 
yellow. 

Levet, 1879. Canary - yellow, medium 
size. 

Guillot pere, 1866. Belongs to Eliza 
Boelle type. White, centre blush ; very 
beautiful. 

Levet, 1870. Raised from Gloire de Dijon. 
Very similar to the parent; the flowers 
are somewhat less full, of a fresher 
shade, and are better in the bud state. 

Levet, 1875. Raised from Mme. Falcot. 
Coppery-yellow, medium sized, distinct. 

Jamain, 1874. Satiny -rose, very large, 
full. 

Daniel Boll, 1859. (Sent out by Boyeau.) 
Belongs to Baro7ine Prevost type. 
Carmine- rose ; a very effective garden 
sort; very stout shoots, five leaflets 
only, there are seven in Boieldieu, a 
kindred variety. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



273 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



506. Mme Boutin, mod. 
H.R. 

597. Mme. Bouton, dwf. 
M. 

598. Mme. Bravy, mod. 
or free. {Alba Ro- 
sea, Mme. Sertot.) 
T. 

599. Mme. Bremond, 
dwf. T. 

600. Mme. Bruel, mod. 
H.R. 

601. Mme. Bureau, mod. 
Beng. 

602. Mme. Caillat, free. 
H.R. 

603. Mme. Camille, vig. 
T. 

604. Mme. Caradori Al- 
lan, vig. P. 

605. Mme. Caro. T. 

606. Mme. Caroline Kus- 
ter, free. N. 



607. * Mme. Caroline 
Testout, vig. H.T. 

608. Celina Noirey, vig. 
T. 

609. Mme. Charles, free. 
T. 

610. Mme. Charles Crap- 
elet, vig. H.R. 

611. Mme. Charles Ver- 
dier, free or vig. H. 
R. 

612. Mme. Charles 
Wood, dwf. H.R, 



Jamain, 1861. Red, large, full ; a good 
garden rose. 

Deep rose, mildews badly ; resembles 
Oscar Le Clerc. 

Guillot, of Pont Cherin, 1848. (Sent out 
by Guillot of Lyons.) Creamy-white, 
large, full, of very symmetrical form and 
great fragrance ; one of the most beau- 
tiful and useful in the class. 

Guillot fils, 1866. Violet-red. 

Levet, 1881. Raised from Countess of 

Oxford. Carmine -rose. 
White, tinged with blush. 

E. Verdier, 1861. Cherry-rcse. 

Guillot fils, 1871. Mushroom color, large, 
coarse flowers ; not worthy of cultiva- 
tion. 

Feast, 1843. Bright pink, semi-double. 

Levet, 1880. Salmon-yellow, medium size. 

Pernet, 1873. Pale yellow, often mottled 
with rose ; a free blooming, excellent 
shrub rose, one of the best bedding 
kinds. 

Pernet, Ducher, 1890. Flowers large, very 
double ; silvery-rose ; free bloomer. 

Guillot fils, 1868. Salmon, the outer pet- 
als washed-out pink, very large, very 
full j a coarse flower, of dirty shade. 

Damaizin, 1864. Raised from Safrano. 
Apricot color; in the way of Mme. 
Falcot. 

Fontaine, 1859. Cherry-red, medium or 
large size, fragrant and good ; wood 
armed with numerous thorns. 

Lacharme, 1864. Belongs to the Baronne 
Prevost type. Rosy-vermilion, very 
large, a free bloomer. 

E. Verdier, 1861. Reddish-crimson, large, 
or very large, nearly full ; one of the 
freest flowering kinds, but not of first 
quality. Occasionally, as with General 
Washington, some first-rate blooms are 
produced. 



18 



274 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



613. Mme. Chate, mod. 
H.R. 

614. Mme. Chedane 
Guinoiseau, free. T. 

615. Mme. Chirard. H. 
R. 



616. Mme. Clemence 
Joigneaux,vig. H.R. 

617. Mme. Clert, mod. 
H.R. 

618. Mme. Crosy, free or 
vig. H.R. 

619. Mme. Cusin. T. 

620. Mme. Damaizin, 
free or vig. T. 

621. Mme. de Laboulaye, 
mod. or dwf. H.R. 



622. Mme. de Ridder, 
free or vig. H.R. 



623. Mme. de St. Joseph 
mod. T. 

624. Mme. de St. Pul- 
gent, free. H.R. 

625. Mme. de Tartas, 
mod. T. 

626. Mme. de Vatry, 
free. T. 

627. * Mme. de Watte 
ville, vig. T. 

628. Mme. Desire Gir- 
aud, vig. H.R. 



Fontaine, 1871. Cherry-red. 

Leveque, 1880. Canary-yellow, thought 
to be a valuable variety for the buds ; 
probably in the style of Isabella Sprunt. 

Pernet, 1867. Rose, tinged with -vermil- 
ion^ full, peculiar rich scent ; bushy 
habit, shy in autumn, many malformed 
flowers. 

Liabaud, 1861. Rose, tinged with lilac, 
double, large flowers. 

Gonod, 1868. Salmon-rose. 

Levet, 1881. Raised from Souvenir de la 
Reine d A ngleterre. Rose color, very 
large. 

Guillot fils, 1881. Violet -rose, tinged 
with yellow. 

Damaizin, 1858. Creamy-white, shaded 
salmon, very large, double ; not well 
formed. 

Liabaud, 1877. Rosy -pink, somewhat 
fragrant, bushy habit, long, rather 
small foliage, wood thickly covered 
with dark brown thorns ; not very 
promising. 

Margottin, 1871. Red, shaded with vio- 
let-crimson, large, full, fine globular 
form ; green wood and thorns. A dis- 
tinct sort ? fragrant and beautiful, but 
fades easily. 

Fawn, shaded salmon, large, full, highly 
scented ; not well formed. 

Gautreau, 1871. Raised from Catherine 
Guillot. Rosy-vermilion tinged with 
lilac, large, globular ; well formed. 

Bernede. Rose color, double. 

Red, shaded with salmon, of good form, 
both in bud and flower, and well 
scented ; a very choice old sort. 

Guillot fils, 1884. Salmon -white, each 
petal bordered with bright rose like a 
tulip ; buds long, fragrant. 

Madame Giraud, 1853. (Sent out by 
Van Houtte.) A sport from Baronne 
Prevost. Blush - white, striped with 
deep rose. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



275 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



629. Mme. Devaucoux, 
free. T. 

630. Mme. Devert,mod. 
or dwf. H.R. 

631. Mme. Domage,free. 
H.R. 

632. Mme. Ducher, mod. 
H.R. 

633. Mme. Ducher, free. 
T. 

634. Mme. Edward Ory, 
mod. P.M. 



635. * Mme. Elie Lam- 
bert, vig. T. 



636. Mme. Elise Stche- 
goleff. r. 

637. Mme. Emilie Du- 
puy, free. T. 

638. * Mme. Etienne, vig. 
T. 

639. Mme. Etienne 
Levet, dwf. H. T. 



640. Mme. Eugene 
Chambeyran, mod. 
H.R. 

641. Mme. Eugene 
Verdier, free or mod. 
H.R. 

642. Mme. Falcot, mod. 
T. 



643. Mme. Ferdinand 
Jamin, mod. H.R. 

644. Mme. Fortunee Bes- 
son. H.R. 

645. Mme. Fran 90 is 
Janin, dwf. or mod 
T. 



Madame Ducher, 1874. Canary-yellow, 
medium size. 

Pernet, 1876. Raised from Victor Ver- 
dier. Salmon-rose. 

Margottin, 1853. Bright rose, large, loose 
flowers, very thorny ; not valuable. 

Levet, 1879. Silvery-rose, medium size, 
double, very good. 

Ducher, 1869. Creamy- yellow, medium 
size. 

Moreau-Robert, 1854. Carmine-red, of 
medium size, full; one of the best in 
the class, which is not saying much for 
the class. 

Elie Lambert, 1890. Large, globular, 
well formed ; rich creamy-white, tinted 
with yellow and bordered with rosy- 
flesh ; promising. 

Nabonnand, 1881. Clear rose, flowers 
said to be in the style of Niphetos. 

Levet, 1870. Salmon, sometimes pale 
fawn, large, full ; not attractive. 

Bernaix, 1887. Rose colored, of good size 
and form, free flowering ; distinct. 

Levet, 1878. Cherry-red, sometimes hav- 
ing a coppery shade, small size, pretty 
in the bud ; slightly scented, agreeable 
odor. 

Gonod, 1878. Belongs to the Victor Ver- 
dier type. Rose -tinged with violet, 
sometimes salmon-rose. 

E. Verdier, 1878. Belongs to La Reinc 
type. Mottled rose, very large, full, 
globular ; a promising kind. 

Guillot fils, 1858. Raised from Safrano. 
Deep apricot; resembles the parent, 
but is somewhat larger, more double, 
of deeper shade, less productive, and of 
weaker growth. 

Ledechaux, 1875. Deep rose, cupped 
form, highly scented. 

Besson, 1881. Raised from Jules Mar- 
gottin. Carmine-rose. 

Levet, 1872. Orange -yellow, small size, 
buds of exquisite shape ; very distinct, 
both in color and its peculiar frag- 



276 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



646. Mme. Francois Pit- 
tet, mod. H.N. 

647. Mme. Freeman, 
mod. H.N. 

648. Mme. Fremion, 
mod. H.R. 

649. Mme. Gabriel 
Luizet, vig. H.R. 



650. Mme. Gaillard,mod. 
T. 

651. * Mme. G. Bruant, 
vig. H.R. 



652. Mme. George 
Schwartz, mod. H. 
R. 

653. Mme. Gustave Bon- 
net, free. H.N. 

654. Mme. Hardy, vig. 
Dam. 



655. Mme. Hippolyte 
Jamain, mod. H.R. 

656. Mme. Hippolyte 
Jamain, free. T. 

657. Mme. Hoche, mod. 
or dwf. M. 

658. * Mme. Hoste, vig. 
T. 



659. Mme. Hunnebelle, 
free. H.R. 

660. Mme. Isaac Pereire, 
free or vig. B. 



Lacharme, 1877. Pure white, small. 

Guillot pere, 1862. White, tinged with 
pink. 

Margottin, 1850. Cherry-red, cup shaped, 
fragrant. 

Liabaud, 1878. Belongs to the Jules 
Margottin type. Pink, somewhat fra- 
grant, long foliage ; a promising kind, 
worthy of attention. 

Ducher, 1870. Salmon -yellow, large, 
somewhat coarse. 

Bruant, 1888. The first of a new race of 
hybrids. In the bud state the flowers 
are long and pointed; when open, semi- 
double; pure white and fragrant, and 
produced freely in clusters at intervals 
throughout the summer ; exceptionally 
hardy and vigorous ; forms a handsome 
bush. 

Schwartz, 1871. Belongs to the Victor 
Verdier type. Silvery -rose, fades 
badly and is coarse. 

Lacharme, i860. From Blanche Lafitte 
X Sappho. White, tinged with pink ; 
surpassed by others of the class. 

Hardy, 1832. White, large, very full, 
flat form, very fragrant ; sometimes 
comes with green centre, but very 
beautiful when in perfection. A diffi- 
cult sort to grow from cuttings. 

Garcon, 1871. (Sent out by Jamain.) 
White, tinged with rose, very large, 
full. 

Guillot fils, 1869. White, tinged in the 
centre with yellow, large, full. 

Moreau- Robert, 1859. White, superseded 
by White Bath. 

Guillot, 1887. Large, finely formed flow- 
ers on stout stems ; color varies from 
straw-white to canary-yellow ; vigorous 
and most abundant bloomer ; forces 
well. 

Fontaine, 1873. Light rose, large, fra- 
grant. 

Margottin fils, 1880. Carmine-red, very 
large, full, free blooming. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



277 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



661. Mme. Jeanne Jou 
bert, vig. B. 

662. Mme. Jolibois, mod 
H.R. 

663. Mme. Joly, free. 
H.R. 

664. * Mme. Joseph Des- 
bois, vig. H.R. 

665. Mme. Joseph Hal- 
phen, mod. T. 

666. Mme. Joseph 
Schwartz, free. T. 

667. Mme. John Twom 
bly, free. H.R. 

668. * Mme. Jules Cam- 
bon, mod. T. 

669. Mme. Jules Grevy. 
H.R. 

670. Mme. Jules Mar- 
gottin, mod. T. 

671. Mme. Julie Daran, 
free. H.R. 

672. Mme. Julie Weid- 
man. H. T. 

673. Mme. Knorr, dwf. 
H.R. 

Mme. de Rothschild. 

674. Mme. Lacharme, 
dwf. H.Ch. 



675. Mme. Laffay, free 
H.R. 

676. Mme. Lambard 
vig. T. 



Margottin, 1877. Red, medium size, non- 
autumnal. 

E. Verdier, 1879. Silvery-rose, medium 
size, full. 

Rose color, medium size, semi-cupped, 
fragrant, and well formed ; seems to be 
of Bourbon origin. 

Guillot, 1886. Flesh-white, shaded with 
salmon-rose ; very large, well formed, 
very vigorous. 

Margottin, 1859. Blush, medium size. 

Schwartz, 1880. From Comtesse de La- 
bartke. Blush, the edge of petals 
tinged with carmine. 

Schwartz, 1881. Vermilion-red, said to 
have some resemblance to A If red Co- 
lo nib. 

Bernaix, 1889. Medium size ; flowers 
fresh carnation-rose color, margined 
with variable shades of carmine. 

Schwartz, 1881. From Triompke de 
F Exposition X Madame Falcot. Sal- 
mon-pink. 

Levet, 1871. Carmine-pink, tinged with 
lilac, very fragrant ; inclined to come in 
rough form. 

Touvais, 1861. Violet -crimson, a fine 
color ; shy in the autumn. 

Soupert & Notting, 1880. Salmon-rose. 

V. Verdier, 1855. Rose color, medium 
size, full, flat form, very sweet. 

See Baroness Rothschild. 

Lacharme, 1872. Claimed to have been 
raised from Jules Margottin X Som- 
breuil. White, tinged with pink, me- 
dium size, full or very full, globular; 
does not open well, and is shy in the 
autumn. Of bushy growth, and quite 
hardy. 

Laffay, 1839. Rose color, large, double, 
cupped form, red spines ; surpassed by 
many others of the same shade. 

Lacharme, 1877. Rosy -salmon, deepen- 
ing toward the centre, the color is vari- 
able, sometimes being a rosy-flesh ; the 



278 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
cf Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



677 

678 


M me 
mod. 

Mme. 
H.R. 

Mme. 
Jean, 

Mme. 
Cl.T. 


Landeau, 
P.M. 
Laurent, vig. 


679 
680. 


Leon de St. 
nod. T. 
Levet, vig. 


681 
682 


Mme 
H.R. 

Mme. 
mod. 


. Lilienthal. 

Loeben Sels, 
H.T. 


683 


Mme. 


Louis Car- 


684 
685 

686 


icques, vig. H.R. 

Mme. Louis Dona- 
dine, dwf. or mod. 
H.R. 

Mme. Louis Henry, 
vig. N. 

Mme. Louis Leve- 
que, mod. H.R. 


687 


Mme. 
mod. 


Margottin, 
T. 



Mme. Marie 
Bianchi. H.R. 

Mme. Marie Cirrod- 
de, mod. H.R. 

Mme. Marie Roe- 
derer. H.R. 

Mme. Marie Finger, 
dwf. H.R. 

* Mme. Marthe du 
Bourg, free. T. 



flowers are large, very full, and good. 
This variety is not so refined as many 
others, but is of excellent habit, free 
blooming qualities, and is to be con- 
sidered one of our most useful Teas. 

Moreau-Robert, 1873. Red, medium size, 
full ; not valuable. 

Granger, 1871. Cherry-red. 

Levet, 1875. Pale yellow, very fragrant, 
poor form. 

Levet, 1869. Raised from Gloire de Dijon. 
Very much like the parent, but inferior 
to it. 

Liabaud, 1878. Bright rose, tinged with 
salmon. 

Soupert & Notting, 1879. Silvery-white, 
shaded with rose, large, full, somewhat 
flat form. 

Fontaine, 1859. Rosy -crimson, double, 
free in autumn ; not of first quality. 

Gonod, 1877. A sport from Countess of 
Oxford. Nearly the shade of Eugenie 
Verdier ; poor. 

Mme. Ducher, 1879. Pale yellow, fra- 
grant ; in the way of Solfaterre. 

Leveque, 1873. Belongs to the fules 
Margottin type. Carmine-rose, large, 
very full, somewhat flat form, slightly 
fragrant ; blooms late in the season, but 
is shy in the autumn. 

Guillot fils, 1866. Citron -yellow, some- 
times with coppery centre, large, full, 
many malformed flowers, fine when 
perfect. 

Guillot fils, 1881. Raised from Victor 
Verdier X Virginal. Blush, tinged 
with lilac, fragrant. 

C. Verdier, 1867. Salmon-pink. 

Leveque, 1881. Raised from fules Mar- 
gottin. Cherry-red. 

RambauXj 1873. (Sent out by Lacharme.) 
Almost identical with Eugenie Verdier. 

Pernet, 1889. Large, nearly double, 
nicely pointed centre ; creamy -white, 
with carmine on the edges ; very pretty. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



279 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



693. Mme. Marthe 
d'Halloy. H.R. 

694. Mme. Maurice Kup- 
penheim, mod. T. 

695. Mme. Maurin, free. 

r. 

696. Mme. Maxime de 
la Rocheterie. H.R. 

697. Mme. Melanie Wil- 
lermoz, free. T. 

698. Mme. Miolan Car- 
valho, free or vig. N. 

699. Mme. Montet. H.R. 

700. Mme. Moreau, mod. 
H.R. 

701. Mme. Moreau, mod. 
P.M. 

702. Mme. Nachury, vig. 
H.R. 



703. Mme. Noman, dwf 
{Mademoiselle Bon- 
naire.) H.N. 



704. Mme. Oswald de 
Kerchove, dwf. H. 

N. 



705. Mme. Pauline La- 
bonte, free. T. 

706. * Mme. Philemon 
Cochet, vig. T. 

707. * Mme. Pierre Guil- 
lot, vig. T. 



Leveque, 1881. Raised from Madame 
Boutin. Cherry-red. 

Madame Ducher, 1877. Yale yellow, 
shaded with apricot. 

Guillot pere, 1853. Creamy-white, large ; 
not very reliable. 

T. Grange, 1880. (Sent out by Vigneron.) 
Raised from Victor Verdier. Car- 
mine-rose. 

Lacharme, 1845. Creamy -white, thick 
petals, large, full, little fragrance ; an 
excellent sort for out-of-door culture. 

Leveque, 1876. Raised from Chroma- 
tella. Sulphur-yellow. 

Liabaud, 1880. Light pink, large petals. 

Gonod. Red, shaded with violet. 

Moreau-Robert, 1872. Red, large, full. 

Damaizin, 1873. Belongs to La Reine 
type. Deep rose color, fades easily, 
flowers very large, rather loose, fra- 
grant. 

Guillot pere, 1867. Raised from Madame 
Re'camier. White, sometimes with 
shaded centre, medium size, full, glob- 
ular ; foliage somewhat crimpled, wood 
armed with quite numerous, small 
spines. A rose of exquisite beauty. 

Schwartz, 1879. From a seedling of Mme. 
Re'camier X Mme. Falcot. White, 
tinged with fawn, promises to be an 
addition of merit. It has all the charac- 
teristics of the Eliza Boelle type. 

Pradel, 1852. Salmon-rose, large, full, 
and good in the bud ; an excellent 
sort. 

Cochet, 1888. Bright rose, renexed with 
salmon-white, medium size. 

Guillot, 1888. A rose partaking of the 
characteristics of both Mad. de Watte- 
ville and IV. A. Richardson in color; 
flowers large, full, finely formed, pale 
yellow, tinted with coppery-orange at 
centre, becoming paler outward ; edges 
of petals rosy-cnmson ; a strong grower 
and free bloomer. 



280 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



708. 

709. 
710. 

711, 

712 

713 



Mme. Pierre Oger, 
vig. B. 

* Mme. P. Kuntz. 
vig. T. 

Mme. Plantier, free, 
H.Ch. 



Mme. Prosper Lau- 
gier, free. H.R. 

Mme. Recamier 
dwf. H.N. 



Mme. Rivers, mod. 
H.R. 

. Mme. Rosalie de 
Wincop. H.R. 

, * Mme. Schwaller, 
vig. H.T. 

. * Mme. Scipion 
Cochet, vig. T. 

, Mme. Scipion Co 
chet, vig. H.R. 

-Mme. Sertot % T. 

, Mme. Sophie Fro 
pot, vig. H.R. 

, M m e . Thevenot 
free. H.R. 
. Mme. Trifle, vig 

a.r. 

. Mme. Trotter, vig 

H.Ch. 
. Mme. Trudeau,free 

H.R. 



Oger, 1878. (Sent out by C. Verdier.) A 
sport IxovsxReine Victoria. Blush, the 
exterior of petals tinged with rosy-lilac, 
cupped form, not a free bloomer. 

Bernaix, 1889. Large, full, bright pink 
or China rose ; finely formed, and frag- 
rant ; free bloomer. 

Plantier, 1835. Pure white, above me- 
dium size, full, flat form, seven leaflets, 
foliage rather small ; one of the best 
white roses for hedges and for massing. 
Early in the season the flowers are pro- 
duced in great abundance. 

E. Verdier, 1875. Red, quartered shape, 
not fragrant, numerous red thorns ; of 
second quality. 

Lacharme, 1853. Blush-white, medium 
size, well formed. The origin of this 
rose is unknown ; probably it is the re- 
sult of a natural cross with some 
Noisette on a Bourbon. 

Guillot pere, 1850. Blush ; a pretty sort, 
but of unhealthy habit and quite ten- 
der. 

Vigneron, 1881. Raised from General 
Jacqueminot. Red, tinged with lilac. 

Bernaix, 1886. Pink, large, fine ; blooms 
freely and abundantly. 

Bernaix, 1887. Rosy-yellow, large and 
double, margins of petals wavy, beauti- 
ful glossy foliage, free flowering. 

Cochet, 1871. Cherry-rose. 

See Madame Bravy. 

Levet, 1876. Bright rose, nearly smooth 

wood ; a shy autumnal and not of first 

quality. 
Jamain, 1877. Bright red, free blooming. 

Levet, 1869. Raised from Gloire de 
Dijon. Fawn and yellow ; resembles 
the parent, but inferior to it in value. 

Granger, 1855. Bright red, medium size, 
a free bloomer in the spring. 

Daniel Boll, 1850. Rose, tinged with 
lilac, medium size, well formed, free 
flowering, mildews badly. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



281 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



723. Mme. Victor Ver 
dier, mod. or free 
H.R. 

724. Mme. Vidot, dwf 
H.R. 



725. Mme. Welche, mod 
T. 



726. Mme. Zcetman,mod. 
or free. Dam. 

Mademoiselle Annie 

Wood. H.R. 

727. Mile. Blanche Dur- 
schmidt, free. T. 

728. Mile. Bonnaire,dwf. 
H.N. 



729. Mile. Brigitte Vio- 
let, mod. H. T. 

730. Mile. Cecile Ber- 
thod,dwf.ormod. T, 

731. Mile. Cecile Briin- 
ner, mod. or dwf. 
Pol. 



732. Mile. Emma Hall, 
mod. or free. H.C/i. 



733. Mile. Fernande de 
la Forest, mod. H.R. 

734. * Mile. Jeanne Guil- 
laumez, vig. T. 



E. Verdier, 1863. Carmine-crimson, large, 
full, fine, globular form, very fragrant ; 
a superb rose. 

Couturier, 1854. (Sent out by E. Ver- 
dier.) Flesh, color, full, well formed ; 
a beautiful rose of delicate constitu- 
tion. 

Madame Ducher, 1878. (Sent out by 
Bennett.) Raised from Devoniensis X 
Souvenir d 'un A 7ni. Pale yellow, the 
centre coppery-yellow, large and full ; a 
very distinct Tea. 

Delicate flesh, changing to white, large, 
very full, flat form, fragrant, five to 
seven leaflets ; a splendid white rose. 

See Annie Wood. 

Guillot fils, 1877. Raised from Madame 
Falcot. Flesh color, semi-double, 
worthless. 

Pernet, 1859. Closely resembles Madame 
Noman; it is difficult to see any points 
of difference by which one may be dis- 
tinguished from the other. 

Levet, 1878. Silvery-rose, slightly tinged 
with lilac ; not highly scented, but 
quite a pleasing sort. 

Guillot fils, 1871. Sulphur -yellow, me- 
dium size, pretty in the bud. 

Madame Ducher, 1880. Salmon -pink, 
deeper in the centre, very small, full, 
delicately scented ; an exquisite minia- 
ture rose for floral work, opera bou- 
quets, etc. 

Liabaud, 1876. Raised from Souvenir 
de la Reine d'A ngleterre. Carmine- 
rose, medium size, semi-globular form, 
fragrant ; there are seven leaflets of 
light green color, rather crimpled, the 
shoots are armed with small spines of 
pale green. An excellent summer rose. 

Damaizin, 1872. Belongs to the Victor 
Verdier type. Rose color, somewhat 
in the way of Lyonnaise ; of no value. 

Bernaix, 1889. Large, delicate coppery- 
yellow, tinted with flesh, with base of 
petals orange-red. 



282 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



735. Mile. Julie Dymo 
nier, dwf. H.R. 

736. Mile. Lazarine Poi 
zeau, dwf. or mod 
T. 

737. M 1 1 e. Marguerite 
Dombrain, free. H, 
R. 

738. Mile. Marie Ar- 
mand, mod. T. 

739. Mile. Marie Berton, 
vig. CI. T. 



740. Mile. Marie Chau 
vet. H.R. 

741. Mile. Marie Cointet 
dwf. H.R. 



742. Mile. Marie Gonod, 
free. H.R. 

743. Mile. Marie Rady. 
free. H.R. 



744. Mile. Rachel, dwf. 
T. 

745. Mile. Therese Lev- 
et, mod. H.R. 



Gonod, 1879. Belongs to the Victor Ver- 
dier type. Salmon-pink, after the style 
of Marie Cointet. 

Levet, 1876. Orange -yellow, small size, 
very pretty in the bud ; closely re- 
sembles Madame Francois Janin. 

E. Verdier, 1865. Belongs to La Reine 
type. Satiny-rose, a good sort. 

Levet, 1872. Canary -yellow, beautiful 
buds, well scented, delicate constitu- 
tion. 

Levet, 1875. Raised from Gloire de Di- 
jon. Pale yellow, somewhat fragrant, 
the most free flowering of all the seed- 
lings from Gloire de Dijon ; the flower 
stems are long and stout, the foliage 
large and lustrous. A magnificent yel- 
low rose. 

Besson, 1881. Raised from Baroness 
Rothschild. Deep rose color. 

Guillot fils, 1872. Belongs to the Victor 
Verdier type. Salmon- pink ; a very 
beautiful sort when perfect, but most of 
the flowers are malformed, or open 
badly. 

Gonod, 1871. Rosy-blush. 

Fontaine, 1865. Vermilion-red, shaded 
with crimson, large or very large, very 
full, of splendid globular form, very 
fragrant ; it has more vermilion than 
Alfred Colomb, making it somewhat 
lighter and more dull ; the shoots are 
armed with numerous red thorns, the 
foliage shows considerable lustre. There 
is no finer exhibition sort among the 
red roses, and were it as constant, it 
would be quite as valuable as Alfred 
Colomb and Marie Baumann, varieties 
which bear it considerable resemblance. 

Beluze, i860. White, pointed buds, some- 
what in the style of Niphetos, but not 
equal in quality to that fine sort. 

Levet, 1866. Belongs to the Jules Mar- 
gottin type. Salmon- rose, medium 
size, free blooming. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



283 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



746. Magna Charta, vig. 
H.Ch. 



747. Manetti Rose, vig. 



748. Marcelin Roda,mod. 
T. 

749. * Marchioness 
of Dufferin, vig. H. 
R. 

750. Marchioness of Ex- 
eter, free. H.R. 

751. * Marchioness 
of Lome, vig. H.R. 



752. Marechal F o r e y , 
vig. or free. H.R. 

753. Marechal Niel, vig. 
N. 



754. Marechal Robert, 
free. T. 



W. Paul, 1876. Pink, suffused with car- 
mine, large or very large, full, globular ; 
foliage and wood light green, numerous, 
dark spines. A fragrant, excellent va- 
riety. 

Violet -rose, small size, single, not pro- 
ductive ; this variety, since its intro- 
duction from Italy, is more used for 
a stock on which to bud choice sorts 
than any other kind. It has dark, 
brownish wood, and always seven leaf- 
lets, sometimes nine ; there need be, 
therefore, no difficulty in distinguish- 
ing it fromother kinds. 

Ducher, 1872, Yellowish - white, the 
centre light yellow ; a fairly good 
rose. 

A. Dickson & Sons, 1891. " Very large, 
beautiful rosy-pink suffused with yellow 
at base of petals, which are reflexed." 

Laxton, 1877. (Sent out by G. Paul.) 
A seedling from Jules Margottin. 
Cherry-rose, fragrant. 

W. Paul & Son, 1889. Large, full, cup- 
ped ; buds long and handsome, rich and 
fulgent rose color, shaded with vivid 
carmine, remarkable for its perpetual 
habit. 

Margottin, 1863. Raised from Triomphe 
de V Exposition. Reddish-crimson, shy 
in the autumn. 

Pradel, 1864. Supposed to be a seedling 
from Isabella Gray. Deep yellow, 
very large, very full, globular form, 
delightfully fragrant, the finest of all 
yellow roses ; it is of delicate constitu- 
tion, and requires very careful treat- 
ment to produce satisfactory results. 
It is only adapted for culture under 
glass, and even then the inexperienced 
would do better not to attempt its cul- 
ture, but use in its stead Mile. Marie 
Berton, Solfaterre, or,for non-climbers, 
Perle des Jar dins. 

Madame Ducher, 1875. White, the cen- 
tre shaded with flesh, large or very 
large, full ; a fine sort. 



284 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



755. Marechal Vaillant. 
free. H.R. 



756. * Margaret Dickson, 
vig. H.R. 



757. Marguerite Bras- 
sac. H.R. 

758. Marguerite de St. 
Amand, free. H.R. 



759. Marie Baumann 
mod. H.R. 



760. Marie Caroline de 
Sartoux. T. 

761. Marie de Blois, free. 
M. 

762. Marie de Bour- 
gogne, dwf. P.M. 

763. Marie Ducher, free. 
T. 



764. Marie Guillot, mod. 
T. 



Viennot, 1861. (Sent out by Jamain.) 
Crimson, large, full, well formed, fra- 
grant ; a fine rose, which, were it not 
for Mazirtce Bernardin, would be 
more useful. It is a valuable kind 
for large collections. 

A. Dickson & Sons, 1891. " Of magnifi- 
cent form ; white, with pale flesh cen- 
tre ; petals very large, shell shaped, and 
of great substance ; foliage very large, 
dark green." 

Brassac, 1875. The same as Charles Le- 
febvre. 

S^nsal, 1864. Raised from Jules Mar- 
gottin. Bright rose, very beautiful in 
the bud state ; will give more fine 
blooms in the autumn than any other 
of the class, and it is also one of the 
best for forcing. It cannot be prop- 
agated from cuttings. 

Baumann, 1863. Crimson-vermilion, suf- 
fused with carmine, large, full, of ex- 
quisite color and form, very fragrant : 
the wood freely covered with small 
light red thorns. This variety is a 
little lighter and brighter in color than 
Marie Rady, which is a shade lighter 
than Alfred Colomb. A rose of the 
highest quality and very productive ; 
no collection can be complete with it 
left out. It should be given a favored 
position. 

Nabonnand, 1881. Pure white. 

Moreau- Robert, 1852. Rose color, double, 
not mossy, poor. 

Moreau-Robert, 1853. Bright rose, me- 
dium size. 

Ducher, 1868. Salmon-rose, large, very 
full, somewhat flat ; a free blooming 
kind, of excellent habit. Not a refined 
flower, yet it is a sort worth grow- 
ing. 

Guillot fils, 1874. White, faintly tinged 
with yellow, large, full ; of splendid 
form. One of the most beautiful Teas ; 
would that it were fragrant ! 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



285 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



765. Marie Jaillet, mod. 
T. 

766. Marie Louise Per- 
net, mod. H.R. 

767. Marie Opoix, mod. 
T. 

768. Marie Sisley, mod. 
T. 



769. Marie Van Houtte, 
free. T. 



770. Marie Verdier, free. 
H.R. 

771. * Marion Dingee, 
vig. T. 



772. Marquis de Balbi- 
ano, free. B. 

773. Marquis de Sanima, 
mod. T. 

774. * Marquise de Vi- 
vens, vig. T. 

775. Marquis of Salis- 
bury, mod. H.R. 

776. Marquise Adele de 
Murinais, free. H.R. 

777. Marquise de Castel- 
lane, mod. H.R. 



778. Marquise de Lig- 
neries, mod. H.R. 



Madame Ducher, 1878. Pale rose, deeper 
in the centre. 

Pernet, 1876 Raised from Baroness 
Rothschild. Deep violet -red, cupped 
form ; very fragrant. 

Schwartz, 1874. Pale yellow, almost 
white, not of first quality. 

Guillot fils, 1868. Rose, tinged with sal- 
mon, sometimes coppery-rose ; a distinct 
sort, but not reliable, and at its best is 
not specially attractive. 

Ducher, 1871. From Madame de Tar- 
tasy^Madame Falcot. Pale yellow, the 
edges of petals often lined with rose, 
well formed ; of good habit, and in 
every respect a most charming sort. 
The finest of all Teas for out-door cul- 
ture. 

E. Verdier, 1877. Rose color. 

Dingee & Conard Co. ? 1892. Described 
as deep brilliant crimson, one of the 
brightest and richest colored Teas ; 
flowers large, cup shaped, and borne on 
long, straight stems. 

Lacharme, 1855. Silvery- rose, medium 
size, full. 

Mme. Ducher, 1875. Coppery-rose, in 
the style of Rez'ne du Portugal, but 
not so good. 

Dubreuil, 1885. Bright carmine on the 
edges of outside petals, gradually bo- 
coming straw color at the base ; distinct. 

G. Paul, 1879. Coppery -rose ; shaded 
with crimson, large, globular form, dis- 
tinct. 

Schwartz, 1876. Raised from Madame 
Laffay. Silvery-rose ; an inferior sort. 

Pernet, 1869. Supposed to be a seedling 
from Jules Margottin. Carmine-rose, 
a permanent shade, very large, very 
full, not fragrant but effective, does not 
bloom until late ; a valuable sort for 
exhibition purposes. Does not propa- 
gate from cuttings. 

Guenoux, 1879. (Sent out by Jamain.) 
Rose color, wood nearly smooth. 



286 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



779. Marquise de Morte- 
mart, mod. or dwf, 

780. * Marshall P. Wil- 
der, vig. H.R. 



781. MaryPochin. H.R. 



782. Masterpiece, mod, 
or free. H.R. 

783. Mathilde Lenaerts, 
Cl.T. 

784. Maurice Bernardin, 
vig. or free. H.R. 



785. * Maurice L. de Vil- 
morin, vig. H.R. 

786. * Maurice Rouvier, 
vig. T. 

787. May Quennell, dwf. 
or mod. H.R. 



5. May Turner, mod, 
H.R. 



Liabaud, 1868. Raised from Jules Mar- 
gottin. Blush, well formed. A fine 
rose of delicate habit. 

Ellwanger & Barry, 1884. Raised from 
the seed of Gen. Jacqueminot. It is 
of vigorous growth, with healthy foli- 
age, flowers large, semi-globular, full, 
well formed ; color, cherry-carmine, 
much like a light-colored Marie Bau- 
mann, or a shade deeper than Marie 
Rady, and very fragrant. In wood, 
foliage, and form of flower, it resem- 
bles Alfred Colomb, but the seedling 
excels that famous variety in vigor, 
hardiness, and freedom of bloom. It 
continues to bloom profusely long after 
the other Remontants are out of flower. 
In brief, it may be described as an im- 
proved A If red Colomb. 

Rev. E. M. Pochin, 1881. (Sent out by 
Cranston.) Lake, shaded with crimson, 
medium size. 

W. Paul, 1880. Supposed to be a seed- 
ling from Beauty of Walt ham. Rosy- 
crimson. 

Levet, 1879. Raised from Gloire de 
Dijon. Rose color. 

Granger, 1861. Raised from General 
Jacqueminot. Bright crimson, large, 
moderately full ; a good free flowering 
sort, generally coming in clusters ; the 
roots are very delicate, and break easily. 
In the spring, this is, perhaps, the most 
prolific of all crimson sorts. 

Leveque, 1891. Large, double, fine 
form ; clear bright red, shaded velvety 
brown. 

Nabonnand, 1890. Large, full, globular 
form, delicate rose veined with red ; 
fragrant and free blooming. 

Postans, 1878. (Sent out by W. Paul & 
Son.) Magenta, shaded with crimson, 
large flowers, many of them coming 
imperfect ; wood rather smooth, foliage 
dark. 

E. Verdier, 1874. Salmon-rose. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



287 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



789. * Medea, vig. T. 



790. Melanie Oger, free 
T. 

791. Melanie Soupert 
T. 

792. Mere de St. Louis, 
mod. H.R. 

793. * Merveille de Lyon 
mod. H.R. 



794. * Meteor, vig. H. T. 



795. Michael Bonnet 
free. H.R. 

796. Michael Saunders, 
mod. H. T. 



797. Mignonette. Pol. 



708. Miller-Hayes, mod. 
H.R. 

799. * Miniature, vig. 
Pol. 

800. * Miss Ethel Brown- 
low, vig. T. 

801. Miss Glegg, free. 

N. 

802. Miss Hassard, free. 
H.R. 



W. Paul& Son, 1891. " Large, very full, 
buds inclined to be high centred ; color 
lemon, with canary-yellow centre." 

Oger, 1851. Yellowish- white, deeper at 
centre, medium size. 

Nabonnand, 1881. White, large, very 
full. 

Lacharme, 1852. Raised from La Reine. 
Pink, medium size. 

Pernet, 1882. Pure white, shaded and 
marked with satiny-rose ; flowers very 
large, double, and of a beautiful cup 
shape. A seedling from Baroness Roth- 
schild, with the same habit, but larger. 

Bennett, 1887. Rich dark velvety-crim- 
son, retaining its color well ; a constant 
bloomer, healthy, with no tendency to 
mildew : admirable for forcing. 

Guillot pere. 1864. Rose color, in the 
way of Madame Joly, but inferior. 

Bennett, 1879. From President X Ma- 
dame Victor Verdier.^ Deep bronzed 
rose, or rose shaded with coppery-red, 
medium size, very full, finely formed, 
somewhat fragrant ; on account of their 
great fulness the flowers do not open 
well under glass, but they are fine in 
open air. A very distinct and pleasing 
sort ; the best of the set sent out by 
Bennett. 

Guillot fils. 1881. " Delicate rose, chang- 
ing to blush, very small, double, flower- 
ing in corymbs of t h i r t y or forty 
blooms." 

E. Verdier, 1873. Reddish-crimson. 

Alegatiere, 1884. Rosy-white, changing 
to white ; full, sweet ; in clusters. 

A. Dickson & Sons, 1887. Bright salmon- 
pink, shaded yellow at base of petals ; 
free flowering. 

Vibert. White, the centre often flesh 
color, very small, double ; resembles 
A ime.e Vibert, but is much inferior. 

Turner, 11 75. Raised from Marguerite 
de St. A mand. Pink, large, very full, 
sweetly scented. 



2 88 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



803 
804, 

805, 



Miss Ingram, free 
H.Ch. 

Miss May Paul, vig 
Cl.T. 

Miss Tweed, free. 
A. 



806. Modele de Perfec- 
tion, mod. B. 

807. Mogadon H.R. 



808. 
809. 

810. 

811. 
812. 

813. 
814. 

815. 
816. 
817. 
818. 



Moire, mod. T. 

Monsieur Alfred 
Leveau. H.R. 

Monsieur Boncenne, 
free or mod. H.R. 

* Monsieur Desir, 
vig. T. 

Monsieur E. Y. 
Teas, mod. or dwf. 
H.R. 

Monsieur Fillion, 
mod. H.R. 

Monsieur Furtado, 
free or mod. T. 



Monsieur Jard, free. 
B. 

Monsieur Journaux, 
vig. H.R. 

Monsieur Jules 
Monges. H.R. 

Monsieur Noman, 
dwf. H.R. 



Ingram, 1868. (Sent out by Turner.) 
Blush-white, well formed ; a fine rose. 

Levet, 1881. Raised from Gloire de 
Dijon. " Lilac-white, reverse of the 
petals red." 

Pale yellow, semi-double ; it has nine 
leaflets, rarely seven ; Persian Yellow 
has seven leaflets only ; remembering 
this, it is always a simple matter to dis- 
tinguish the varieties when out of 
flower. 

Guillot fils, i860. Raised from Louise 
Odier. Satiny-rose, medium size, well 
formed. 

Raised from Rose dti Roi, and esteemed 
as an improvement on that variety. It 
is a crimson damask which flowers in 
autumn. 

Moire, 1844. Fawn and rose. 

Vigneron, 1880. Carmine-rose. 

Liabaud, 1864. Very deep crimson, dou- 
ble, medium size ; a good rose, but 
now displaced by Baron de Bonstetten. 

Pernet pere, 1888. Large, velvety crim- 
son-rose ; free bloomer ; a fine climber. 

E. Verdier, 1874. Carmine -crimson, 
large, fine, globular form, highly 
scented ; a superb rose. 

Gonod, 1876. Belongs to the Victor 
Verdier type. Carmine -rose, not of 
first quality. 

Laffay, 1863. Yellow, medium or small 
size, well formed, very full ; an exqui- 
site sort, of good habit, not nearly so 
much grown as it deserves. 

Guillot pere, 1857. Red, tinged with 
violet. 

Marest, 1868. Brilliant red. 

Guillot fils, 1881. Carmine -rose, cupped 
form. 

Guillot pere, 1866. Raised from Jules 
Margottin. Rose color, often deli- 
cately mottled, beautiful globular form. 
Unreliable, but magnificent when in 
perfection. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



819. Monsieur Thouve- 
nel. H.R. 

820. Monthly Cabbage 
Beng. 

821. * ^-ousseleine, vig 
M. 

822. Mrs. Baker, mod 
H.R. 

823. Mrs. Bosanquet 
mod. Beng. 

824. * Mrs. Degraw. B 



225. Mrs. Elliott, free 

H.R. 
$26. Mrs. Harry Turner 

mod. H.R. 



827. Mrs. Hovey, vig. P. 



28. * Mrs. James Wil- 
son, mod. T. 



829. * Mrs. John Laing. 
vig. H.R. 



830. Mrs. Jowitt. H.R. 



831. Mrs. Laxton, dwf. 
H.R. 

832. Mrs. Opie, mod. T. 



Vigneron, 1880. Velvety-red, flat form. 
Violet-rose, somewhat fragrant. 

Moreau-Robert, 1881. White, lightly 
marked with rose, changing to pure 
white. A good grower. 

Turner, 1875. Belongs to the Victor 
Verdier type. Carmine-red. 

Madam Pean. Rosy-flesh, very produc- 
tive. 

Burgess, 1875. Resembles Apolline some- 
what in leaf and flower, but is more 
compact in growth. In color it is a rich 
glossy pink, very fragrant, and is a 
remarkably prolific and continuous 
bloomer. It is said to be perfectly 
hardy south of New York. 

Laffay, 1840. Rose color, double, gener- 
ally seven leaflets ; of second quality. 

Laxton, 1880. (Sent out by Turner.) 
Raised from Charles Lefebvre X Al- 
fred de Rougemont. Scarlet-crimson, 
a splendid bright color ; a very promis- 
ing sort. 

Pierce, 1850. Blush, changing to white, 
resembles Baltimore Belle, but is har- 
dier ; a valuable climbing rose. 

A. Dickson & Sons, 1889. In form re- 
sembles Mermet ; flowers deep lemon- 
yellow, tipped with rose ; highly fra- 
grant ; habit vigorous and branching ; 
flowers carried erect on stiff stems and 
lasting well. 

Bennett, 1887. A seedling from Francois 
Michelon \ soft pink ; large and of fine 
form, produced on strong stems ; ex- 
ceedingly fragrant ; one of the most 
valuable varieties for forcing, and 
flowers continuously in the open ground. 

Cranston, 1880. From Marie Rady X 
Due de Rohan. Crimson, tinged with 
lake. 

Laxton, 1878. (Sent out by G. Paul.) 
Raised from Madame Victor Verdier. 
Rosy-crimson, beautiful form. 

Bell & Son, 1877. Salmon-rose. 



19 



290 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



833. * Mrs. Paul, vig. B. 



834. Mrs. Pierce, vig. P. 

835. Mrs. Standish, dwf. 
H.R. 

836. Nancy Lee, dwf. 
H.T. 



837. Narcisse, mod. {En- 
fant de Lyon.) T. 

838. Nardy Freres, free. 
H.R. 



839. Nina, mod. T. 

840. Niphetos, dwf. 



841. Nuits de Young, 
mod. M. 

842. * Oakmont. H.R. 



843. Oderic Vital, vig, 
H.R. 

844. Od or at a, free, 
(Blush Tea.) T. 



Paul & Son, 1891. " Large open flower like 
a camelia, with very bold, thick petals, 
perfectly arranged ; blush-white, with 
rosy peach shading ; very distinct. A 
fine autumnal rose.' 

Pierce, 1850. Blush. 

Trouillard, i860. Belongs to the Giant 
of Battles type. Deep crimson, tinged 
with purple. 

Bennett, 1879. From Alba Rosea X Ed- 
ward Morren. Satiny-rose, a delicate 
and lovely shade, medium or small 
size, beautiful buds, highly scented ; 
growth slender, inclined to mildew. 
Were this of vigorous growth and good 
constitution, it would be a variety of 
great value. 

1845. Yellow, an inferior Monsieur 
Fur t ado. 

Ducher, 1865. Supposed to be a seedling 
from Madame Boll. Violet -red, a 
very distinct variety, but of too perish- 
able a color to have any value. 

Blush, loose flowers : not of value. 

1844. White, sometimes tinged with pale 
yellow, long, large buds, the petals 
thick and durable. A very beautiful 
variety for growing under^ glass, it is 
entirely unsuited for growing in open 
air. 

Lafiay, 1851. Purplish -red, a sullied 
shade. 

Comley. " Deep bright rose color, in the 
way of Paul Neyron, but blooms much 
more freely ; delightfully scented ; con- 
tinues in bloom all summer, and is one 
of the best varieties for very early winter 
forcing." 

Oger, 1858. A sport from Baronne Pre- 
vost. A little lighter in color than the 
parent, the habit is the same. 

Of Chinese origin, brought to England in 
1810. Carmine, fading to blush, large 
flowers, somewhat loose but good in the 
bud ; one of the most fragrant. The 
larger number of the Teas are descend- 
ants of this sort. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



! 9 I 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



845. (Eillet Flamand 
free. Fr. 



846. GEillet Parfait, mod. 
Prov. 

Old Yellow Tea. T. 

847. Olga Marix, mod. 
H.N. 

848. Olivier Delhomme, 
free. H.R. 

849. Ophelia, mod. T. 

850. Ophirie, vig. N, 



851. Oriflamme de St. 
Louis, free. H.R. 

852. Oscar Leclerc, mod. 
P.M. _ 

853. Oxonian, mod. H. 
R. 



854. Paeonia, free. H.R. 



855. Pallida. P. 

856. Panache d' Orleans, 
vig. H.R. 



857. * Papa Gontier, vig. 
T. 



. Paquerette, mod 
Pol. 



Vibert, 1845. White, striped with rose, 
like a variegated carnation, double 
flowers, of medium size ; the foliage is 
very dark. 

Foulard, 1841. Blush, striped with violet- 
rose ; inferior to the preceding sort. 

See Flavescens. 

Schwartz, 1873. Rosy-flesh, changing to 
white ; inferior. 

V. Verdier, 1861. Brilliant red, large, 
well formed. 

Ducher, 1873, Yellow, medium size, full. 

Goubault,i844> Nasturtium -yellow, suf- 
fused with coppery -red, medium size, 
double j a very distinct sort, but very shy. 

1858. Raised from General Jacqueminot. 
Brilliant crimson ; resembles the parent, 
but is inferior to it. 

Robert, 1853. Red, tinged with violet, in 
the way of Madame Bouton. 

Turner, 1875. Belongs to the Victor 
Verdier type. Rosy-red, somewhat 
fragrant, lasge size ; the only one of 
the type that has perfume. 

Lacharme, 1855. Red, very large or 
large, full, fragrant, a free bloomer ; 
bushy habit, dark lustrous foliage, 
numerous pale red thorns. A fine gar- 
den rose, but not quite up to exhibition 
standard. 

Feast, 1843. Blush, much resembling 
Superba. 

Dauvesse, 1854. A sport from Baronne 
Pre'vost. Identical with the parent 
sort, except that the flowers are striped 
with rosy -white. It is not constant, 
soon running back to the original. 

Nabonnand, 1883. Rose, shaded yellow, 
reverse of petals crimson ; large, semi- 
double, fragrant, free growing, pro- 
fuse flowering ; very popular for winter 
forcing. 

Guillot fils, 1875. Pure white, about one 
inch in diameter, full, prettily formed, 
recalling blossoms of the double flower- 
ing cherry ; there are five to seven 
leaflets, the growth is slender. 



292 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



859. Paul Jamain, free 
H.R. 



860. Paul Joseph, free 
B. 

861. Paul Nabonnand, 
free. T. 

862. Paul Neyron, vig, 
H.R. 



863. Paul Perras, vig. H, 
Ch. 

864. Paul Ricaut, free or 
vig. H.Ch. 

865. Paul Verdier, vig. 
H.Ch. 

866. Pauline Lansezeur, 
mod. H.R. 

867. Pauline Talabot, 
free. H.R. 

868. Peach Blossom, 
mod. H.R. 



869. Pearl, dwf. H.T. 



870. * Pearl Rivers, vig. 
T. 

871. Penelope Mayo, 
mod. H.R. 



Jamain, 1878. Belongs to the Charles 
Lefebvre type. Crimson, slightly 
tinged with violet-red. Very similar to 
Charles Lefebvre. 

Portemer, 1842. Violet-red. 

Nabonnand, 1877. Satiny-rose. 

Levet, 1869. From Victor Verdier X 
Anne de Diesbach. Deep rose, very 
large, very full, somewhat fragrant, 
free blooming ; the wood is nearly 
smooth, the foliage tough and endur- 
ing, somewhat tender, the growth is 
very upright. The largest variety 
known, and a very desirable sort for the 
garden. 

Pale rose, large, full. 

Portemer, 1845. Carmine -crimson, me- 
dium size, fine globular form ; one of 
the most beautiful summer roses. 

C. Verdier, 1866. Carmine -red, large, 
globular flowers, well built ; a splendid 
sort. 

Lansezeur, 1855. Red, shaded with vio- 
let-crimson, medium size, free bloom- 
ing. 

E. Verdier, 1873. Carmine-red. 

W. Paul, 1874. Belongs to the Jules 
Margottin type. Mottled pink, a fine 
color, many imperfect blooms ; there 
are others of this type like Comtesse de 
Serenye, Egeria, and Marguerite de 
St. Ama?ide, of nearly the same shade, 
that are greatly superior. 

Bennett, 1879. From President X Com- 
tesse de Serenye. Rosy-flesh, small, full, 
pretty buds, with a decided Bourbon 
fragrance ; growth very slender, sub- 
ject to mildew. 

Dingee & Conard Co., _ 1890. Large, 
ivory-white, shaded with clear rose ; 
fragrant and beautiful. 

Davis, 1873. (Sent out by Turner.) 
Carmine-red, full, well-shaped flowers. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



293 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



872. Perfection de Mon 
plaisir, mod. T. 

873. Perfection des Blan 
ches, free. H.N. 

874. Perle d'Angers 
mod. B. 

875. * Perle d'Or, mod 
Pol. 



876. Perle des Blanches 
mod. H.N. 

877. Perle des Jardins 
free. T. 



Perle de Lyon, mod 
T. 



879. Perpetual W h : 
Moss, free. M. 



880. Persian Yellow, free. 
A. 



Levet, 1871. Yellow, a good Tea, which 
may be described as an improved Ca- 
nary ; like that sort it is delicate. 

Schwartz, 1873. White, a good sort, but 
inferior to Coquette des A Ipes. 

Moreau-Robert, 1879. Blush. 

Dubreuil, 1883. Nankeen- yellow with 
orange centre ; very dwarf, branching 
habit, blooming in clusters of twenty to 
thirty flowers. 

Lacharme, 1872. From Blanche Lafitte 
X Sappho. White, inferior to others 
of the type. 

Levet, 1874. Canary - yellow, large or 
very large, full, well formed, stiff stems, 
very free ; the leaflets are five to seven 
in number, deeply serrated, very dark 
and glaucous. A superb sort for forc- 
ing, and fine also in open air. 

Ducher, 1872. Yellow with saffron cen- 
tre, large, full, very fragrant ; fully as 
fine in quality as the preceding, but so 
subject to mildew as to be worthless to 
ordinary cultivators. 

Laffay. A sport from White Damask. 
White, tinged with flesh, flowers in 
clusters, medium size, semi-double or 
double, coarse form ; but little mossed, 
unattractive either in bud or flower ; 
the name is a deception, as it very 
rarely blooms in the autumn. Greatly 
inferior to White Bath, and also Com- 
tesse de Murinais. 

Introduced from Persia by H. Willock, 
in 1830. Bright yellow, small, nearly 
full, well formed ; small foliage, faintly 
scented like the sweetbrier ; seven leaf- 
lets ; the wood is chocolate brown in 
color, armed with numerous brown 
thorns ; it is the finest of all hardy yel- 
low roses. It must not be closely 
pruned ; it is desirable to grow more 
than one plant, and by pruning one this 
year, in the usual way, and the other 
the next, annual crops of flowers may 
be had. Does not grow from cuttings. 



294 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



881. Pierre Guillot, mod 
H.T. 

882. Pierre Notting, free. 
H.R. 



883. Pierre Seletzki. H. 
R. 

884. * Pink Rover, vig. 
H.T. 



885. Pius the Ninth, vig. 
H.R. 

886. Portland Blanche, 
free. Dam. 

887. Prefet Limbourg, 
vig. H.R. 

888. President. T. 

889. President Leon de 
St. Jean, mod. H.R. 



890. President Lincoln, 
free. H.R. 



>i. President Mas, free, 
H.R. 



892. President Schlach- 
ter, free or vig. H, 
R. 

893. President Thiers, 
dwf. H.R. 

894. Pride of Waltham, 
mod. H.R. 



Guillot fils, 1879. Deep red, fragrant and 
good. 

Portemer, 1863. Deep crimson, tinged 
with violet, large, or very large, fine, 
globular form, highly scented ; the 
most beautiful dark rose, after Louis 
Van Houtte. _ 

Levet, 1872. Violet-red. 

W. Paul & Son, 1890. Flowers very pale 
pink, deeper in the centre, large, full 
and expanded ; exceedingly sweet ; 
buds long, clean, and handsome. Of 
semi-climbing habit. 

Vibert, 1849. Violet-rose, a very sullied 
shade, fiat form, very full, free bloom- 
ing, very hardy. 

Vibert, 1836. White, tinged with flesh, 
large, very full, flat form ; often comes 
with green centre. 

Margottin fils, 1878. Crimson, tinged 
with violet, double, or full ; a rose of 
fine color. 

i860. (Sent out by W. Paul.) See Adam. 

Lacharme, 1875. Raised from Charles 
Lefebvre. This is simply an inferior 
Charles Lefebvre, not worthy of cul- 
tivation. 

Granger, 1863. Vermilion red, tinged 
with crimson, the flowers are much like 
General Washington, but inferior in 
quality to that variety, the habit of 
growth is stronger. 

Guillot fils, 1865. Raised from Triomphe 
de V Exposition. Red, shaded with 
crimson, often comes with bad cen- 
tre. 

E. _ Verdier, 1877. Reddish - crimson, 
finged with violet. 

Lacharme, 1871. Belongs to the Victor 
Verdier type. Carmine -red, one of 
the darkest colored in the type. 

W. Paul, 1881. Belongs to the Victor 
Verdier type. Flesh color, shaded 
with rose, a deeper shade than Euge'nie 
Verdier, 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



295 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



895- 
896. 
897. 



Prince Arthur, free, 
H.R. 



Prince Camille de 
Rohan, free. H.R. 



Prince de Portia, 
free. H.R. 



899. 
900. 

901. 
902. 

9°3' 

904. 
905^ 

906, 



909, 
910, 



Prince Humbert, 
free or mod. H.R. 

Prince Leon, mod. 
H.R. 

Prince of Wales, 
mod. H.R. 

, Prince Paul Demi- 
doff, free. H.R. 
Prince Prosper 
d'Aremberg. T. 
, Princess Adelaide, 
vig. M. 



, Princess Alice, vig 

M. 
, Princess Antoinette 

Strozzio, free. H.R 

, Princess Beatrice, 
mod. H.R. 

, Princess Charlotte 
de la Tremouille 
mod. H.R. 

. Princess Christian, 

mod. H.R. 
. Princess Clemen 

tine, vig. Pro v. 

Princess Louise 
mod. H.R. 



Cant, 1875. Belongs to the General 
Jacqueminot type. Deep crimson, 
smaller but better formed than Jacque- 
minot. 

E. Verdier, 1861. Very deep velvety- 
crimson, large, moderately full, habit 
somewhat spreading, shy in autumn. 
A good rose, of splendid color. 

E. Verdier, 1865. Vermilion, large, full, 
well formed, one of the most fragrant, 
somewhat subject to mildew. A splen- 
did variety. 

Margottin, 1867. Crimson, large, well 
formed, excellent. 

Marest, 1852. Rosy-crimson, stiff, short 
wood. 

Laxton, 1869. (Sent out by G. Paul.) 
From Louise Peyronny X Victor Ver- 
dier. Pink, very large, double. 

Guillot fils, 1873. Satiny-rose. 

Soupert & Notting, 1880. Salmon-red. 

Laffay, 1845. Pale rose, medium size, 

not very mossy, but good in bud and 

flower ; dark foliage, which is often 

variegated. 
W. Paul, 1853. Raised horn Luxembourg: 

Violet-rose, not well mossed. 
E. Verdier, 1874. Red, large, full, well 

formed ; slightly in the way of Marie 

Rady. 
W. Paul, 1872. Belongs to the Victor 

Verdier type. Pink, globular flowers ; 

fades quickly and is not desirable. 
Leveque, 1877. Pale-satiny-rose, medium 

size, full, somewhat fragrant; not of 

first quality, but very free blooming 

and therefore of some value. 
W. Paul, 1870. Salmon -rose, does not 
open well ; worthless. 
Vibert, 1842. A beautiful white rose, 

much resembling, but not equalling. 

Blanchejleur. 
Laxton, 1869. (Sent out by G. Paul.) 

Raised from Mme. Vidtt X Virginal. 

Blush, medium size, good. 



296 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



911. Princess Louise Vic 
toria, vig. H.CL 



912. Princess Marie Dol- 
gorouky, free. H.R. 

913. Princess Mary of 
Cambridge, mod. H, 
R. 



914. Princess Mathilde. 
mod. H.R. 



915. Princess of Wales, 
free. H.R. 

916. Professor Koch, 
free. H.R. 

917. Pumila, free. N. 



Puritan, vig. H.T. 



919. Purpurea Rubra, 
mod. M. 

920. Queen Eleanor, 
mod. or free. H.R. 



921. Queen of Ayrshires, 
vig. Ay. 

922. Queen of Bedders. 
dwf. B. 



923. Queen of Bourbons, 
mod. or dwf. B. 

924. Queen of Queens, 
H.R. 

925. Queen of the Bel- 
gians, vig. Ay. 



Knight, 1872. Salmon-pink, medium size, 
fine globular form, not fragrant ; dark 
foliage, wood nearly smooth. A splen- 
did rose. 

Gonod, 1878. Raised from A nne de Dies- 
back. Satiny-rose, very large. 

Granger, 1866. (Sent out by G. Paul.) 
From Duchess of Sutherland X Jules 
Margottin. Salmon-pink, often mot- 
tled ; a fine sort, now surpassed by 
Countess of Serenye and Egeria. 

Liabaud, i860. (Sent out by Jean Pernet.) 
Burgundy-crimson, a lovely shade, me- 
dium size, double, never full. It seems 
as though this must be the founder of 
the Baron de Bonstetten type. 

W. Paul 1864. Crimson, cupped form, 
double. 

E. Verdier, 1861. Cherry-red, medium 
size, double, erect growth, liable to 
mildew. 

Origin and raiser unknown. Salmon-rose, 
seeming to have Saf ratio blood, very 
free. 

Bennett, 1886. Flowers large, often 
badly formed ; pure white, sweet ; fine 
foliage. 

Purplish-red, a bad color. 

W. Paul, 1876. Pink, tinged with ma- 
genta-red, large, full, well formed; 
wood and thorns light green. A very 
beautiful rose when perfect, but sparsely 
produced and not reliable. 

Rivers. Violet -crimson, semi-double, 
small. 

Noble, 1877. Raised from Sir J. Pax- 
ton. Crimson, medium size, very full ; 
a free flowering sort. The color is not 
very durable. 

Mauger, 1834. Fawn and rose, medium 
or small size, fragrant, very free, of 
delicate habit. 

W. Paul, 1882. "Pink with blush edges, 
large and full, and of perfect form ; 
grows and flowers freely. ' 

White, small, double. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



297 



Variety, Habit 
or Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



926. Queen of the Prai- 
ries, vig. P. 



927. Queen of Waltham, 
mod. H.R. 

928. Queen's Scarlet, 
mod. Beng. 

929. Queen Victoria, 
mod. H.R. 



930. * Rainbow, vig. 



931. R. Dudley Baxter. 
H.R. 

932. Red Dragon, free. 
H.R. 

934. * Red Gauntlet, vig. 
H.R. 

935. * Red Pet, mod. 
Beng. 

936. Red Rover, vig. 
H.Cl. 

Red Safrano. T. 

937. Reine Blanche, mod. 
M. 

938. Reine Blanche, mod. 
H.R. 

939. Reine Blanche,mod. 
H.R. 

940. Reine de Portugal, 
mod. T. 



941. Reine des Massifs, 

vig. N. 
Qi,-2. Reine des Violettes, 

free. H.R. 
943. Reine du Midi, free 

or vig. H.R. 



Feast, 1843. Rosy-red, frequently with 
white stripe, medium or large size, 
double; foliage large, five leaflets, 
quite deeply serrated. 

W. Paul, 1875. Cherry-red, of good size, 
very fragrant, does not bloom till late ; 
a variety of fair quality. 

Hallock & Thorpe, 1880. Crimson, seems 
to be an improved Agrippina. 

Fontaine, 1850. (Sent out by W. Paul.) 
Raised from La JZeine. Blush with 
pink centre, large, very full, globular ; 
does not open well. 

Sievers, 1891. A sport from Papa 
Gontier, resembling that variety, with 
the exception that the color is lighter, 
being pink, and with the petals some- 
what striped or blotched. 

W. Paul, 1879. Maroon, large size. 

W. Paul, 1878. Crimson, large, rather 
loose flowers ; not valuable. 

W. Paul & Son, 1881. Bright scarlet- 
crimson, shaded with deep rose ; very 
large and full. 

A miniature rose with dark crimson 
flowers produced continuously. 

W. Paul, 1863. Red, tinged with crim- 
son. 

See Safrano a fleur Rouge. 

Robert, 1858. White, a shy blooming 
sort. 

Damaizin, 1868. Raised from La Reine. 
Blush, well formed. 

Crozy, 1869. Raised from Victor Ver- 
dier. Flesh-white, shaded with rose. 

Guillotfils, 1867. Coppery-yellow, blend- 
ing with rose, large, very full ; an emi- 
nently distinct sort, but does not open 
well. 

Salmon -yellow, medium 



Levet, 1874. 

size. 
Mille- Mallet 

the Ninth. 
Robert, 1868 



i860. Raised from Pius 
Violet-red, a muddy color. 
The same as La Reine, 

though supposed by some to be larger 

and fuller. 



298 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
or Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



944. Reine Emma des 
Pays Bas, free. T. 

945. Reine Maria Pia, 
vig. CI. T. 

946. Reine Marie Hen- 
riette, vig. CI. T. 



947. * Reine Nathalie de 
Serbie, vig. T. 



948. * Reine Olga 
Wurtemburg, v 
H.T. 

949. Reved'Or, free. 



950. Rev. J, B. M. 
Camm, mod. H.R. 



951. Richard Lax ton 
free. H.R. 



952. Richard Smith, 
mod. H.R. 

953. Richard Wallace, 
free. H.R. 

954. Rivers, free. H.R. 

955. Robert Marnock, 
free or vig. H.R. 

956. * Rosalie, mod. T. 



Nabonnand, 1879. Yellow, shaded with 
reddish-salmon. 

Schwartz, 1880. Raised from Gloire de 
Dijon. Deep rose, the centre reddish- 
crimson. 

Levet, 1878. From Mme. Be'rardX Gen- 
eral Jacqueminot. Cherry-red, a pure 
shade, large, double, somewhat fra- 
grant ; a beautiful, but rather unpro- 
ductive sort. 

Soupert & Notting, 1885. Flesh color, 
shaded lightly with yellow, large and 
full, of good form, very fragrant. 

Nabonnand, 1881. Brilliant red; very 
large ; semi-double. 

Ducher, 1869. Buff-yellow, medium size, 
full. 

Turner, 1875 Belongs to the Jules Mar- 
gottin type. Carmine- rose, a fine en- 
during shade, large or medium size, 
semi-globular form ; one of the most 
fragrant and free blooming. A superb 
rose. 

Laxton, 1878. (Sent out by Turner.) 
Reddish -crimson, large, full; some- 
what re s e m b 1 e s Marechal Vail- 
lant. 

E. Verdier, 1861. Belongs to the Gen. 
Jacqueminot type. Crimson, tinged 
with purple, not valuable. 

Leveque, 1871. Red, very large ; not of 
first quality, 

Laffay, 1839. Rose color, large, flat form, 
not valuable. 

G. Paul, 1878. Belongs to the Duke of 
Edinburgh type. Brownish-crimson, 
double, not free in autumn. 

Ellwanger & Barry, 1884. Raised from 
seed of Marie Van Houtte. Of slender 
yet healthy growth ; flower small, a 
little larger than Paquerette, and of 
a deep pink color, about the shade 
of 31adame Lambard. Pretty in bud, 
the flowers being of good substance, 
and remaining perfect for a long time ; 
fragrant. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



299 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



957. Rose du Roi, mod. 
{Crimson Perpet- 
ual.) Dam. 

958. Rosieriste Harms, 
free. H.R. 

959. Rosieriste Jacobs 
free. H.R. 

960. Rosy Morn, dwf 
H.R. 



961. Royal Standard, 
mod. H.R. 

c/62. Royal Tea, mod. T. 

963. Rubens, mod. H.R. 

964. Rubens, free. • T. 

965. Rugosa Alba, vig. 

966. Rugosa Rubra, vig. 



967. S. Reynolds Hole, 
mod. H.R. 



968. Safrano, free. T. 



Lelieur, 1812. Bright crimson, large, 

double, very fragrant; occasionally 

blooms in autumn. 
E. Verdier, 1879. Velvety-red, shaded 

with crimson, slightly resembling Mme. 

Victor Verdier. 
Madame Ducher, 1880. Bright red. 

W. Paul, 1878. Belongs to the VictorVer- 
dier type. Salmon-pink, a deeper shade 
than Eugenie Verdier ; peculiar wood 
and foliage more like Captain Christy 
than any other variety. A good rose, 
but with too many imperfect blooms. 

Turner, 1874. Satiny- rose, tinged with 
lilac, a large, well-formed, globular 
flower ; but does not open well. 

White, faintly tinged with yellow, long, 
beautiful buds, delicate habit. 

Laffay, 1852. Bright red, a fine color, 
flowers loose. 

Moreau-Robert, 1859. Rosy-flesh, 
deeper at centre, large, full, well 
formed, fine in the bud. An excellent 
variety. 

A species from Japan, introduced some 
years ago. White, large size, five petals, 
fragrant. A beautiful single rose. 

Also from Japan. Deep rose, tinged 
with violet, single, fragrant. The 
flowers are succeeded by very bright 
colored heps of large size, which in the 
autumn are exceedingly attractive. 
The leaflets are nine in number, of dark 
color, very tough and durable. These 
two kinds are splendid shrubs for bor- 
ders. 

G. Paul, 1872. Maroon, flushed with 
scarlet-crimson, medium size, full, well 
formed ; shy in the autumn and sub- 
ject to mildew. A rose of great beauty 
but not at all adapted to general culti- 
vation. 

Beauregard, 1839. Saffron and apricot- 
yellow, large, semi-double, exceedingly 
beautiful in the bud, very free. The 
seed organs are better developed than 
in almost any other kind. 



3°° 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



969. Safrano a fleur 
Rouge, mod. (Red 
Safrano.) T. 

070. Saint George, mod 
H.R. 

971. * Salamander, vig, 
H.R. 

972. Salet, free. P.M. 



973. Sanguinea, mod. 
Beng. 

974. * Sappho, vig. T. 



975. Senateur Vaisse 
mod. H.R. 



976. Setina, free. B. 



Seven Sisters. Mult. 

977. Sir Garnet Wol- 
seley, vig. or free. 



978. Sir Joseph Paxton. 
free. B. 

979. * Snowfiake, vig. T. 



3o. Socrates, free. T. 



Oger, 1868. Belongs to the Safrano 
type. Saffron-yellow, shaded with 
coppery-red, semi-double ; a peculiar 
scent, not pleasing. 

W. Paul, 1874. Crimson, shaded with 
purple. 

W. Paul & Son, 1891. " Large and full ; 
bright scarlet -crimson, very vivid in 
summer; very free flowering." 

Lacharme, 1854. Light rose, medium size, 
flat form, fairly good buds, very free. 
The best in the class, after Soupert et 
Netting. 

Crimson, medium or small size. An in- 
ferior Agrippina. 

W. Paul & Son, 1889. Buds medium, 
full, globular, fawn color, suffused with 
rose, the opening flowers shaded with 
yellow and tawny buff. Distinct and 
handsome ; vigorous and free bloom- 
ing. 

Guillot pere, 1859. Raised from Ge?ieral 
Jacqueminot. Red, shaded with car- 
mine-crimson, large, full, well formed, 
highly scented. A fine rose, but now 
surpassed by Mons. E. Y. Teas. 

P. Henderson, 1859. A sport from Her- 
mosa. Identical with the parent, ex- 
cept that the habit is a little more vigor- 
ous. 

See Greville. 

Cranston, 1875. Said to be a seedling 
from Prince Camille. [We doubt this 
parentage.] Nearly identical with Mau- 
rice Bemardin ; the flowers may be a 
little superior in finish, but they are 
less freely produced. 

Laffay, 1852. Deep red, slightly tinged 
with violet, medium size, well formed, 
non-autumnal. 

Strauss & Co., 1890. Sent out by Strauss 
& Co., of Washington, D.C. ; a very 
free flowering white rose ; useful in set 
designs, and as a pot plant. 

Moreau-Robert, 1858. Deep rose tinged 
with fawn, large or medium size, double 
or full. Quite a good Tea. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



301 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



Sceur des Anges. 
mod. H.R. 

Solfaterre, vig, 
(A ugusta.) N. 



983. Sombreuil, vig. T. 



984 



985 



987 



990, 
991, 
992 



Soupert et Notting, 
dwf. P.M. 



Souvenir d'Adolphe 
Thiers, mod. H.R. 

Souvenir d'Auguste 
Riviere, free. H.R. 

Souvenir d ' Elise 
Vardon, mod. T. 



, * Souvenir de Clair- 
vaux, vig. T. 

, Souvenir de Georges 
Sand, free. T. 

, Souvenir de Henry 
Clay, free. S. 

, * Souvenir de Ga- 
brielle Drevet, vig. 
T. 

, Souvenir de la Mal- 
maison, mod. B. 



Oger, 1863. A sport from Duchesse d'' 'Or- 
leans. Flesh, shaded with lilac ; not 
valuable. 

Boyeau, 1843. Raised from Lamarque. 
Sulphur-yellow, large, double or full, 
slightly fragrant. An excellent climb- 
ing rose, and valuable as a stock on 
which to bud Teas. 

Moreau-Robert, 1851. Evidently of Bour- 
bon parentage on one side. Creamy- 
white, often tinted with pink, large or 
very large, full, well formed ; the har- 
diest and most vigorous of the white 
Teas, and free from mildew. A valu- 
able sort for culture in the open air. 

Pernet, 1874. Rose color, very large, very 
full, globular form, highly scented, not 
very mossy, a true ever-blooming rose, 
five leaflets only. The flowers are some- 
times malformed, but they are infinitely 
superior to all others of the same class. 

Moreau-Robert, 1877. Raised from Coun- 
tess of Oxford. Red, tinged with ver- 
milion, very large. 

E. Verdier, 1877. Belongs to the Prince 
Camille type. Velvety-crimson. 

Marest, 1855. Flesh color, shaded with 
rosy -salmon, large, full; highly es- 
teemed in England, but we have never 
admired it ; refinement is lacking in the 
flower. 

Eugene Verdier, 1891. Large, well 
formed ; buds large, long ; pinkish-rose ; 
fragrant. 

Madame Ducher, 1876. Salmon and rose, 
reverse of petals tinged with lilac, bad- 
ly formed. 

Boll, 1854. A hybrid Scotch. Rose color, 
small or medium size, gives some blooms 
in the autumn. 

Guillot fils, 1885. Salmon -white, centre 
coppery-rose, large and full, very sweet. 

Beluze, 1843. Supposed to be a seed- 
ling from Madame Desprez. Flesh 
shaded with fawn, large, very full, flat 
form, rich foliage. A splendid rose. 



3° 2 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



993. Souvenir de la 
Reine d'Angleterre, 
vig. or free. H.R. 

994. Souvenir de la Reine 
des Beiges, mod. or 
free. H.R. 

995. Souvenir de Laffay. 
H.R. 

996. Souvenir de Leveson 
Gower, free. H.R. 

997. Souvenir de Louis 
Van Houtte, free. 
H.R. 

998. Souvenir de Mme. 
Robert, free or vig. 
H.R. 

999. * Souvenir de Ma- 
dame Sablayrolles, 
vig. T. 

1000. Souvenir de Marie 
Detrey, free. T. 

1001. Souvenir de Mons. 
Boll, mod. or free. 
H.R. 

1002. Souvenir de Mons. 
Droche. H.R. 

1003. Souvenir de Paul 
Neyron, mod. T. 



1004. Souvenir de Pierre 
D u p u y, vig. H. 
Ch. 

1005. Souvenir de Mme. 
Pernet, vig. T. 



1006. Souvenir de Spa, 
mod. H.R. 

1007. *Souvenir de Victor 
Hugo, vig. 71 

1008. Souvenir de Victor 
Verdier, free or mod 
H.R. 



Cochet, 1855. Raised from La Reine. 

Bright rose, very large, double ; shy in 

autumn. 
Cochet, 1855. Carmine-red, medium size, 

good color, rather tender. 



E. Verdier, 



Violet-crimson. 



Guillot pere, 1852. Deep-rose, very large, 
double or full, fine flowers ; quite ten- 
der, and subject to mildew. 

E. Verdier, 1876. Bright crimson, some- 
times tinged with violet, well formed, 
quite a good rose. 

Moreau-Robert, 1876. Raised from Jules 
Margottin. Salmon-pink. 

Bonnaire, 1890. Large, finely formed ; 

creamy-white, tinged with silvery-rose ; 

fragrant. 
Madame Ducher, 1877. Salmon rose ; of 

inferior quality, not worth growing. 
Boyeau, 1866. Cherry-red, large, very 

full. 

Madame Ducher, 1881. Carmine -rose, 
double. 

Levet, 1871. Said to be a seedling from 
the Noisette Ophirie. Pale salmon- 
yellow, medium or small size ; rather a 
good rose, but too delicate to be gener- 
ally useful. 

A. Levet, 1876. Red, large, globular 
flowers, well formed, fragrant. 

Pernet, 1875. Tender rose, the base of 
petals tinged with yellow, large loose 
flowers, sparsely produced. A distinct 
but not valuable sort. 

Gautreau, 1873. Raised from Mme. Vic- 
tor Verdier. Bright red, shaded with 
crimson, well formed. 

Bonnaire, 1886. China rose, centre cop- 
pery ; large, full, and distinct. 

E. Verdier, 1878. Red, shaded with vio- 
let-crimson, a well-formed, good rose. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



303 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



1009. Souvenir de Wm 
Wood, mod. H.R. 

1010. Souvenir d'un Ami 
free. T. 

1011. Souvenir du Comte 
de Cavour, mod. H. 
R. 

1012. Souvenir du Dr. 
Jamain, free. H.R. 

1013. Souvenir du Presi- 
dent Porcher, mod. 
H.R. 

1014. * Souvenir du Ro- 
sieriste Gonod, vig 
H.R. 

1015. *Souvenir de Woot- 
ton, vig. H. T. 



1016. Standard of Maren 
go, vig. H.R. 

1017. Stanwell Perpet 
ual, mod. S. 



1018. Star of Waltham. 
mod. or dwf. H.R. 



1019. Stephanie - et-Ro- 
dolphe, vig. CI. T. 

1020. Sulphureux, mod. 
T. 

1021. Sultan of Zanzibar, 
mod. H.R. 

1022. Superba, vig. P. 



E. Verdier, 1864. Belongs to the Prince 
Camille type. A fine, very dark crim- 
son, not equalling Prince Camille. 

Belot, 1846. Rose, tinged with salmon, 
very large, full, highly perfumed; an old 
favorite which yet retains its high rank. 

Margottin, 1861. Red, shaded with crim- 



Lacharme, 1865. Raised from Charles 
Lefebvre. Plum color, shaded with 
deep crimson. 

T. Grange, 1880. (Sent out by Vigneron.) 
Raised from Victor Verdier. Deep 
rose. 

Jean Ducher, 1890. Very large, full, and 
well formed ; cerise, veined with bright 
rose ; fragrant. Forces well. 

Cook, 1888. A red hybrid Tea from seed 
of Bon Silene, fertilized with Louis 
Van Houtte ; plant vigorous with fine 
foliage ; free blooming ; buds of good 
size on strong shoots ; of a rich red color 
and extremely fragrant. If the buds 
were longer this would be a very valu- 
able variety for forcing. 

Guillot pere, 1851. Rosy-crimson, double, 
fragrant. 

Lee. Blush, medium size, double, deli- 
cately scented, foliage very small, nine 
to eleven leaflets ; dark reddish-brown 
wood, numerous small spines. A hy- 
brid which blooms in the autumn. 

W. Paul, 1875. Carmine-crimson, medium 
size, semi-globular, full, fragrant ; very 
large foliage, smooth green wood, with 
occasional red thorns. A good rose but 
not reliable. 

Levet, 1880. Raised from Gloire de Di- 
jon. Orange-yellow. 

Ducher, 1869. Sulphur-yellow, medium 
size. 

G. Paul, 1875. Crimson-maroon, in the 
style of S. Reynolds Hole ; very un- 
healthy habit. 

Feast, 1843. Pink, becoming blush, small, 
full, pretty. 



3°4 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



1023. *Suzanne Blanchet, 
vig. T. 

1024. Sydonie, vig. H.R. 



1025. * T. W. Girdle- 
stone, vig. H.R. 



1026. Tatiana Oneguine, 
free. H.R. 

1027. The Shah, free, 
H.R. 



1028. Theodore Bullier, 
free. f H.R. 

1029. Therese Genevay. 
T. 

1030. Thomas Methven, 
free. H.R. 

1031. Thomas Mills, vig. 
or free. H.R. 

1032. ThyraHammerich. 
mod. or free. H.R. 

1033. Triomphe d'Ami- 
ens, vig. H.R. 



1034. Triomphe d' An- 
gers, mod. H.R. 

1035. Triomphe de 
Beaute, free. H.R. 

1036. Triomphe de Caen, 
dwf . or mod. H.R. 

1037. Triomphe de 
France, dwf. H.R. 



Nabonnand, 1886. Rose tinted with flesh 
color ; large and of fine form ; very 
fragrant. 

Dorisy, 1846. Rose color, medium size, 
very full, quartered form, very free 
blooming, very hardy ; five to seven 
leaflets, red thorns. Its poor shape de- 
stroys its usefulness. 

A. Dickson & Sons, 1890. Very large, 
perfectly symmetrical in form ; brilliant 
carmine, base of petals shaded with 
lake ; very fragrant. 

Leveque, 1881. Raised from Elizabeth 
Vigneron. Carmine-red. 

G. Paul, 1874. Raised from Duke of 
Edinburgh. Red, shaded with bright 
crimson, rather small, full ; a shy 
bloomer, and subject to mildew. 

E. Verdier, 1879. Carmine- red, tinged 
with violet-crimson. 

Levet, 1875. Rose, tinged with fawn. 

E. Verdier, 1869. Red, tinged with vel- 
vety-crimson, good size, well formed ; 
a fine rose. 

E. Verdier, 1873. Rosy- crimson, very 
large, double ; a good garden variety. 

Ledechaux, 1868. Raised from Duchess 
of Sutherland. Rosy-flesh, large, well 
formed ; distinct and good. 

Mille-Mallet, 1861. A sport from Gen- 
eral facqueminot. Crimson, some- 
times marbled and striped with carmine- 
purple, but generally like the parent ; 
not valuable. 

Moreau- Robert, 1863. Rich crimsftn, suf- 
fused with purple. 

Oger, 1853. Reddish -crimson, double, 
somewhat resembles General facque- 
minot, but much inferior. 

Cger, 1862. Crimson, tinged with purple, 
a non-permanent shade, not desir- 
able. 

Margottin, 1875. Carmine - red, very 
large, very full, flat, fragrant ; a fine 
sort, but not reliable, and of such poor 
growth as to destroy its value. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



305 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



1038. Triomphe de Jaus 
sens, free. Fr. 

1039. Triomphe de 1' Ex- 
position, free. H.R 



1040. Triomphe de Mi 
Ian, mod. T. 



1041. * Triomphe de Per- 
net pere, vig. T. 

1042. Triomphe de Ren 
nes, free. N. 

1043. Triomphe de Tou 
louse. H.R. 

1044. Triomphe des 
Beaux Arts, free or 
vig. H.R. 

1045. Triomphe des Ros- 
omanes, vig. H.R, 



1046. Triomphe du Lux- 
embourg, free. T. 



1047. Triumphant, vig. 
P. 

1048. U 1 r i c h Briinner, 
vig, H.R. 

Unique. M. 

1049. Unique, vig. 
(White Provence.) 
Prov. 

1050. Vainqueur de Sol- 
ferino, mod. H.R. 

1051. Vallee de Chamou- 
nix, mod. T. 

1052. * Vick's Caprice, 
vig. H.R. 



20 



Crimson, large loose flowers, wood armed 
with short dark spines. 

Margottin, 1855. Reddish-crimson, large, 
rather coarse flowers, fragrant, numer- 
ous red thorns, hardy ; occasionally 
comes very fine, but generally the 
quality is inferior. 

Madame Ducher, 1876. White, suffused 
with pale yellow, without fragrance ; a 
fine rose, similar, but inferior, to Marie 
Guillot. 

Pernet pere, 1891. Bright red ; buds 
long. 

Lansezeur, 1857. From La marque. 
Canary -yellow, the centre tinged with 
salmon, large or very large, full, good. 

Brassac, 1874. Red, shaded with violet- 
crimson. 

Fontaine, 1857. Raised, from General 
Jacqueminot. An inferior likeness of 
the parent. 

Gonod, 1873. Belongs to the General 
Jacqueminot type. Crimson, tinged 
with purple, fragrant, and of fair qual- 
ity ; a good seed-bearer. 

Hardy, 1836. (Sent out by Madame 
Pean.) Buff -rose, large, good in the 
bud, of healthy habit ; a desirable 
sort. 

Pierce, 1850. Rosy-pink, medium size, 
double or full, distinct ; seven leaflets 
are common. 

Levet, 1881. Raised from Paul Neyron. 
Cherry-red. 

See White Bath. 

Grimwood, 1778. White, a good rose, 
similar but inferior to Madame Hardy. 

Damaizin, 1859. Belongs to the Giant 
of Battles type. Red, shaded with 
purplish-crimson. 

Ducher, 1873. Coppery-yellow and rose, 
medium size. 

James Vick, 1889. A sport from Arch- 
duchesse d' A utriche. Large, pink, 
striped and dashed with white and car- 
mine ; vigorous and free blooming. 



306 



THE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



1053. Vicomte Maison, 
vig. H.R. 

1054. Vicomte Vigier, 
free. H.R. 

1055. Vicomtesse de 
Cazes, dwf. T. 

1056. Victor Pulliat,mod. 
T. 

1057. Victor Trouillard. 
H.R. 

1058. Victor Verdier, 
mod. H.R. 



1059. Villaret de Joy- 
euse, free. H.R. 

1060. Ville de St. Denis, 
free. H.R. 

1061. Violette Bouyer, 
free or vig. H.R. 

1062. Virgil, free. H.R. 



1063. Viridiflora, free. 
( Viridiscens.) Be fig. 

1064. Virginale, mod. //. 
R. 



1065. Viscountess Fal- 
mouth, dwf. H. T. 



1066. *Viscountess 
Folkestone, vig. //. 
T. 

1067. Vulcain, mod. H. 
R. 



Fontaine, 1868. Cherry- red, double, 
fades quickly, straggling habit. 

E. Verdier, 1861. Maroon- tinged with 
violet, a well-formed, globular flower. 

Pradel, 1844. Coppery -yellow, rather 
loose form, very delicate habit. 

Ducher, 1870. Pale yellow, long buds, 
quite a good Tea. 

Trouillard, 1856. (Sent out by Standish 
& Noble.) Crimson and purple. 

Lacharme, 1852. Bright rose, with car- 
mine centre, a very fresh shade, but 
not permanent, semi-globular form, of 
good size, not fragrant ; very free, the 
wood is all but smooth, the foliage lus- 
trous. This variety is doubtless of 
Bourbon origin ; it is a beautiful rose, 
but with its entire progeny is more ten- 
der than any other types in the class. 

Damaizin, 1874. Bright rose, well formed. 

Thouars, 1853. From La Reine. Car- 
mine-rose. 

Lacharme, 1881. From Jules Margottin 
X Sombreul. White, tinged with pink. 

Guillot pere, 1870. (Sent out by W. Paul.) 
Pink, tinged with lavender, not valua- 
ble. 

Green flowers, of no beauty whatsoever, 
only sought for as a curiosity. 

Lacharme, 1858. White, with flesh cen- 
tre, medium size, double or full, well 
formed ; a good rose, but of very deli- 
cate habit. 

Bennett, 1879. From President X Sou- 
pert et Notting. Mottled rose, the ex- 
terior of petals with a silvery lustre, 
very large, very full, globular, having 
the intense fragrance of Soupert et 
Notting, and like that variety inclined 
to come malformed. The wood is very 
thorny, the shoots slender. 

Bennett, 1887. Creamy-pink ; large, full, 
sweet. 

E. Verdier, 1862. Rich crimson, double, 
well formed ; a rose of splendid color. 



CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 



3°7 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class, 



Description. 



1068. W. A. Richardson, 
vig. N. 

1069. W. Wilson Saun- 
ders, mod. H.R. 



1070. * Waban, mod. T. 



107 1. Washington, vig. 
N. 

1072. White Banksia, 
vig. B'k. 

1073. White Baroness, 
mod. H.R. 



1074. White Bath, mod. 
or free. (Unique.) 
M. 



W h i t e Provence. 

Proz>. 

1075. *White Bon Silene. 
vig. T. 

1076. * White Lady, mod 
H.T. 

1077. * William F. Ben- 
nett, vig. H. T. 



1078. William Griffith, 
free. H.R. 



Madame Ducher, 1878. Orange-yellow, 
medium size, of fair quality. 

G. Paul, 1874. Belongs to the Charles 
Lefebvre type. May be briefly de- 
scribed as an inferior Charles Le- 
febvre. 

E. M. Wood & Co., 1891. A sport from 
Catharine Mermet, resembling it in 
every respect except in color, which is 
a rich, bright, clear pink. With some 
growers this variety has proved a suc- 
cess, while with others it has not done 
well. It often grows one-sided. 

Stewart (of Philadelphia). White, me- 
dium size, loose flowers, poor. 

Brought to England from China in 1807. 
Pure white, small full flower, vi'olet- 
scented. 

G. Paul, 1882. A sport from Baroness 
Rothschild. Unlike Mabel Morrison, 
this is quite as full a rose as the parent, 
and it is pure white ; in other respects, 
as vigor of growth, etc., it is identical 
with Baroness Rothschild. We saw 
this in flower at Cheshunt during the 
summer of 1880, and were greatly im- 
pressed with its merit. 

Salter. A sport from the Common. 
White, sometimes tinged with flesh, 
attractive in bud and open flower ; gen- 
erally five leaflets, of straggling habit. 
Much the best white mors. 

See Unique. 

F. Morat, 1883. A sport from the well- 
known Bon Silene. Of a pearly white- 
ness, vigorous and free flowering. 

W. Paul & Son, 1889. Flowers large, 
beautiful semi-cupped form ; creamy- 
white. 

Bennett, 1885. Beautiful glowing crim- 
son, similar to Gen. Jacqueminot, with 
a bud similar to Niphetos ; very frag- 
rant ; a very free bloomer, but only a 
moderate grower. 

Portemer, 1850. Pink, much resembling 
Countess C. de Chabrillant, but the 



3o8 



TttE ROSE. 



Variety, Habit 
of Growth, and Class. 



Description. 



1079. William Jesse, free 
H.R. 

1080. William Koelle, 
mod. H.R. 



1081. William Lobb, free, 
M. 

1082. William Warden 
vig. H.R. 



1083. Woodland Mar- 
guerite, vig. N. 

1084. Xavier Olibo, mod. 
or dwf. H.R. 



1085. Yellow Banksia, 
vig. &k. 

Yellow Tea. T. 

1086. Yolanded'Aragon, 
free. H.R. 



flowers are somewhat smaller, the wood 
smoother, and in habit it is more vigor- 
ous, but also much more liable to in- 
jury from the cold. 

Laffay, 1840. Red, suffused with violet, 
in the way of Pius the Ninth. An 
undesirable sort. 

Pernet, 1878. Raised from Alfred Co- 
lomb. The flowers are nearly or quite 
the same shade as those of the parent, 
the habit is partially that of Charles 
Lefebvre. 

Laffay, 1855. Violet-red, not an attrac- 
tive sort. 

Mitchell & Son, 1878. A sport from 
Madame Clemence Joigneaux. Pink 
flowers, the habit, etc., is the same as 
that of the parent. 

J. Pentland, 1859. White, sometimes 
with flesh, medium size ; of fair quality. 

Lacharme, 1864. Said to be from Gen. 
Jacqueminot. Very deep, rich crim- 
son, large flowers, moderately full ; a 
superb rose. 

Brought to England from China in 1827. 
Like White Banksia, except the color, 
which is clear yellow. 

See Flavescens. 

Vibert, 1843. Lilac-rose, flat form, strag- 
gling habit ; worthless. 



INDEX. 



Aphis, The, 88. 
Austrian Roses, 33. 
Autumnal Roses, 42, 51, 129. 
Ayrshire Roses, 28. 
Banksia Roses, 28. 
Bedding Roses, 127. 
Bengal Roses, 51. 
Best Roses, The, 134. 
Books on Roses, v. 199. 
Bourbon Roses, 52. 
Boursault Roses, 29. 
Boxes for Exhibiting, 109. 
Brier, The, as a Stock, 104. 
Budded Roses, 102. 
Cabbage Rose, The. 40. 
Catalogue of Varieties, 22S. 
Caterpillars, 92. 
Champney Roses, 44. 
China Roses, 51. 
Classification, 25. 
Climbing Roses, 28, 42, 13c. 
Climbing Tea Roses, 49. 
Cuttings, 99, 114. 
Damask Roses, 32. 
Descriptions, 174. 
Diseases, 87. 
Eglantine, The, 41. 
Evergreen Roses, 29. 
Exhibiting lose, 107. 
Exhibition Roses, The Best, 
Failure, Causes of, 72. 
Fairy Roses, 52. 



Families of Roses, 28. 

Free-blooming Roses, 130. 

Forcing Roses, 114, 129. 

Fragrant Roses, 131. 

French Roses, 34. 

Grafting, 105. 

Green Fly, 88. 

Habit of Growth, 230 

Hardy Roses, 131. 

Hellebore, 92. 

Hybrid China Roses, 35. 

Hybrid Climbing Roses, y » j2, 

Hybrid Noisette Roses, 54. 

Hybrid Perpetual Roses, 55. 

Hybrid Remontant Roses, 55. 

Hybrid Tea Roses, 58. 

Insects, 87. 

Leaf Roller, 92. 

Layers, 105. 

Mail, Plants by, 77. 

Manetti, The, as a Stock, 104. 

Manures, 83. 

May Bug, 94. 

Microphylla Roses, 44. 

Mildew, 89. 

Monthly Roses, 42. 

Moss Roses, 39. 

Multiflora Roses, 28. 

Night-soil, 84. 

Noisette Roses, 44. 

Old and New Roses, 203. 

Own Roots, 99. 



3io 



INDEX. 



Pegged-down Roses, 127. 

Permanent Colors, 162. 

Perpetual Roses, 42. 

Perpetual Moss Roses, 62. 

Pillar Roses, 35. 

Planting, 76. 

Polyantha Roses, 47. 

Position for Planting, 71. 

Pot-culture, 114. 

Potting Roses, 115. 

Prairie Roses, 29. 

Propagation, 99. 

Protection, 64. 

Provence Roses, 38. 

Pruning, 76. 

Quassia, 89. 

Raisers of the Best Roses, 134. 

Raising New Varieties, 186. 

Rose Bug, The, 93. 

Rose Chafer, The, 93. 

Rose Slug, The, 93. 

Rose Hopper, The, 91. 

Roses for Special Purposes, 127. 

Roses under Glass, 114. 

Red Spider, The, 90. 



Running Roses, 42. 

Sawfly, 93. 

Sarmentous Roses, 26. 

Scotch Roses, 39. 

Seed Parents, 156. 

Seedling Roses, 177. 

Similar Varieties, 165. 

Soils, 71. 

Solfaterre as a StocV. 46. 

Stocks, 104. 

Suckers, 103. 

Sulphur, 89, 91. 

Summer Roses, 28. 

Sweet-Brier, The, 41. 

Tea Roses, 63, 

Technical Terms, 67. 

Thrips, 9 i. 

Tobacco, for Fumigating, 89. 

Too-much-alike Roses, 162. 

Typical Roses, 174. 

Varieties for Special Purposes, 

127. 
When to Plant, 76. 
White Grub, 94. 
Yellow Roses, 34. 



